The effect of pregnancy and lactation on digestive processes in sheep     

A Dittrich  C Geissler  M Hoffmann 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1989,39(6):563-573

The average passage time, the rumen fluid volume and the digestibility of the organic matter were determined in addition to 3 individual feeding experiments with fertility oriented crossbreed ewes, which received pelleted straw-concentrate mixtures. The average passage time of the feed particles through the digestive tract is shorter in pregnant animals than in lactating ones. It is longest in non-pregnant sheep. High quotas of straw and coarse particles prolong the passage time, increasing feed intake and supplements of long straw shorten it. The volume of rumen fluid is lower in ewes fed ad libitum in the stage of late pregnancy and after lactation than during lactation. The rumen fluid volume is also lower in restrictively fed animals during the stage of late pregnancy than during lactation. In animals in the stage of late pregnancy it correlates negatively with the weight of the litter. On an average of all experiments at maintenance level the digestibility of the organic matter in ewes in the 4th month of pregnancy gravidity amounted to 56.6%, in the 2nd month of lactation to 59.8% and in wethers to 59.5% Due to an increase of energy intake from maintenance to 2. maintenance digestibility of the straw-concentrate mixture with 40% straw decreased by 5.5 units and of that with 60% straw by 17.8 units in the period before delivery. Pregnancy in the 4th month resulted in a digestion depression of between 3.0 and 5.8 units.  相似文献   

The relationships between the internal and external pelvic measurements of Schwartzbunt cows]     

O Weiher  G Hoffmann  D Sass 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1992,99(11):452-454

1118 Friesian cows and 101 Friesian heifers were investigated in internal pelvic measurements and their relationships to external measurements. The mean of the pelvic vertical and the medium diagonally diameter of the pelvis are 19.8 cm and 18.3 cm. 363.9 square centimetres and 76.3 centimetres were found for the pelvic surface and pelvic circumference. The difference between the biggest and smallest pelvis was 295.0 square centimetres. Medium to high coefficiences of correlation were detected between the internal pelvic measurements but relationships between internal and external pelvic measurements were low. From determined external pelvic measurements only the hip breadth provides usefull informations of the pelvic shape.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical Detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae in Formalin‐Fixed,Paraffin‐Embedded Tissues from Naturally and Experimentally Infected Goats     

F. RODRÍGUEZ  G. A. RAMÍREZ  A. S. RAMÍREZ  H. J. BALL  A. ESPINOSA DE LOS MONTEROS  A. FERNNDEZ 《Zoonoses and public health》2002,49(5):226-229

Samples from the mammary tissue of 14 lactating goats (12 naturally infected and two experimentally infected) were examined for the presence of Mycoplasma agalactiae. A monoclonal antibody (5G12) was applied to formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐wax‐embedded sections and labelled by the avidin–biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Histological examination of tissue sections revealed strong immunoreactivity in all animals included in the study. Mycoplasma agalactiae antigen was mainly detected in the cellular debris at the periphery of purulent exudates present within lactiferous sinuses, and lactiferous and interlobular ducts. In addition, M. agalactiae organisms appeared in the cytoplasm of the epithelium of ducts, and in infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils within the ducts, alveoli, interstitial tissue and regional lymph node sinuses. It is concluded that this monoclonal antibody‐based immunohistochemical technique is an efficient and specific method for the post‐mortem detection of M. agalactiae in cases of clinical mastitis as well as being a useful tool for the study of the route of infection and cellular types involved during mastitis caused by this organism.  相似文献   

Mathematical physics: gravitational physics of stellar and galactic systems     

DE Zeeuw T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,232(4751):778-779

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CIBA-GEIGY Origins     

DE Bruyne NA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,228(4706):1385

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Diagnostic value of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in horse serum     

Hoffmann WE  Dorner JL  Morris H 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1983,12(2):33-38

Antiserum directed against equine intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was produced in rabbits and used to develop a sensitive and quantitative assay for the detection of intestinal ALP in equine serum. This assay was then used to measure the half-life of intravenously injected intestinal ALP and to determine if the intestinal ALP was present in normal horse sera, sera from horses presented for lesions not involving the gastrointestinal tract and sera from horses presented with lesions involving the gastrointestinal tract. The results suggest that intestinal ALP is not likely to appear in equine serum even when gastrointestinal disease is present and, therefore, appears to be of no diagnostic value.  相似文献   

CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TWO NEW HERBICIDES—IOXYNIL AND BROMOXYNIL     

K. CARPENTER  HELEN J. COTTRELL  W. H. DE  SILVA  B. J. HEYWOOD  W. G. LEEDS  K. F. RIVETT  MARGERY L. SOUNDY 《Weed Research》1964,4(3):175-195

Summary. The preparation of ioxynil, bromoxynil, and their salts is described, and information on solubilities and stability to storage is summarized. Although the toxicology of the herbicides is to be reported in greater detail, a preliminary statement is made here. Evidence of herbicidat activity under glasshouse conditions is indicated briefly, and supports the conclusion that both compounds are effective when applied to the foliage of a wide range of dicotyledon weed species. Seedlings of some weed species resistant to the phenoxy alkanoic acids are controlled under glasshouse conditions at doses as low as 0.125 lb/ac, and ioxynil has a wider range of activity than bromoxynil at these low doses. Graminaceous species tolerate 4–8 lb/ac of both herbicides without injury, and certain leguminous crops tolerate one or other herbicide at doses of 0.5–0.75 lb/ac. The contact action of the herbicides is rapid, there are also slower systemic effects, and seed germination is inhibited. In susceptible species the level of post-emergence activity is shown to be influenced by the growth stage of the weed, the distribution of herbicide on the foliage, and environmental factors of which light intensity appears to be most important.
Propriétés chimiques et biologiques de deux nouveaux herbicides: ioxynil et bromoxynil  相似文献   

Determination of progesterone directly in milk fat as an improved method for fertility control in cattle     

Hoffmann B  Hamburger R  Hollwich W 《Zuchthygiene》1977,12(1):1-7

A simple and reliable method for the determination of progesterone in milk fat by radioimmunoassay has been developed. Application of the assay under field conditions has shown that all samples diagnosed " questionable" in the former milk progesterone test (MPT) could be characterized as positive or negative. Thus the total figure of animals daignosed correctly rose from 72.3% to 85.8%. The borderlines (ng progesterone / 10 mcl milk fat) set up for this assay were (1) pregnant and (1) nonpregnant (Day 20) and (.3) in estrus and (.3) not in estrus ( Day 0). Within the application for diagnosis of pregnancy, 81.4% were diagnosed correctly as pregnant while 96.3% were diagnosed correctly as not pregnant. The latter figure is somewhat lower than in the MPT (100%), but under the practical conditions the error lies within the range of false diagnosis due to problems with sample identification.  相似文献   

30 years of swine health services in Bavaria     

H Hoffmann 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,97(1):24-26

A Pig Health Service in Bavaria was established in 1958, there was one veterinary-officer working. The department Pig-Health Service of the "Tiergesundheitsdienst Bayern" has twenty-one veterinary-officers now. They mostly are working in the pig health scheme, doing stress susceptibility test, giving advice and expert evidence.  相似文献   

Anatomical distribution of T- and B-lymphocytes in Marek's disease--an immunohistochemical study     

Hoffmann-Fezer G  Hoffmann R 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1980,1(2):113-123

Neural lesions of Marek's disease, Marek's disease tumours in the ovary, liver, and kidney, as well as spleen and bursa of Fabricii of chickens bearing Marek's disease tumorous infiltrations, were examined by a new immunohistochemical technique basing upon Sternbergers unlabelled antibody enzyme method which allows the exact localization of lymphoid cells based on their surface antigens. Type C neural lesions contained T-lymphocytes almost exclusively. Type B neural lesions had relatively high proportions of T- and B-lymphocytes, and severe type A neural lesions possessed one part of heavily labelled T-lymphocytes and a number of cells stained weakly by rabbit-anti-chicken-T-cell-globulin. Tumorous infiltrations had similar characteristics as type A neural lesions. Spleen and interfollicular spaces of bursa of Fabricius were infiltrated by T-lymphocytes.  相似文献