Parapoxvirus infections in New Zealand farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus)     

Horner GW  Robinson AJ  Hunter R  Cox BT  Smith R 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1987,35(4):41-45

Outbreaks of infection due to a parapoxvirus were reported on eight New Zealand deer farms. Scabby lesions were seen variably on the muzzle, lips, face, ears and neck of red deer (Cervus elaphus) with morbidity rates reaching 100%. On three farms multifocal lesions were also present on the velvet. Deaths were reported on two properties where the lesions were extensive and secondary bacterial infections had occurred. On one of these farms multifactorial disease was suspected. Poxvirus particles were seen by negative contrast electron microscopy in scab material from all eight properties. Morphologically the deer virus resembled a parapoxvirus, but restriction endonuclease analysis showed its DNA fragment patterns were distinct from those of orf (contagious ecthyma) virus.  相似文献   

Serological evidence of bovine herpesvirus 2 in northern New Zealand     

Horner GW  Raynel PD 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1988,36(1):44-45

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New Zealand caprine herpes virus: comparison with an Australian isolate and with bovine herpes virus type 1 by restriction endonuclease analysis     

Tisdall DJ  Bentley CB  Collins DM  Horner GW 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1984,32(6):99-100

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Canine parvovirus in New Zealand: epidemiological features and diagnostic methods     

Horner GW 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1983,31(9):164-166

Data from 763 cases of clinical canine parvovirus disease confirmed at the Ruakura Animal Health Laboratory were examined. The largest number of cases were seen in spring and summer months with the peak incidence in February 1981. The morbidity and mortality rates were highest in young dogs. Sixty-nine percent of all cases occurred in dogs less than six months of age, and 63 percent of dogs seven weeks of age or younger died. The laboratory methods used to diagnose canine parvovirus disease are compareh and discussed.  相似文献   

An epidemiological study of the spread of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus amongst previously non-exposed rabbit populations in the North Island of New Zealand     

Sanson RL  Brooks HV  Horner GW 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2000,48(4):105-110

AIM: To monitor the initial releases of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) into previously unexposed rabbit populations in the North Island of New Zealand. METHODS: The study programme consisted of pre-release spotlight counts of rabbits on the study farms, pre-release serological samples to check for prior exposure to RHDV, a farmer-completed questionnaire and post-release spotlight counts to measure any change in rabbit numbers following the release of RHDV. In total, 23 sites within the lower North Island where RHDV was released during the period November 1997 to June 1998, were monitored. The most common release method involved the spreading of chopped carrot bait laced with a solution of virus-infected material obtained from dead rabbits. RESULTS: Eighty percent of farmers thought that the disease had spread away from the release sites to areas where virus had not been liberated, although only 27% reported finding dead rabbits more than 300 m away from release locations. Seventy-three percent of farmers were satisfied with the overall effectiveness of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) as a means of reducing rabbit numbers, but 56% indicated they would modify the way they released the virus in the future. Average pre-release night spotlight counts per property ranged from 2.2 rabbits/km to 36.9 rabbits/km, the median being 12.8 rabbits/km. The time interval from initial release to when the first dead rabbit was seen which the farmer believed to have died from RHD varied from 3 to 21 days, the mean being 7.4 days and the median 7 days. The median change in night spotlight counts per site at 3 weeks after release, expressed as a percentage relative to pre-release counts, was -15.5% (range +18.9% to -76.9%) and at 6 weeks was -49.7% (range 0% to -76.9%). The time of the estimated peak of the disease epidemic ranged from 1 to 7 weeks after release of RHDV, the mean being 3.1 and the median 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: Rabbit haemorrhagic disease reduced rabbit numbers on the majority of farms where the virus was released, and appears to be an effective measure for controlling rabbit populations in New Zealand.  相似文献   

γ-Amino Butyric Acid Control of Arginine Vasopressin Release from the Ewe Hypothalamus In Vitro: Sensitivity to Oestradiol     

SPS Ghuman  S Prabhakar  RF Smith  H Dobson 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(5):527-535

The present study aims to ascertain the influence of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)(A or B) receptors on arginine vasopressin (AVP) release in vitro and determine whether E(2) modulates GABA-AVP interaction. Within 10 min of ewe killing, saggital midline hypothalamic slices (from the anterior preoptic area to the mediobasal hypothalamus along with the median eminence, 2-mm thick, two per ewe) were dissected, placed in oxygenated minimum essential media (MEM)-alpha at 4 degrees C and within 2 h were singly perifused at 37 degrees C with oxygenated MEM-alpha (pH 7.4; flow rate 0.15 ml/min), either with or without E(2) (24 pg/ml). After 4-h equilibration, 10-min fractions were collected for 4 h interposed with a 10-min exposure at 60 min to a specific GABA(A or B) receptor agonist or antagonist at various doses (0.1-10 mm). GABA(A) (muscimol; no E(2), n = 7 perifusion chambers, with E(2), n = 11) or GABA(B) (baclofen; no E(2), n = 8, with E(2), n = 15) agonists (10 mm) did not influence AVP concentrations. However, AVP release increased (p < 0.05) 20-30 min after exposure to 10 mm GABA(A or B) antagonists (bicuculline, no E(2), n = 7: from 4.6 +/- 0.7 to 33.0 +/- 0.4, with E(2), n = 17: from 11.9 +/- 1.4 to 32.8 +/- 6.0; CGP52432, with E(2), n = 14: from 14.0 +/- 2.6 to 28.8 +/- 3.9 pg/ml). At the end of the collection period, hypothalamic slices responded to KCl (100 mm) with AVP efflux (p < 0.05). GABA(B) but not GABA(A) antagonist-stimulated AVP release was enhanced in the presence of E(2). In summary, AVP release is under the inhibitory influence of GABA input with further potentiation by E(2) through GABA(B) receptors in vitro.  相似文献   

Effect of photoperiod on milk yield and quality, and reproduction in dairy goats     

R. Garcia-Hernandez  G. Newton  S. Horner  Lou C. Nuti   《Livestock Science》2007,110(3):214-220

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of long day photoperiod (LDPP) on milk production and reproduction in milk goats. A total of 79 goats were randomly assigned to three treatment groups blocked by day of kidding. Group 1 (Gr1, n = 26) was subjected to natural photoperiod from January 6 to December 5. Group 2 (Gr2, n = 24) was subjected to LDPP (20 h light, 4 h dark) from June 22 to December 5. Group 3 (Gr3, n = 29) was subjected to LDPP from January 6 to December 6. Weekly milk weights and samples were collected for fat, protein and somatic cell count (SCC) determinations. Blood serum was harvested for progesterone (P4) determination. Results indicated a significant effect (p < 0.001) between treatments for body weight changes, feed intake and milk yield. Both light treated groups had a significantly higher (p < 0.001) average daily milk output for the entire lactation period than the control group (G1, 2.193 kg/day; G2, 2.517 kg/day; G3, 2.305 kg/day). Milk fat for the overall lactation was significantly higher in Gr3 (+ 0.19 g/100 ml) than for Gr2 (+ 0.06 g/100 ml) when compared to the control group (x g/100 ml) under natural photoperiod. Somatic cell counts throughout lactation were significantly (p < 0.001) lower for Gr2 (1.70 million/ml) and higher for Gr3 (2.03 million/ml), with the control group (Gr1) having an intermediate level (1.96 million/ml). Progesterone levels between June 9 and August 30 indicated that 27%, 48% and 63% of the animals had P4 levels in excess of 1.0 ng/ml serum for Gr1, Gr2 and Gr3, respectively. Pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasound in December revealed that a high number of does in the light treated groups (10 of 37) were pseudo-pregnant when compared with the control group (1 of 21). Although light appeared to be effective in increasing milk production, further investigations are needed to evaluate the effect of LDPP on pseudo-pregnancy in dairy goats.  相似文献   

Typing of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus from New Zealand wild rabbits     

O'Keefe JS  Tempero J  Atkinson PH  Pacciarini L  Fallacara F  Horner GW  Motha J 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1998,46(1):42-43

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Stress and Subfertility     

H Dobson  RF Smith 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1998,33(3-4):107-111

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Immunolocalization of Aquaporins 1 and 9 in the Ram Efferent Ducts and Epididymis          下载免费PDF全文

BC Schimming  PFF Pinheiro  R de Matteis  CM Machado  RF Domeniconi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(4):617-624

Aquaporins (AQPs) are essential membrane protein channels for the transport of water across membranes. Fluid movement in the epididymis is important for modulation of the luminal environment, in which sperm mature and reside. This study was designed to understand the morphology and localization of AQPs in ram efferent ducts (ED) and epididymis. For this purpose, the epididymis of seven animals were removed for histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. AQP1 immunoreactivity was observed in the apex of the ED, and AQP9 was found adjacent to the nuclei of the epithelial cells of the ED. The epithelial lining of ram epididymis is pseudostratified columnar and presents principal, basal, apical and narrow cells. In the initial segment (IS), a moderate reaction for AQP1 was observed in the apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells. An intense reactivity for AQP1 was noted over the microvilli of principal cells and in spermatozoa in the caput. In the corpus and cauda, AQP1 was noted only over the endothelial cells of vascular channels located in intertubular spaces. A weak‐to‐moderate reaction for AQP9 was observed in the nuclei of epithelial cells in the IS, caput and corpus of the epididymis. In the cauda, an intense reaction to AQP9 was observed in the epithelial border. In the IS, caput and corpus, the reactivity for AQP9 differed from those observed in domestic animals. The cauda showed a pattern similar to that previously described. These results indicate that AQPs 1 and 9 have reversed locations and roles in rams, suggesting activity variations related with fluid and solute absorption throughout the epididymis.  相似文献