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1.
This paper focuses on understanding the role of structural parameters and starch crystallization on the toughness of cake samples. Accurate mechanical measurements were performed to obtain toughness values, and these were related to structural parameters obtained from image analyses. Three-dimensional skeletons of food samples were generated by using X-ray tomography technique. The structural parameters (cell diameter, cell wall thickness, thickness to radius ratio (t/R), fragmentation index) were obtained after processing of the images with CTan software. The basic hypothesis of the paper is to show that the structural parameter t/R is a determinant for predicting toughness, which is a critical indicator of freshness. Freshness in cakes and other baked products is a leading factor in consumer perception. For this purpose three different cake formulations were stored at 37 and 50 °C. Cycling from these temperatures to lower storage temperatures of 25 and 4 °C was done to accelerate the starch retrogradation rate. Experimental results indicated that there was a strong interrelationship between morphological structure and the mechanical properties with regression coefficients of 0.68 and 0.95. Starch retrogradation, which was followed by X-ray diffractometry, was found to be directly proportional to toughness values, where the percent relative crystallinity increased with storage temperature. 相似文献
2.
Chithra Panchapakesan Nesli Sozer Hulya Dogan Qingrong Huang Jozef L. Kokini 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012
The phase behavior of zein films has been investigated at nano-scale using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and compared to the phase behavior of the bulk using a thermal characterization technique. The local surface properties of the films were evaluated as a function of water activity using AFM. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of zein films decreased with increasing water activity. Adhesion forces measured by the AFM force curves increased with increasing water activity. Topography of zein and zein fractions were evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively by the use of AFM and dedicated software to calculate the surface roughness. It has been found that processing technologies (solvent casting, drop deposition and spin casting) has influence on the surface structures of films. The films which were formed by the alpha zein rich fraction were found to have highest roughness values. Sectional surface profiles revealed that α-zein films have mean roughness (Ra) of 1.808 nm and root mean square roughness (RMS) of 2.239 nm while β-zein films have mean roughness (Ra) of 1.745 nm and root mean square roughness (RMS) of 3.623 nm. The discussions conducted on the differences/similarities in the observations were based on the hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties and interactions of these zein fractions. 相似文献
3.
Some of the properties of particleboard made from paulownia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The objective of this study was to determine some of the properties of experimental particleboard panels made from low-quality paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa). Chemical properties including holocellulose, cellulose, lignin contents, water solubility, and pH level of the wood were also analyzed. Three-layer experimental panels were manufactured with two density levels using urea–formaldehyde as a binder. Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), screw-holding strength, thickness swelling, and surface roughness of the specimens were evaluated. Panels with densities of 0.65 g/cm3 and manufactured using a 7-min press time resulted in higher mechanical properties than those of made with densities of 0.55 g/cm3 and press times of 5 min. Based on the initial findings of this study, it appears that higher values of solubility and lignin content of the raw material contributed to better physical and mechanical properties of the experimental panels. All types of strength characteristics of the samples manufactured from underutilized low-quality paulownia wood met the minimum strength requirements of the European Standards for general uses. 相似文献
4.
Hulya Turutoglu Mustafa Hasoksuz Dilek Ozturk Murat Yildirim Sonay Sagnak 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(8):945-956
Although methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were generally isolated from human beings; these agents were recently isolated from various animal species. It has
been shown that MRSA isolates are not only resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, but can also be resistant to the other commonly
used antibiotics. In this study, 18 phenotypic methicillin resistant S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis cases were analyzed by PCR for the presence of mecA gene encoding methicillin resistance and aac(6′)/aph(2″), aph(3′)-IIIa and ant(4′)-Ia genes encoding aminoglycoside resistance. Out of 18 S. aureus isolates (oxacillin MICs, ≥4 μg/ml), 3 were positive for mecA gene. Only one from 3 mecA positive isolates was positive for genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and this isolate carried aac(6′)/aph(2″) in combination with aph(3′)-IIIa gene. The aph(3′)-IIIa gene was detected in 3 isolates. These three isolates carrying the aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes were resistant to
gentamicin, kanamycin and neomycin. The mecA gene of 3 MRSA isolates was sequenced. All three mecA genes of these isolates were identical to that found in human MRSA strains, except a one-base substitution at nucleotide
position 757. From the data presented in this study, it can be concluded that MRSA isolated from bovine mastitis may be originated
from human beings, but further studies are needed to investigate the possibility of zoonotic transfer of MRSA. 相似文献
5.
Alper YILMAZ Bulent EKIZ Mustafa OZCAN Cuneyt KAPTAN Hulya HANOGLU Mesut YILDIRIR 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(4):460-467
The aim of study was to investigate the effect of genotype on carcass measurements and meat quality characteristics of purebred Hair Goat, Saanen × Hair Goat (F1 and B1 ) kids under an intensive production system. In total, 24 kids were slaughtered at the age of approximately 133 days. Kids were fattened for 56 days immediately after weaning. Hot carcass weights were 6.78, 7.61 and 7.02 kg and dressing percentages were 49.71, 49.27 and 48.78%, respectively ( P > 0.05). Differences between genotypes for carcass measurements and indexes were not significant. Effect of genotype on pH measurements, drip loss, water holding capacity, cooking loss and Warner Bratzler shear force values were not significant. Meat lightness values at 0 h, 1 h and 1 day after cutting were higher in crossbred kids than Hair Goat kids ( P < 0.05). Redness value was significantly higher in meat samples of Hair goat kids at 0 h, 1 h and 1 day measurements ( P < 0.05). Kid genotype had no significant effect on meat sensory characteristics, except tenderness. Panelists gave lower scores for meat tenderness to F1 and B1 crosses compared to purebred Hair Goat kids. In conclusion, higher meat lightness values of crossbred kids, at particularly B1 level, might have a positive effect on the consumer choices. 相似文献
6.
Tarhan L Kayali HA Urek RO 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(2):49-51
Total antioxidant capacities, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), hydroxyl (HO·), scavenging activities, and total phenolic
values were determined in extracts of Cucurbita pepo L. female and male flowers. Powdered C. pepo L. samples were extracted in aqueous ethyl acetate (EA: W1, 17:3), ethanol (E), and water (W) by agitating in magnetic stirrer
for 80°C, 15 min and also by in aqueous ethyl acetate (EA: W2, 17:3) at 25°C, 15 min. DPPH·, HO· scavenging capacities and
total phenolic values of C. pepo L. female and male were higher in EA:W2 than in other extracts. In addition, all determined antioxidant capacities of female
were significantly higher than male. 相似文献
7.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the fungicide flusilazole on somatic cells of Allium cepa. For evaluation of cytogenetic effects, root meristem cells of A. cepa were treated with 10, 20, 30 and 45 ppm (EC50 concentration) for 24, 48 and 72 h. The mitotic index and different types of chromosomal abnormalities such as bridges, stickiness and laggards were determined in both control and test groups. Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide double staining and fluorescence microscope was used to determine the stability of chromosome structure. Data obtained from staining process indicated that ratio of necrotic cells significantly increased by the flusilazole presoaking. The RAPD-PCR method was used and the higher doses treated-group (45 ppm) was more distant to the control group compare with others. 相似文献
8.
Clinical and immunological effects of Newcastle disease virus vaccine on bovine papillomatosis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has antineoplastic and immunostimulatory properties, and it is currently being clinically tested in anticancer therapy. In order to analyze the immunostimulatory effects of NDV on bovine papillomatosis, we inoculated 14 cows subcutaneously with an attenuated vaccine containing the LaSota strain of NDV (LS-NDV). Four cows with papillomatosis served as controls. Serum samples were collected from each animal 1 h before and, 7 and 21 days after inoculation. In inoculated cows, on days 7 and 21 the mean antibody titers were log2 2.43 +/- 0.92 and log2 5.57 +/- 0.72 by haemagglutination inhibition (HI), and the mean levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were 5.80 +/- 4.19 and 5.39 +/- 2.66 ng/ml by WEHI-164 cytotoxicity assay. Significant differences between inoculated and control animals were evident for antibody titers on day 21 and clinical scores on day 60. A correlation was evident between the TNF-alpha activities and clinical scores on day 21. The clinical observations at day 60 showed that the papillomas in five cows were completely resolved (36%), one animal had no alterations on clinical appearance of the tumor (7%), and papillomas in eight cows were regressed (57%). In conclusion, these results demonstrated that inoculation of LS-NDV vaccine stimulates an antibody response and limited increase in TNF-alpha activity and may enhance clinical recovery in bovine papillomatosis. 相似文献
9.
Hulya Yalcintan Bulent Ekiz Mustafa Ozcan 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(6):1261-1269
The aim of the study was to compare the certain carcass and meat quality traits and also fatty acid composition of goat kids from indigenous breeds (Gokceada and Hair Goat) and dairy breeds (Saanen and Maltese). A total 40 male kids from Saanen, Gokceada, Maltese and Hair Goat breeds were collected from commercial farms after weaning. Kids were finished for 56 days with grower concentrate and alfalfa hay in the sheepfold until slaughter. Higher mean values were found for Saanen kids in terms of slaughter weight, hot carcass weight and real dressing compared with Maltese, Hair Goat and Gokceada kids under the same intensive conditions. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between breeds in terms of instrumental meat quality traits, except meat colour. Meat from Gokceada and Hair Goat kids had higher lightness and Hue angle values than Saanen kids after 24 h of blooming. High meat redness values were observed for Saanen kids after 0 and 1 h of blooming. Panellist appreciated cooked meat from Saanen and Maltese kids in overall acceptability. If the fatty acid composition of meat was taken into consideration, kids from Saanen and Gokceada breeds displayed better values, because of the lower ?SFA percentage and higher desirable fatty acids (C18:0?+?ΣMUFA?+?ΣPUFA) percentage than Maltese and Hair Goat kids. Our results indicate that male kids for Saanen which is dairy breed could be assessable for quality goat meat production. 相似文献
10.