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Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Sweet cherry leaf spot, caused by Alternaria spp., causes significant yield losses to sweet cherry production globally. This study was aimed at...  相似文献   
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Animal bites are a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to conduct a survey of animal bites in Bursa, Turkey. Patients who sought medical care for animal bites over an 18-month period were included in our study (n = 1,715). Data were obtained from the registry of the Bursa State Hospital; 71.84% of the patients were men and 28.16% were women. Bites were most frequent among patients who were >18 years of age (comprising 60.83% of all bites). The anatomical site of the bite was recorded in all 1,715 cases, and 1,778 bite locations on the body were reported. The upper extremities were the most frequent sites of animal bites (53.83%), followed by the lower extremities (38.03%). Bites were most frequently inflicted by dogs (68.04%), followed by cats (28.45%), mice (2.56%), and other animals (hamsters, donkeys, horses, foxes, and rabbits together comprised 0.95% of the bites). As a result, bite incidents were mostly associated with males aged >18 years and occurred in the upper extremities. This study showed that dog bites constitute a major animal bite problem in Bursa, Turkey.  相似文献   
3.
Argyrosomus regius (3.0 ± 0.9 g) were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia in a series of acute toxicity tests by the static renewal method at three temperature levels (18, 22 and 26°C) at a pH of 8.2. Low temperature clearly increased the tolerance of the fish to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and unionized ammonia (NH3) (P < 0.05). While the 96‐h LC50 values of TAN were 19.79, 10.39 and 5.06 mg L?1, the 96‐h LC50 of NH3 were 1.00, 0.70 and 0.44 mg L?1 at 18, 22 and 26°C respectively. The safe levels of NH3 for A. regius was estimated to be 0.10, 0.07 and 0.04 mg L?1 at 18, 22 and 26°C respectively (P < 0.05). This study clearly indicates that A. regius is more sensitive to ammonia than other marine fish species cultured on the Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic coasts.  相似文献   
4.
Phosphorus (P) is one of the least available mineral nutrients to the plants in calcareous and alkaline soils. In this study, we investigated the synthesis, characterization and use of synthetic nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA), P uptake by plants as well as its residual effects. Soluble P source (H3PO4) was also included as treatment for comparison. NHA prepared by wet chemical techniques, characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and elemental dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. NHA and H3PO4 were applied at a rate of 200 mg kg?1 to find out their effects on phosphorus nutrition and growth of lettuce on the low and high calcareous soil. In addition to this, residual effects of NHA and H3PO4 were also determined for lettuce plants grown after first lettuce plants in the both soil. Dry weights of the first and second lettuce plants grown in low and high calcareous soil were significantly increased by applied phosphorus regardless of the source. NHA seems to be more effective than that of ordinary phosphorus source (H3PO4-P) on growth and P concentration of the lettuce plants. The promising results of this study needs to be supported with long term field studies regarding the uptake, translocation and interactions of nano-P with the other elements.  相似文献   
5.
Meagre, Argyrosomus regius, is a candidate marine fish species for aquaculture diversification, presenting a high economic value in the Mediterranean. Tolerance of juvenile meagre to nitrite (NO2‐N) was determined relating to temperature. Fish (3.2 ± 0.6 g and 5.4 ± 0.9 cm) were exposed to different NO2‐N concentrations in a series of acute toxicity tests by the static renewal method at three temperatures (18, 22, and 26 C) at a pH of 8.0. Low temperature clearly increased tolerance to NO2‐N (P < 0.05). The 96‐h median lethal concentration (LC50) values of NO2‐N were 177.63, 139.55, and 49.61 mg/L, at 18, 22, and 26 C, respectively. The safe levels of NO2‐N for juvenile meagre were estimated to be 17.7, 13.9, and 4.9 mg/L at 18, 22, and 26 C, respectively (P < 0.05). This study indicates A. regius is more sensitive to nitrite than other marine fish species cultured in the Mediterranean.  相似文献   
6.
Common reed (Phragmites communis Trin.), a perennial grass, is a widespread weed in the Trakya region of Turkey. Reed leaf samples were collected in 2004 and 2005, and tested for the presence of theMaize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV),Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV),Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV),Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV) andWheat dwarf virus (WDV) by DAS-ELISA, PTA-ELISA and Western blot analysis. MDMV was identified in five out of sixP. communis samples that exhibited characteristic virus-like symptoms in 2004. The remaining sample was co-infected with MDMV and BYDV-PAV. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of flexuous rod-shaped virus particles in four samples that reacted positively for MDMV in ELISA. In 2005, ELISA revealed that nine out of 234 samples that were collected in two different locations were infected with MDMV, nine with SCMV, and three with BYDV-PAV. No sample contained CYDV-RPV, JGMV and WDV. Our results confirm that the common reed is a host of BYDV-PAV and indicate, for the first time, that it is also a natural host of MDMV and SCMV.P. communis most likely acts as a reservoir of these three viruses in the Trakya region in Turkey. http//www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 13, 2006.  相似文献   
7.
Almond (Prunus dulcis) is one of the well known stone fruit species grown for its unripe fruits and delicious seeds in Turkey. In the Trakya region, however, some prevailing virus infections have reduced almond yields and quality. In ten districts of Trakya, 260 leaf samples were collected from affected almond trees in June 2010. DAS–ELISA assays and RT-PCR tests were employed for the identification of viruses. As a result of these detection studies, five of the 260 leaf samples gathered from symptomatic almond trees had Plum pox virus (PPV), 81 of them had Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), and 11 samples contained Prune dwarf virus (PDV). Only four out of 260 samples had a mixture of these viruses. Partial nucleotide sequences of five almond isolates of PPV were determined and compared with 17 other PPV isolates in databases. Computer analysis of obtained and published nucleotide sequences showed identity ranged from 75.72% to 96.87%. Of the five PPV almond isolates obtained, however, there was a close nucleotide identity of 95.82–96.61% to Turkish isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotides and amino acids showed that five PPV isolates of almond from the Trakya Region of Turkey were clustered in the same subgroup with PPV-T Turkish isolates in GenBank. Therefore we can consider almond isolates of PPV as PPV-T strain, like the two other isolates from apricot trees in Turkey.  相似文献   
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