Effects of an induced pause in egg production and supplementation of the diet with iron on egg shell colour,quality and performance of brown egg layers     

H. Karunajeewa  S. Abu‐Serewa  Pamela A. Harris 《British poultry science》1989,30(2):257-264

1. A pause in egg production was induced in brown‐egg laying hens, aged 68 weeks, by feeding them whole oats for 7 d. Subsequently, these hens, together with control groups, were given laying diets with either 400 or 600 mg/kg iron. The 200 mg/kg of supplemental iron was added in the form of either ferrous sulphate or iron proteinate (chelated iron).

2. The feeding of whole oats halted egg production in 5.7 ±0.22 d and the duration of the pause was 8.3 ±0.78 d.

3. The induction of a pause improved the subsequent rate of egg production, egg output, efficiency of food utilisation, albumen quality, egg specific gravity and shell colour. It also increased food intake and body weight gain but neither egg weight nor the rate of mortality were affected.

4. Neither supplementation of the diet with iron nor its source had any significant effect on laying performance, egg quality or shell colour.  相似文献   

A study on bluetongue virus infection in Saudi Arabia using sentinel ruminants     

Abu Elzein EM  Aitchison H  al-Afaleq AI  al-Bashir AM  Ibrahim AO  Housawi FM 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1998,65(4):243-251

Four sentinel herds comprising cattle, sheep and goats were established at various localities in Saudi Arabia. Maternal bluetongue antibodies were detected in all four sentinel herds but disappeared in 4-6 months, immediately followed by seroconversion in all. Serological results indicated that the animals were recently exposed to BT virus serotypes 10, 12, 15 and 20. The epidemiology of the disease in Saudi Arabia is discussed.  相似文献   

Jahreszeitliche Populationsschwankungen vonCeratitis capitata Wied. in Jordanien     

I. K. Abu Yaman 《Journal of pest science》1966,39(9):136-140

Zusammenfassung Ceratitis capitata Wied. ist der wichtigste Schädling, der in Jordanien Citrus und Steinfrüchte befällt. Es wird ein Befall von 20–25% für Citrus, 91% für Pfirsich, 55% für Aprikose und 15% für Pflaume geschätzt.Populationsstudien wurden in den Jahren 1960 und 1961 in vier Gebieten durchgeführt. An Citrus traten vier Generationen auf, an Pfirsich, Aprikose und Pflaume zwei Generationen. Es wird das erste Erscheinen der ersten Generation an den einzelnen Fruchtarten angeführt. Das Geschlechterverhältnis war 1 : 1. Die erhaltenen Resultate werden zu den entsprechenden Faktoren in Beziehung gebracht.Der Autor dankt dem Wissenschaftlichen Direktor vielmals für alle Unterstützung während der Arbeit. Besonderer Dank gebührt meinen Kollegen Mr.A. Arafat, Mr.J. Qasim und MissC. Sudah für ihre wertvolle Hilfe. Die Direktoren und Superintendenten der Landwirtschaftlichen Stationen in Tulkarm, Fara'a, Arroub und Jubeiha gewährten jede Hilfe.  相似文献   

Food choice and reproductive success of Folsomia candida feeding on copper-contaminated mycelium of the soil fungus Alternaria alternata     

Susanne P. Pfeffer  Hind Khalili 《Pedobiologia》2010,54(1):19-23

We examined collembolan food preference for fungal mycelium grown on copper-contaminated medium, and the relationship between copper content, food selectivity and collembolan fitness when fed contaminated mycelium.To clarify whether collembolan food selectivity is related to fitness parameters, Folsomia candida were fed mycelium of the dark-pigmented fungus Alternaria alternata grown on medium with different copper concentrations. Copper-contaminated food (fungus grown on 50, 125, 250 and 500 μg Cu g⁻¹ medium, fresh wt.) was offered together with untreated food for 4 weeks. F. candida fed selectively on the provided mycelium and discriminated clearly between mycelium grown on high and low levels of contamination, distinctly preferring fungus grown on medium with a total copper concentration of 50 and 125 μg g⁻¹. In contrast, fungus grown on highly contaminated medium (250 and 500 μg g⁻¹) was avoided. Collembolan food preference generally matched fitness parameters. Reproduction was significantly affected by the total copper concentration of the fungal growth medium. When fed their preferred mycelium, collembolan reproduction was enhanced, whereas a diet of highly contaminated mycelium (250 or 500 μg g⁻¹) resulted in a strong decrease in reproduction. Adult survival was affected only marginally. Even though heavy metal contamination is a potential stress factor for many soil microarthropods, F. candida is able to discriminate between high and low quality food sources, and even benefits from moderately elevated copper concentrations.  相似文献   

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease in Saudi Arabia.     

E M Abu Elzein  A I al-Afaleq 《The Veterinary record》1999,144(17):480-481

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Pathogenicity of recent bluetongue virus isolates for sudanese cattle     

A. O. Fayza  M. H. Tag El Din  I. Hajer  E. M. E. Abu El Zein 《Tropical animal health and production》1990,22(3):170-170

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Assessment of natural regeneration status and diversity of tree species in the biodiversity conservation areas of Northeastern Bangladesh     

Md. Habibur Rahman  Md. Abu Sayed Arfin Khan  Bishwajit Roy  Most. Jannatul Fardusi 《林业研究》2011,22(4):551-559

A study was conducted at two-biodiversity conservation areas of Northeastern Bangladesh (a part of Sylhet Forest Division) to assess the species composition, diversity and density of natural regeneration of tree species both indigenous and exotic species. Data were collected by stratified random quadrate method during January 2010 to July 2010. Totally 200 circular plots of 2 m×2 m in size had 5 different habitat types of plants namely; forest, roadside, homestead (surrounding forest dwellers house), fallow land and others (canals, streams and tea gardens side), which included a total of 55 regenerating species belonging to 28 families. Meliaceae is the dominant family and shows the highest family importance value (26.3), having six species, followed by Moraceae (24.24). Among the five habitat types, forest (43 species) possess the highest number of species, followed by roadside (23 species). Total 15 exotic species among 9 families and 40 indigenous species with 24 families were recorded. For exotic species, Tectona grandis possess the highest relative density (11.7%) and relative frequency (10.5%); Senna siamea had highest relative abundance (7.83%). In case of indigenous species, Chickrassia tabularis possess the highest relative density (4.23%) and relative frequency (4%); Dipterocarpus turbinatus had the highest relative abundance (3.92%). Tectona grandis (29.66) and Chickrassia tabularis (10.8) had the highest IVI for exotic and indigenous species respectively. Different diversity indices such as Shanon-Winner diversity index, species diversity index, species richness index, species evenness index, Simpson index and species dominance index, etc. were applied to quantify definite diversity. The regeneration of species associated with low levels of disturbance was in the exotic species. Study suggests that proper protection from human disturbances and scientific management of natural regeneration of two-study forests may lead a rich biodiversity site in the country.  相似文献   

Food choice and reproductive success of Folsomia candida feeding on copper-contaminated mycelium of the soil fungus Alternaria alternata     

Susanne P. Pfeffer  Hind Khalili  Juliane Filser 《Pedobiologia》2011,54(1):19-23

We examined collembolan food preference for fungal mycelium grown on copper-contaminated medium, and the relationship between copper content, food selectivity and collembolan fitness when fed contaminated mycelium.To clarify whether collembolan food selectivity is related to fitness parameters, Folsomia candida were fed mycelium of the dark-pigmented fungus Alternaria alternata grown on medium with different copper concentrations. Copper-contaminated food (fungus grown on 50, 125, 250 and 500 μg Cu g^?1 medium, fresh wt.) was offered together with untreated food for 4 weeks. F. candida fed selectively on the provided mycelium and discriminated clearly between mycelium grown on high and low levels of contamination, distinctly preferring fungus grown on medium with a total copper concentration of 50 and 125 μg g^?1. In contrast, fungus grown on highly contaminated medium (250 and 500 μg g^?1) was avoided. Collembolan food preference generally matched fitness parameters. Reproduction was significantly affected by the total copper concentration of the fungal growth medium. When fed their preferred mycelium, collembolan reproduction was enhanced, whereas a diet of highly contaminated mycelium (250 or 500 μg g^?1) resulted in a strong decrease in reproduction. Adult survival was affected only marginally. Even though heavy metal contamination is a potential stress factor for many soil microarthropods, F. candida is able to discriminate between high and low quality food sources, and even benefits from moderately elevated copper concentrations.  相似文献   

PCR-SSCP analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> diversity in asparagus decline in Japan     

Abu Shamim Mohammad Nahiyan  Louisa Robinson Boyer  Peter Jeffries  Yoh-ichi Matsubara 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(2):197-203

The diversity of Fusarium populations in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) decline fields in Japan was estimated by PCR-SSCP (single-stranded conformational polymorphism) analysis of the ITS2 regions of the nuclear rRNA genes. This method was used to rapidly and objectively identify pathogens associated with roots of plants showing symptoms of asparagus decline collected from fields in five regions across Japan. Over 651 fusarial isolates were obtained, and were easily differentiated into three principal species. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi was most frequently isolated from the domestic five regions (68%), whereas Fusarium proliferatum (28.6%) was less frequent. Fusarium solani was found much rarely (2.5%). The frequency of isolation of Fusarium proliferatum increased gradually from the north to the south of Japan, though considerable differences were found between fields in each region, as well as regional differences among the Fusarium populations. Most of the fusarial isolates were highly pathogenic in vitro. These results reveal that Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and Fusarium proliferatum are important biotic factors which lead to asparagus decline in Japan.  相似文献   

Study on furundu, a traditional Sudanese fermented roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seed: effect on in vitro protein digestibility, chemical composition, and functional properties of the total proteins     

Yagoub Ael-G  Mohamed BE  Ahmed AH  El Tinay AH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(20):6143-6150

Furundu, a meat substitute, is traditionally prepared by cooking the karkade (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seed and then fermenting it for 9 days. Physicochemical and functional properties of raw and cooked seed and of furundu ferments were analyzed. Furundu preparation resulted in significant changes in karkade seed major nutrients. Total polyphenols and phytic acid were also reduced. The increase in total acidity and fat acidity coupled with a decrease in pH indicates microbial hydrolysis of the major nutrients; proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. In vitro digestibility of the seed proteins reached the maximum value (82.7%) at the sixth day of fermentation, but thereafter it significantly decreased. The effect of furundu preparation on N solubility profiles and functional properties, such as emulsification and foaming properties and other related parameters, is investigated in water and in 1 M NaCl extracts from defatted flour samples. The results show that cooking followed by fermentation affects proteins solubility in water and 1 M NaCl. The foaming capacity (FC) from the flour of raw seed decreased as a result of cooking. Fermentation for 9 days significantly increased the FC of the cooked seed, restoring the inherent value. Foam from fermented samples collapsed more rapidly during a period of 120 min as compared to the foam from raw and cooked karkade seeds; stability in 1 M NaCl was lower as compared to those in water. In water, the emulsion stability (ES) from the fermented samples was significantly higher than that of the raw seed flour. Addition of 1 M NaCl significantly decreased the ES of the fermented samples.  相似文献