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1.
Spectrophotometry and Ultracentrifugation for Measurement of Plasma Lipids in Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus
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E.C. Seage K.J. Drobatz R.S. Hess 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):93-98
Background
There are conflicting reports of plasma lipoprotein lipid content in dogs with diabetes mellitus (DM).Objectives
To determine lipoprotein lipid content of plasma of dogs with DM by spectrophotometry and ultracentrifugation; to compare lipoprotein lipid content in diabetic and healthy dogs; and to quantify apolipoprotein B‐100 (ApoB) in dogs with DM.Animals
22 dogs with DM and 9 healthy dogs.Methods
Cross‐sectional study. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry. Very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentrations were calculated after ultracentrifugation. Non‐HDL‐C cholesterol was calculated by subtracting HDL‐C from TC. ApoB was quantified by ELISA. The Mann‐Whitney test was used for comparison of median lipoprotein concentrations, and Spearman's correlation was used to assess associations between ApoB and lipoprotein fractions.Results
All values are reported in mg/dL. Median TG (122), TC (343.5), HDL‐C, (200), VLDL‐C, (27) LDL‐C (68), non‐HDL‐C (114), and ApoB (320) were significantly higher in dogs with DM, compared to healthy dogs (57, 197, 168, 12, 16, 31, and 258, respectively, P‐values 0.0079, <0.001, 0.029, 0.011, <0.001, <0.001, 0.025, respectively). A significant association was found between ApoB and LDL‐C (Spearman's rho = 0.41, P = 0.022) and between ApoB and non‐HDL‐C (Spearman's rho = 0.40, P = 0.027).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Dyslipidemia of dogs with DM is characterized by pronounced increases in LDL‐C and non‐HDL‐C concentrations, although all lipoprotein fractions are significantly increased. Knowledge of specific lipoprotein fraction alterations in dogs with DM can enhance treatment options for diabetic dyslipidemia in dogs. 相似文献2.
D Rodrigo-Mocholí E Escudero E Belda FG Laredo V Hernandis 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(4):172-177
AIMS: To determine the pharmacokinetics, and anaesthetic and sedative effects of alfaxalone after I/V and I/M administration to cats.METHODS: Six European shorthair cats, three males and three females, with a mean weight of 4.21 (SD 0.53) kg and aged 3.8 (SD 0.9) years were enrolled in this crossover, two–treatment, two-period study. Alfaxalone at a dose of 5?mg/kg was administered either I/V or I/M. Blood samples were collected between 2–480 minutes after drug administration and analysed for concentrations of alfaxalone by HPLC. The plasma concentration-time curves were analysed by non-compartmental analysis. Sedation scores were evaluated between 5–120 minutes after drug administration using a numerical rating scale (from 0–18). Intervals from drug administration to sit, sternal and lateral recumbency during the induction phase, and to head-lift, sternal recumbency and standing position during recovery were recorded.RESULTS: The mean half-life and mean residence time of alfaxalone were longer after I/M (1.28 (SD 0.21) and 2.09 (SD 0.36) hours, respectively) than after I/V (0.49 (SD 0.07) and 0.66 (SD 0.16) hours, respectively) administration (p<0.05). Bioavailability after I/M injection of alfaxalone was 94.7 (SD 19.8)%. The mean intervals to sternal and lateral recumbency were longer in the I/M (3.73 (SD 1.99) and 6.12 (SD 0.90) minutes, respectively) compared to I/V (0 minutes for all animals) treated cats (p<0.01). Sedation scores indicative of general anaesthesia (scores >15) were recorded from 5–15 minutes after I/V administration and deep sedation (scores 11–15) at 20 and 30 minutes. Deep sedation was observed from 10–45 minutes after I/M administration. One cat from each group showed hyperkinesia during recovery, and the remainder had an uneventful recovery.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Alfaxalone administered I/V in cats provides rapid and smooth induction of anaesthesia. After I/M administration, a longer exposure to the drug and an extended half life were obtained compared to I/V administration. Therefore I/M administration of alfaxalone could be a reliable, suitable and easy route in cats, taking into account that alfaxalone has a slower onset of sedation than when given I/V and achieves deep sedation rather than general anaesthesia. 相似文献
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Identification and characterization of complete RTX operons in Moraxella bovoculi and Moraxella ovis
To determine if Moraxella bovoculi (M. bovoculi), a recently characterized coccoid Moraxella that was isolated from the eyes of calves affected with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), and Moraxella ovis (M. ovis), originally isolated from sheep with conjunctivitis, possessed genes encoding RTX proteins, genomic DNA was amplified with oligonucleotide primers targeting RTX operon genes of Moraxella bovis (M. bovis). Complete classical RTX operons composed of RTXCABD genes closely linked to a putative secretion accessory protein encoding gene (tolC) were identified in M. bovoculi and M. ovis and were designated mbvCABDtolC and movCABDtolC, respectively. These genes were closely related to M. bovis mbxCABDtolC. Polyclonal rabbit antiserum against the carboxy terminus of M. bovoculi MbvA neutralized hemolytic activity of both M. bovoculi and M. ovis; this antiserum did not neutralize the hemolytic activity of M. bovis. M. bovoculi and M. ovis possess genes that encode proteins related to pathogenic factors of M. bovis. 相似文献
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Köhler H Gyra H Zimmer K Dräger KG Burkert B Lemser B Hausleithner D Cubler K Klawonn W Hess RG 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2001,48(3):185-195
After immunization of four calves with a live modified Mycobacterium paratuberculosis vaccine the course of the humoral and cell mediated immune reactions was studied during a 2-year clinical investigation. Furthermore, the possibility of shedding of the vaccine strain and the influence of the vaccination on the tuberculin skin test was determined. In addition to standard procedures recently developed diagnostic methods (antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, interferon-gamma test, polymerase chain reaction) were used. A cell-mediated immune reaction, reflected in an increased, specifically induced, interferon-gamma production developed much earlier (1-2 weeks post-immunization) than humoral immunity (8-16 weeks post-gamma immunization). While the increase in antibody titres was transient, declining to extremely low levels 48-60 weeks post-immunization, cell-mediated immunity remained detectable until the end of the investigation. Spread of the vaccine strain into the body and shedding were never detected during the whole course of the study except for one colon site in one calf. As late as 2 years after vaccine application positive or doubtful skin reactions against M. bovis purified protein derivative were measured, reflecting possible interference of the immunization with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. At the end of the investigation, a positive cell-mediated immune reaction was detected the control animal although clinical, pathological and bacteriological examinations gave no indication for a mycobacterial infection. 相似文献
7.
In a feeding trial, rabbits allotted in 3 experimental groups were fed rations containing 2.09, 9.83 and 19.5 mg selenium/kg feed in the form of selenium-enriched alfalfa green meal pellets. The selenium enrichment was done by foliar application (spraying) of the 20--25 cm high plant stand with 2.5 kg SeO2 per hectare in watery solution. The control animals were given normal alfalfa green meal pellets of 0.16 ppm selenium content. Toxicity and lethality, tolerance limit and nutritive effect of the pellets were studied. Plant-assimilated selenium was found to be converted more efficiently by the animal organism than was selenium from inorganic compounds (higher retention rate, better gain in body weight and lower feed expenditure). Therefore, the selenium supply to farm animals should be improved by feeding crops that were given selenium dressings. 相似文献
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9.
A nine-year-old, intact female dalmatian with diabetes mellitus and a renal abscess is described. The renal abscess was treated surgically by nephrectomy, and the diabetes mellitus resolved with ovariohysterectomy. Abdominal ultrasound and ultrasound-guided aspiration of the abscess were helpful in establishing a diagnosis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a renal abscess in a dog with diabetes mellitus. 相似文献
10.
Bottger JD Hess BW Alexander BM Hixon DL Woodardt LF Funston RN Hallford DM Moss GE 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(8):2023-2030
Primiparous Angus x Gelbvieh (n = 36) rotationally crossed beef cows (initial BW = 487.9 +/- 10.5 kg, body condition score = 5.5 +/- 0.02) were utilized to determine effects of supplemental safflower seeds high in linoleic (76% 18:2) or oleic (72% 18:1) acid on cow BW change, body condition score, milk production and composition, calf weight gain, cow serum metabolites, and metabolic hormones. On d 3 postpartum, cows were randomly assigned to one of three isonitrogenous dietary supplements with equal total quantity of TDN: corn-soybean control supplement (n = 12); high-linoleate safflower seeds (n = 12); or high-oleate safflower seeds (n = 12). Safflower-seed supplements were formulated to provide 5% DMI as fat. Supplements were individually fed from d 3 postpartum through 90 d postpartum. Cows had ad libitum access to native grass hay (7.8% CP), trace-mineralized salt, and water. Date of parturition was evenly distributed across treatments with all cows calving within 14 +/- 0.8 d. There were no differences (P = 0.65) in total OM intake among treatments. Although cow BW change did not differ (P = 0.33) by treatment, supplementation influenced cow body condition score (P = 0.02) with linoleate-supple-mented cows in higher (P = 0.005) condition overall than oleate-supplemented cows (5.1 +/- 0.06 vs 4.9 +/- 0.06). Twenty-four-hour milk production did not differ (P = 0.68) among treatments. Percentage milk fat was not different at d 30; however, at d 60 and d 90 percentage milk fat was greater (P ( 0.05) in control and oleate-supplemented cows than in linoleate-supplemented cows. Calf BW gains (P = 0.27) and adjusted 205-d weights (P = 0.48) were not affected by supplement treatment. Supplementation did not influence serum concentrations of glucose (P = 0.38), NEFA (P = 0.61), GH (P = 0.29), IGF-I (P = 0.81), insulin (P = 0.26), or IGF-I binding proteins (P > or = 0.11). Days to conception did not differ (P = 0.40) among treatments. Although overall productivity of the primiparous cows and their calves was not altered by safflower-seed supplementation, differential effects were noted between supplements. Oleate supplementation increased percentage milk fat at d 60, and cow body condition score was lower than in linoleate-supplemented cows. Linoleate-supplemented cows had greater body condition scores by 90 d postpartum than either corn-soybean- or oleatesupplemented cows. 相似文献