Studies on the cowpox-like disease outbreak in Hokkaido, Japan. II. Properties and identification of the isolates     

M Soekawa  H Izawa  H Iwabuchi  K Matsumoto  K Takahashi 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1964,26(6):295-314

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Effect of cyclodextrin diallyl maleate on methane production, ruminal fermentation and microbes in vitro and in vivo   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zeenat Ara LILA  Nazimuddin MOHAMMED  Noriko TATSUOKA  Shuhei KANDA  Yuzo KUROKAWA  Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(1):15-22

Effects of β‐cyclodextrin diallyl maleate (CD‐M) on methane production, ruminal fermentation and digestibility were studied both in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro study, diluted ruminal fluid (30 mL) was incubated anaerobically at 38°C for 6 and 24 h with or without CD‐M using hay plus concentrate (1.5:1) as a substrate. The CD‐M was added at different concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g/L). The pH of the medium and numbers of protozoa were not affected by the addition of CD‐M. Total volatile fatty acids were increased and ammonia‐N was decreased, molar proportion of acetate was decreased and propionate was increased (P < 0.05) by CD‐M. Methane was inhibited (P < 0.05) by 14–76%. The effect of CD‐M on methane production and ruminal fermentation was further investigated in vivo using four Holstein steers in a cross‐over design. The steers were fed Sudangrass hay and concentrate mixture (1.5:1) with or without CD‐M (2% of feed dry matter) as a supplement. Ruminal proportion of acetate tended to decrease and that of propionate was increased (P < 0.05) 2 h after CD‐M dosing. Total viable counts, cellulolytic, sulfate reducing, acetogenic bacteria and protozoa were unaffected while methanogenic bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05) by CD‐M. The plasma concentration of glucose was increased, whereas that of urea‐N was decreased (P < 0.05). Methane was inhibited (P < 0.05) from 36.4 to 30.1 L/kg dry matter intake by the addition of CD‐M. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber were not affected while that of crude protein was increased (P < 0.05) in the medicated steers. These data suggested that dietary supplementation of CD‐M decreased methane production and improved nutrient use.  相似文献   

Effects of cyclodextrin-iodopropane complex on methane production, ruminal fermentation and microbes, digestibility and blood metabolites in steers     

Nazimuddin MOHAMMED  Zeenat Ara LILA  Noriko TATSUOKA  Koji HARA  Katsuhiko MIKUNI  Kozo HARA  Shuhei KANDA  Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(2):131-137

The effects when adding cyclodextrin‐iodopropane complex (CD‐IP) to a diet, on ruminal fermentation and microbes, digestibility, blood metabolites and methane production, were evaluated using four Holstein steers in a cross‐over design. The steers were fed Sudangrass hay plus concentrate mixture at a ratio 1.5:1, and CD‐IP (1% of dry matter) was given twice daily by mixing with concentrate mixture. Rumen and blood samples were collected at 0, 2, and 5 h after morning dosing. Ruminal pH and numbers of protozoa were unaffected by CD‐IP treatment. Ruminal molar proportion of acetate was decreased (P < 0.05), and propionate was increased (P < 0.01) at 2 h after CD‐IP dosing. Proportion of butyrate was increased (P < 0.05) and ammonia‐N was decreased (P < 0.05) at 2 and 5 h after CD‐IP dosing. Adding CD‐IP had no effect on the feed intake and digestion of nutrients. Plasma glucose was increased and urea‐N was decreased (P < 0.05) at 2 and 5 h after CD‐IP dosing. Methane production was decreased (P < 0.05) by approximately 18% in the treatment steers. Numbers of methanogenic bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05), while total viable counts, cellulolytic, sulfate reducing and acetogenic bacteria were unaffected. The present results are the first to show that CD‐IP can partially inhibit in vivo ruminal methanogenesis without adverse effects on digestion of nutrients.  相似文献   

奶牛日粮中添加瘤胃保护γ-亚麻酸制剂对血液和乳中γ-亚麻酸含量的影响     

张凤梅  吐日根白乙拉  板橋久雄 《中国草食动物》2005,25(5):9-11

连用5头经产荷斯坦泌乳中期奶牛，日粮中添加瘤胃保护γ-亚麻酸制剂（RPGLA），通过比较添加前后血浆和乳中γ-亚麻酸（GLA）含量变化，探讨了RPGLA的添加对血液和乳中γ-亚麻酸含量的影响。RPGLA中含有脂肪52．5％和γ-亚麻酸3．5％。每天分别早晚两次饲喂150gRPGLA，试验期间的日粮和饲养管理是一致的。添加前测定一次血浆和乳中GLA含量．添加后测定了5次。结果显示：RPGLA添加后血液中GLA含量显著提高（P〈0．05）。添加前乳中GLA含量（mg／kg）及其产量（mg/d）分别为11．5和310．3，而添加后第4、9、14、19、22天分别为25．7、19．0、26．3、24．8、27．7和663．0、493．1、737．7、705．0、769．7．均显著增加（P〈0．05）。以上结果表明：泌乳牛日粮中添加瘤胃保护γ-亚麻酸可大幅度提高血浆和乳中γ-亚麻酸含量。  相似文献   

Effects of diesel exhaust particles on the male reproductive system in strains of mice with different aryl hydrocarbon receptor responsiveness   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Izawa H  Kohara M  Watanabe G  Taya K  Sagai M 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(6):1191-1197

Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) that bind to aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) and decrease sperm production. Since it is not clear if AhR mediates DEP toxicity, we investigated the effect of DEPs in four strains of mice that have different AhR responsiveness. We treated BALB/c, C57BL/6, ICR and DBA/2 mice with DEP suspensions and compared their toxicity in each strain. In both the vehicle- and DEP-treated groups, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, as an indirect index of AhR activity, was increased in the order of BALB/c > C57BL/6 > ICR > DBA/2. Only BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice had significantly lower daily sperm production (DSP) than vehicle-treated mice. All strains exhibited increased sperm abnormalities. In particular, the C57BL/6, ICR and DBA/2 mice exhibited significantly increased abnormalities. A significant correlation was found between EROD activity and DSP or incidence of morphologically abnormal sperm. These data suggest that DEP toxicity may affect the male reproductive system in an AhR-dependent manner.  相似文献   

A GIS-aided two-phase grey fuzzy optimization model for nonpoint source pollution control in a small watershed     

Shigeya Maeda  Hisao Kuroda  Koshi Yoshida  Kenji Tanaka 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(2):263-276

A method for allocating allowable ranges of total nitrogen (TN) load to nonpoint (diffuse pollution) sources in a watershed has been developed by adopting the two-phase grey fuzzy optimization approach. Competing goals of water quality management authorities and TN load dischargers at nonpoint sources such as paddy field, upland crop field, and residential area are described with linear imprecise membership functions including interval numbers. TN load discharged from each cell of the nonpoint sources is assumed to be transported along with surface, subsurface, and river flow under the conventional first-order kinetic removal with respect to distance. The travel length of the load is estimated with a digital elevation model in a geographic information system (GIS). Uncertainty of river discharge and self-purification coefficients appearing in the TN transport model is also expressed with interval numbers. The GIS-aided grey fuzzy optimization model developed here is applied to the Seimei River watershed, Japan. By solving the optimization model, the allowable load represented by an interval number at each cell is procured, which would be a scientific base for effluent control regarding nonpoint sources in the area.  相似文献   

Combination of lipids and emulsifiers enhances the absorption of orally administered quercetin in rats     

Azuma K  Ippoushi K  Ito H  Higashio H  Terao J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(6):1706-1712

The effects of lipids, emulsifiers, and ethanol on the absorption of orally administered quercetin in rats were investigated for its efficient intestinal absorption. Rats were administered 150 micromol/kg quercetin in water supplemented with lipids and/or emulsifiers, or ethanol, and blood was collected from the tail for 6 h after administration. Co-administration of lipids such as lecithin and soybean oil or emulsifiers including sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerol fatty acid ester, and sodium taurocholate had no statistically significant effects on quercetin absorption, although these constituents rather increased the accumulation of conjugated forms of quercetin and those of isorhamnetin in rat plasma. However, the combination of lipids and emulsifiers enhanced the absorption of quercetin significantly. Thirty and fifty percent (v/v) of the ethanol in the vehicle raised the efficiency of quercetin absorption in a concentration-dependent manner. Quercetin absorption-enhancing effects of these constituents seemed to be affected by quercetin's solubility in respective vehicles used for the administration. Ethanol is not helpful for the effective absorption of quercetin, as a high concentration is required. In conclusion, a combination of lipids and emulsifiers is necessary for enhancing quercetin absorption.  相似文献   

Proportions of melanocyte stimulating hormone-immunoreactive cells in the adenohypophysis of Silky fowl and hyperpigmentation-free cockerels     

Shotaro NISHIMURA  Hitomi SHIMODA  Ichiro OSHIMA  Yoshitaka ONO  Kaoru OKANO  Akira ISHIBASHI  Shoji TABATA  Hisao IWAMOTO 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(6):575-579

Alpha‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) is one of the main regulators for melanocytes, and the adenohypophysis is one of the major tissues for the synthesis of this hormone. The Silky fowl is a characteristic breed of chicken with hyperpigmentation throughout the body. The involvement of the adenohypophysis in the hyperpigmentation of this breed is not known. In the present study, the proportion of melanocyte stimulating hormone‐immunopositive cells (MSH cells) in the adenohypophysis was immunocytochemically compared between Silky, Red Cornish × New Hampshire (RN) crossbred and Japanese bantam cockerels at 15 weeks of age. After the body and gland were weighed, the adenohypophyseal cells were enzymatically dispersed and immunostained for α‐MSH, and the immunopositive MSH cells were counted. The weights of the body and adenohypophysis were heaviest in the RN crossbred, followed by the Silky and lightest in the bantam cockerels. In contrast, the ratio between adenohypophysis and bodyweight was much larger in the Silky and the bantam than in the RN crossbreed (P < 0.05). The population of MSH cells in the adenohypophysis was larger in the Silky (14.3%) than in the RN crossbreed (8.0%) and the bantam (8.1%) cockerels (P < 0.05). From these results, it was concluded that prepubertal Silky cockerel have numerous MSH cells in the adenohypophysis suggesting a relationship to hyperpigmentation.  相似文献   

Multidrug Resistance in Botrytis cinerea Associated with Decreased Accumulation of the Azole Fungicide Oxpoconazole and Increased Transcription of the ABC Transporter Gene BcatrD     

Keisuke Hayashi  Henk-jan Schoonbeek  Hisao Sugiura  Maarten A. De Waard 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2001,70(3):168

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A Pathological Study on Calves with Arthrogryposis and Hydranencephaly     

R. Moriguchi  H. Izawa  M. Soekawa 《Zoonoses and public health》1976,23(3):190-199

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