Pronuclear Embryo Yield in Canindé and Saanen Goats for DNA Microinjection     

RR Moura  ES Lopes‐Junior  DIA Teixeira  IA Serova  LE Andreeva  LM Melo  VJF Freitas 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):e101-e106

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of donor breed on pronuclear‐stage embryo yield to be used for DNA microinjection in a transgenesis goat program. Twelve Canindé and twelve Saanen goats were heat synchronized using a progestagen‐cloprostenol treatment. Forty‐eight hours before the sponge removal, superovulation was induced with a total administration of 4.4 mg/kg bodyweight NIH‐FSH‐P1, given twice daily in decreasing doses over 3 days. In addition, goats received 100 μg of GnRH and they were hand‐mated at 36 and 48 h after progestagen removal. Embryo recovery was performed by oviduct flushing at 72 h after sponge removal. Embryos were microinjected with a DNA construct and noticeable swelling of the nuclei was the criterion for successful microinjection. The total diameter, cytoplasm diameter, zona pellucida thickness and pronuclei diameter were measured for each microinjected embryo. A higher (p < 0.05) percentage of fertilized ova was observed in Canindé (89.9%) than Saanen (36.2%) goats. In addition, Canindé donors produced a higher percentage of pronuclear embryos when compared with Saanen: 72.5% vs 20.6% (p < 0.05), respectively. Successful microinjection was verified in 96.7% and 73.3% of times in Canindé and Saanen embryos, respectively (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed for all morphometric parameters except for cytoplasm diameter. In conclusion, under our study experimental conditions, Canindé were more efficient than Saanen goats concerning the pronuclear embryo yield and manipulation. The use of Canindé goats in transgenesis programs could be increase the interest in their breeding and could be contribute to saving them from extinction.  相似文献   

Soluble scute proteins of healthy and ill desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)     

Homer BL  Li C  Berry KH  Denslow ND  Jacobson ER  Sawyer RH  Williams JE 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(1):104-110

OBJECTIVES: To characterize protein composition of shell scute of desert tortoises and to determine whether detectable differences could be used to identify healthy tortoises from tortoises with certain illnesses. ANIMALS: 20 desert tortoises. PROCEDURES: Complete postmortem examinations were performed on all tortoises. Plastron scute proteins were solubilized, scute proteins were separated by use of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and proteins were analyzed, using densitometry. Two-dimensional immobilized pH gradient-PAGE (2D IPG-PAGE) and immunoblot analysis, using polyclonal antisera to chicken-feather beta keratin and to alligator-scale beta keratin, were conducted on representative samples. The 14-kd proteins were analyzed for amino acid composition. RESULTS: The SDS-PAGE and densitometry revealed 7 distinct bands, each with a mean relative protein concentration of > 1 %, ranging from 8 to 47 kd, and a major protein component of approximately 14 kd that constituted up to 75% of the scute protein. The 2D IPG-PAGE revealed additional distinct 62- and 68-kd protein bands. On immunoblot analysis, the 14-, 32-, and 45-kd proteins reacted with both antisera. The 14-kd proteins had an amino acid composition similar to that of chicken beta keratins. There was a substantial difference in the percentage of the major 14-kd proteins from scute of ill tortoises with normal appearing shells, compared with 14-kd proteins of healthy tortoises. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The major protein components of shell scute of desert tortoises have amino acid composition and antigenic features of beta keratins. Scute protein composition may be altered in tortoises with certain systemic illnesses.  相似文献   

Feline papillomas and papillomaviruses     

Sundberg JP  Van Ranst M  Montali R  Homer BL  Miller WH  Rowland PH  Scott DW  England JJ  Dunstan RW  Mikaelian I  Jenson AB 《Veterinary pathology》2000,37(1):1-10

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are highly species- and site-specific pathogens of stratified squamous epithelium. Although PV infections in the various Felidae are rarely reported, we identified productive infections in six cat species. PV-induced proliferative skin or mucous membrane lesions were confirmed by immunohistochemical screening for papillomavirus-specific capsid antigens. Seven monoclonal antibodies, each of which reacts with an immunodominant antigenic determinant of the bovine papillomavirus L1 gene product, revealed that feline PV capsid epitopes were conserved to various degrees. This battery of monoclonal antibodies established differential expression patterns among cutaneous and oral PVs of snow leopards and domestic cats, suggesting that they represent distinct viruses. Clinically, the lesions in all species and anatomic sites were locally extensive and frequently multiple. Histologically, the areas of epidermal hyperplasia were flat with a similarity to benign tumors induced by cutaneotropic, carcinogenic PVs in immunosuppressed human patients. Limited restriction endonuclease analyses of viral genomic DNA confirmed the variability among three viral genomes recovered from available frozen tissue. Because most previous PV isolates have been species specific, these studies suggest that at least eight different cat papillomaviruses infect the oral cavity (tentative designations: Asian lion, Panthera leo, P1PV; snow leopard, Panthera uncia, PuPV-1; bobcat, Felis rufus, FrPV; Florida panther, Felis concolor, FcPV; clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, NnPV; and domestic cat, Felis domesticus, FdPV-2) or skin (domestic cat, F. domesticus, FdPV-1; and snow leopard, P. uncia, PuPV-2).  相似文献   

Seed dormancy and germination in the summer annual Galeopsis speciosa     

LM KARLSSON  JAL ERICSSON  & P MILBERG 《Weed Research》2006,46(5):353-361

This study examined germination and dormancy in Galeopsis speciosa (Lamiaceae), a common summer annual weed in cold‐temperate areas. Seeds collected in southern Sweden were subjected to several experiments. The seeds were dormant at maturity. Seeds sown outdoors after collection produced a small number of seedlings that emerged early in the spring. After long cold stratification or stratification outdoors over two winters, the maximum germination was 40–50%; germination occurring over a wide range of temperatures. Warm stratification preceding cold stratification had no effect on germination, but repeated warm and cold periods seemed to promote germination. Gibberellic acid (GA) stimulated germination, but full germination was only achieved after more than 2 months of incubation at the most suitable temperature regime tested. Excised embryos grew and developed into normal seedlings. With these results, the species does not fit into the currently used system for seed dormancy classifications. The response to GA and the growth of excised embryos indicate non‐deep or intermediate physiological dormancy, but dormancy alleviation by stratification was not in line with the guiding principles for these classifications. Galeopsis speciosa has a strong dormancy that is sufficiently alleviated during the winter to allow germination of only part of a seed batch each year; hence a stepwise germination pattern occurs over a period of several years.  相似文献   

The Equine Manual     

LM Begg 《Australian veterinary journal》2006,84(8):300-300

  相似文献   

Lymphocystis disease in captive barramundi     

M PEARCE  JD HUMPHREY  AD HYATT  LM WILLIAMS 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(4):144-145

  相似文献   

Cranial teratomas in two domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus).     

B L Homer  M W Riggs 《Avian diseases》1991,35(4):994-998

Teratomas are rare tumors in domestic fowl, and none have been reported in the cranial area of ducks. Clinical signs and gross and microscopic findings associated with a cranial teratoma in two domestic ducks are reported. One tumor arose within the cranial vault and was associated with neurologic signs. The other tumor was subcutaneous and invaded the parietal bone but did not extend into the brain. Both tumors were tridermic.  相似文献   

Histomoniasis in Leghorn pullets on a Florida farm     

B L Homer  G D Butcher 《Avian diseases》1991,35(3):621-624

Recurrent outbreaks of histomoniasis in flocks of 4-to-6-week-old white leghorn pullets is reported. In a typical outbreak, 5% of the pullets were stunted and listless with unkempt feathers. Mortality ranged from 2 to 3%, and the cull rate was approximately 2%. Ceca of affected chickens contained caseous cores. Histological examination of the ceca revealed fibrinonecrotic ulcerative granulomatous typhlitis associated with numerous histomonad trophozoites in the cecal wall. The outbreaks of histomoniasis were associated with heavy parasitism of pullets by Heterakis gallinarum. Litter had not been completely removed from the houses for the past 10 years, providing a constant source of Histomonas-infected larvated Heterakis ova.  相似文献   

Acidic mammalian chitinase in asthmatic Th2 inflammation and IL-13 pathway activation     

Zhu Z  Zheng T  Homer RJ  Kim YK  Chen NY  Cohn L  Hamid Q  Elias JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5677):1678-1682

Chitin is a surface component of parasites and insects, and chitinases are induced in lower life forms during infections with these agents. Although chitin itself does not exist in humans, chitinases are present in the human genome. We show here that acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is induced via a T helper-2 (Th2)-specific, interleukin-13 (IL-13)-mediated pathway in epithelial cells and macrophages in an aeroallergen asthma model and expressed in exaggerated quantities in human asthma. AMCase neutralization ameliorated Th2 inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, in part by inhibiting IL-13 pathway activation and chemokine induction. AMCase may thus be an important mediator of IL-13-induced responses in Th2-dominated disorders such as asthma.  相似文献   

Chronic effects of reduced dissolved oxygen on Daphnia magna     

David H. Homer  William T. Waller 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1983,20(1):23-28

Daphnia magna, initially exposed when less than 48 h old, were maintained at reduced dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations for 26 days. Exposure was accomplished in a continuous flow recirculating water system. Number of days to first brood, number of young in the first brood, total number of young produced, and dry weight were parameters measured. Statistical analyses show the Daphnia exposed to the lowest DO concentration tested (1.8 mg l^?1) had significantly reduced responses for all parameters measured. In addition, the organisms exposed to 2.7 mg l^?1 O₂ gained less weight than did the controls.  相似文献