The immune response of the pig following oral immunisation with soluble protein     

Newby TJ  Stokes CR  Huntley J  Evans P  Bourne FJ 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1979,1(1):37-47

The immune response of pigs fed 200 mg per day of dinitrophenylated bovine gamma globulin has been evaluated in terms of the antibody and lymphocyte responses and of the induction of tolerance and immune exclusion. Although dosing for ten days resulted in a small IgA response as indicated by splenic plaque forming cells, serum antibody could only be detected when dosing was continued for 42 days. secretory antibody was detected at any time. Antigen feeding for two weeks rendered the animals hyporesponsive to subsequent parenteral antigenic challenge but had little effect upon their ability to exclude an oral dose of antigen from the circulation.  相似文献   

Experiences of recent veterinary graduates in their first employment position and their preferences for new graduate support programmes     

MC Gates  I McLachlan  S Butler  JF Weston 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2020,68(4):214-224

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Experimental Neospora Caninum Infection in Pregnant Dairy Heifers Raises Concentrations of Pregnancy‐Associated Glycoproteins 1 and 2 in Foetal Fluids          下载免费PDF全文

R Mur‐Novales  F López‐Gatius  B Serrano‐Pérez  I García‐Ispierto  L Darwich  O Cabezón  NM de Sousa  JF Beckers  S Almería 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(2):282-286

Plasma concentrations of PAG‐1 are used for pregnancy diagnosis and as a marker of placental/foetal well‐being, while those of PAG‐2 may be an indicator of abortion risk in Neospora caninum‐infected cows. Studies have shown that N. caninum infection modifies PAG‐1 and PAG‐2 patterns in maternal blood plasma. However, no prior work has examined the effects of N. caninum infection on concentrations of PAGs in foetal fluids. In this study, PAG‐1, PAG‐2 and pH levels were determined in the amniotic and allantoic fluids of foetuses collected at 152 days of gestation from control uninfected dams and from dams experimentally infected with N. caninum on Day 110 of gestation. Foetal fluids from infected foetuses had significantly higher PAG‐2 concentrations (p = 0.026) and pH values (p = 0.02) than fluids from non‐infected foetuses. In infected foetuses, significantly higher concentrations of PAG‐1 (p < 0.001) and PAG‐2 (p < 0.001) were detected in fluid samples showing antibodies against N. caninum than those without antibodies. Moreover, pH values were significantly higher (p = 0.011) in foetal fluid samples with antibodies than in samples from non‐infected foetuses. In conclusion, this is the first report on the effect of N. caninum infection on PAG levels in foetal fluids. Our results indicate that following the experimental infection of dams with N. caninum on Day 110 of gestation, foetal fluids collected from the infected foetuses of these dams featured higher PAG‐1 and PAG‐2 levels and pH values than fluids from non‐infected controls, provided that the samples tested showed the presence of antibodies. The clinical implications of these findings are that following infection with N. caninum, most cows will experience some level of placental damage and that this injury correlates with foetal fluid PAG levels and pH.  相似文献   

Effect of the Type and Number of Prostaglandin Treatments on Corpus Luteum, the Largest Follicle and Progesterone Concentration in Dairy Cows     

A Répási  JF Beckers  J Sulon  A Karen  J Reiczigel  O Szenci 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(5):436-442

Lactating dairy cows (n = 72) with a mature corpus luteum (CL) (diameter of > or = 17 mm) determined by ultrasonography and having a follicle with a diameter of > or = 10 mm were randomly assigned to four groups. Cows were treated with cloprostenol i.m. once or twice, or with dinoprost i.m. once or twice with an 8-h interval. The ovaries of each cow were scanned daily by transrectal ultrasonography to measure the changes in the areas of CL and the largest follicle and to determine the occurrence of ovulation. Oestrus was verified twice daily. In addition, blood sample was withdrawn from each cow daily for measuring progesterone (P4) concentrations. Significant decreases in the percentage changes relative to areas of CL and P4 concentrations or increases in the percentage changes in the area of the largest follicle on day 0 were detected in each group during the experiment. However, the type of the drug and the number of the treatments had no significant effect on those parameters. Cows ovulated with or without showing oestrus (group A) and cows exhibiting no oestrus and ovulation (group B) were also evaluated. In contrast to the mean area of the CL and the mean concentration of P4 on day 0, the mean area of the largest follicles between the two groups on day 0 differed significantly. Significant decreases in the percentage changes relative to the area of the CL and P4 concentration or increases in the percentage changes relative to the area of the largest follicle during the experiment were detected in both groups; however, there were no group differences. Treatment of dairy cows with two injections of prostaglandins (cloprostenol or dinoprost) at an 8-h interval resulted in more cows being observed in oestrus within 5 days after treatment and having significantly higher pregnancy rate than those treated with a single prostaglandin injection.  相似文献   

Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to Psoroptes ovis and Der p 1 in sheep previously infested with P. ovis--the sheep scab mite     

van den Broek AH  Huntley JF  Halliwell RE  Machell J  Taylor M  Miller HR 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2003,91(2):105-117

We have previously shown that infestation with Psoroptes ovis induces an IgE response and intense tissue eosinophilia, typical of a Type I hypersensitivity response [Parasite Immunol. 22 (2000) 407]. Intradermal tests (IDSTs) suggest that there are also delayed and Arthus-type responses to this parasite. In order to study the nature of ovine cutaneous reactions to P. ovis, na?ve controls and experimentally infested sheep (n = 5) were challenged intradermally with mite antigen. Challenge elicited immediate (P < 0.001) and delayed (P < 0.005) wheal reactions in sensitised sheep. At 6 (P < 0.02) and 30 h (P < 0.001) the predominant infiltrating cells were eosinophils. To explore the role of circulating antibodies, na?ve sheep (n = 5) were subjected to Prausnitz-Kustner (PK) tests. These elicited immediate (P < 0.02) but not delayed wheal reactions. At 6 h eosinophils (P < 0.001) dominated the infiltrate. These results suggest that P. ovis allergens provoke an IgE-dependent immediate and late phase response and a cell-mediated eosinophil-rich delayed-type hypersensitivity response (ER-DTH).  相似文献   

Can an increased intake of metabolizable protein affect the periparturient relaxation in immunity against teladorsagia circumcincta in sheep?     

Houdijk JG  Kyriazakis I  Jackson F  Huntley JF  Coop RL 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,91(1-2):43-62

Within the overall hypothesis that the periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI) to gastrointestinal parasites has a nutritional basis, we studied whether an increased intake of metabolizable protein (MP) could affect the expression of immunity to Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta of twin-bearing and -rearing Greyface ewes. Two sets of iso-energetic diets were formulated to provide either 85% (L-) or 130% (H-) of the MP requirements during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy (-P) and the first 6 weeks of lactation (-L). Thirty ewes were allocated to LP or HP. Six ewes of each group were slaughtered after lambing (S(0)); the remaining 24 ewes of each group were allocated to either LL or HL, thus creating four treatment combinations during lactation (LP/LL, LP/HL, HP/LL and HP/HL; n=12). Six ewes of each treatment combination were slaughtered at Week 3 (S(3)) or at Week 6 (S(6)) in lactation.The HP ewes were heavier at lambing, produced heavier lambs, had lower faecal egg counts (FECs), a lower concentration of plasma pepsinogen, a higher concentration of plasma albumin during late pregnancy and more abomasal globule leukocytes (GLs) but similar worm burdens at S(0) compared to the LP ewes. The LP/HL and HP/HL ewes had a higher calculated milk production than the LP/LL and HP/LL ewes. FECs increased for each treatment combination during the first 3 weeks of lactation. This increase concurred with fewer abomasal GLs at S(3) compared to S(0). The LP/HL and HP/HL ewes had a higher proportion of immature worms and more abomasal GLs than the LP/LL and HP/LL ewes at S(6). The FECs continued to increase during the second 3 weeks of lactation for the LP/LL ewes only, which concurred with an elevated plasma pepsinogen concentration and an absence of abomasal GLs at S(6). The plasma pepsinogen concentration decreased rapidly for the LP/HL ewes during lactation. We conclude that an increased intake of MP could enhance the expression of immunity to T. circumcincta of twin-bearing and -rearing Greyface ewes.  相似文献   

In Vitro Fertilization and Development of OPU Derived Goat and Sheep Oocytes     

JF Cox  V Alfaro 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(1):83-87

The recent upgrade in IVP technology seen in cattle can be adapted to embryo production in small ruminants to overcome limitations exhibited by surgical procedures on preserving the reproductive potential of donors and the efficiency of embryo production. The aim of the present study was to assess the current procedures used in cattle for the production of IVP embryos in goats and sheep based on laparoscopic-aided ovum pick-up (LOPU) supplied oocytes. Sexually matured goat and sheep donors were treated during the breeding season with FSH and subjected to laparoscopic-guided follicular puncture under general anaesthesia. The collected cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in medium 199 and fertilized by frozen-thawed spermatozoa using Talp medium supplemented with heparin and oestrus-sheep serum. Cleaved ova were either cultured in sheep in vitro fertilization medium plus amino acids or transferred to sheep oviducts. Blastocyst rate, hatching rate and development rate up to term were used as markers of embryo function. The results obtained for goat and sheep involving 30 and 35 donors respectively (10 and 9 LOPU sessions) were 81.2% and 85.2% of oocyte collection rate; 88.3% and 98.6% oocyte incubation rate; 85.6% and 76.0% fertilization rate; 82.4% and 93.4% of cleavage rate; 50.0% and 61.5% IVP blastocyst rate; 42.1% and 45.5% blastocyst rate in oviducts; 73.0% and 66.7% embryo survival up to term, respectively. The results are comparable to those obtained in small ruminants and in bovines suggesting that requirements for embryo production and development are similar.  相似文献   

Aspartic Proteinase Members Secreted by the Ruminant Placenta: Specificity of Three Radioimmunoassay Systems for the Measurement of Pregnancy-associated Glycoproteins   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZS Perényi  O Szenci  PV Drion  H Banga-Mboko  NM Sousa  B El Amiri  JF Beckers 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2002,37(6):324-329

Pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAGs) isolated from the placenta of various ruminant species are enzymatically inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family. The measurement of these proteins in the maternal blood can be a good indicator of the presence of a live embryo. As certain aspartic proteinases are present in biological fluids in physiological and pathological conditions at various concentrations, it was necessary to determine the specificity of three radioimmunoassay (RIA) systems currently used for the detection of PAG molecules. Commercially available members of the aspartic proteinase family like pepsinogen, pepsin, chymosin, rennet, cathepsin D and renin were tested in a wide concentration range (10 ng/ml – 1 mg/ml). Pepsinogen cross‐reacted in RIA 1, RIA 2 and RIA 3 over 1 mg/ml, 50 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml concentrations, respectively. In the presence of pepsin, cross‐reaction was observed in RIA 1, RIA 2 and RIA 3 over 1 mg/ml, 500 μg/ml and 1 mg/ml concentrations, respectively. Chymosin and rennet could cross‐react in RIA 2 and RIA 3, while renin and cathepsin D did not decrease the binding of the tracer to antisera more, than that of the minimal detection limit. As the plasma/serum concentrations of the examined aspartic proteinases reported in the literature were outside the concentration range where cross‐reaction was observed, it can be concluded that these RIA systems were specific for the detection of PAGs in biological fluids.  相似文献   

Vacuum Squeezing of Solids: Macroscopic Quantum States Driven by Light Pulses     

GA Garrett  AG Rojo  AK Sood  JF Whitaker  R Merlin 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5306):1638-1640

Femtosecond laser pulses and coherent two-phonon Raman scattering were used to excite KTaO3 into a squeezed state, nearly periodic in time, in which the variance of the atomic displacements dips below the standard quantum limit for half of a cycle. This nonclassical state involves a continuum of transverse acoustic modes that leads to oscillations in the refractive index associated with the frequency of a van Hove singularity in the phonon density of states.  相似文献   

Rapid changes in the range limits of scots pine 4000 years ago     

Gear AJ  Huntley B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,251(4993):544-547

Paleoecological data provide estimates of response rates to past climate changes. Fossil Pinus sylvestris stumps in far northern Scotland demonstrate former presence of pine trees where conventional pollen evidence of pine forests is lacking. Radiocarbon, dendrochronological, and fine temporal-resolution palynological data show that pine forests were present for about four centuries some 4000 years ago; the forests expanded and then retreated rapidly some 70 to 80 kilometers. Despite the rapidity of this response to climate change, it occurred at rates slower by an order of magnitude than those necessary to maintain equilibrium with forecast climate changes attributed to the greenhouse effect.  相似文献