IOHEXOL AND IOPAMIDOL MYELOGRAPHY IN THE DOG: A CLINICAL TRIAL COMPARING ADVERSE EFFECTS AND MYELOGRAPHIC QUALITY     

William R.  Widmer  DVM  MS  William E.  Blevins  DVM  MS  Samuel  Jakovljevic  DVM  MS  Robert F.  Teclaw  DVM  PhD  Connie M.  Han  RVT  Cheryl D.  Hurd  RVT 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1992,33(6):327-333

In a blind clinical trial, adverse effects after iohexol and iopamidol myelography were evaluated in 151 dogs. Eighty-one dogs were given iohexol (240 mgI/ml) and 70 dogs were given iopamidol (200 mgI/ml) by pre-determined assignment. Each dog was evaluated postmyelographically for seizures, hyperthermia, prolonged recovery from anesthesia and intensification of pre-existing neural signs. Myelographic quality was evaluated with a subjective scoring method. In comparing iohexol and iopamidol groups, there was not a statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects or in myelographic quality. Iopamidol and iohexol appeared to be equally efficacious for routine canine myelography.  相似文献   

Rapid infection in market-weight swine following exposure to a Salmonella typhimurium-contaminated environment     

Hurd HS  Gailey JK  McKean JD  Rostagno MH 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(8):1194-1197

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibility of swine becoming infected with Salmonella Typhimurium when housed for 2 to 6 hours in an environment contaminated with Salmonella, similar to a lairage situation prior to slaughter. ANIMALS: 40 crossbred market pigs with an approximate body weight of 92 kg. PROCEDURE: Five trials were conducted (8 pigs/trial) in simulated lairage conditions. Superficial inguinal, ileocecal, and mandibular lymph nodes, cecal contents, distal portion of the ileum, and fecal samples were obtained from each pig after 2 (n = 10), 3 (10), and 6 (5) hours of exposure to an environment contaminated with feces defecated by 10 pigs intranasally inoculated with nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium (chi4232). In addition, 5 control pigs that were not exposed were also evaluated in the same manner. RESULTS: Feces deposited on the floor by intranasally inoculated swine were mixed with water to form slurry with a resulting load of approximately 10(3) colony-forming units of Salmonella Typhimurium/g of material. Eight of 10, 6 of 10, and 6 of 6 pigs exposed to the slurry for 2, 3, or 6 hours, respectively, had positive results for at least 1 sample when tested for the specific strain of Salmonella Typhimurium. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pigs can become infected during routine resting or holding periods during marketing when exposed to relatively low amounts of Salmonella organisms in the preslaughter environment. Intervention at this step of the production process may have a major impact on the safety of pork products.  相似文献   

Single-phase methylene diphosphate bone scintigraphy in the diagnostic evaluation of dogs with osteosarcoma     

K A Hahn  C Hurd  H D Cantwell 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,196(9):1483-1486

In this study, 25 dogs each with a histopathologically diagnosed appendicular or axial osteosarcoma were prospectively and consecutively examined by methylene diphosphate nuclear scintigraphy. Scannings that revealed scintigraphically enhanced focal increased activity via bone uptake of the 99mTc methylene diphosphate radionuclide at sites other than the primary tumor site were compared with scintigrams obtained from dogs without osteosarcoma. Secondary scintigraphic sites were evaluated by survey radiography and, if possible, by histologic examination (biopsy or necropsy specimens). On the basis of our findings, scintigraphy seems to be more efficient than physical examination and radiographic bone survey for the diagnosis of multicentric, metachronous, or metastatic canine osteosarcoma.  相似文献   

Effects of Planting Stage on the Flowering of Glasshouse Tomatoes     

A. J. Cooper  R. G. Hurd 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):385-390

The effect of keeping tomato seedlings in pots until the first flower opened, instead of planting them directly into the border at germination, was to hasten flowering of the first and second inflorescences but to delay that of the third and subsequent inflorescences. Delay in planting also tended to increase branching of the first inflorescence and to reduce branching of the second and subsequent inflorescences. The longer the plants were kept in pots before planting, the greater were the effects.  相似文献   

A comparison of winter-sown tomato plants grown with restricted and unlimited water supply     

A. De Koning  R. G. Hurd 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):575-581

The morphology, anatomy and physiology of winter-sown tomato plants grown with a restricted water supply (producing ‘hard’ plants) were compared with those of plants given an unlimited water supply (‘soft’ plants). The stressed plants had smaller and fewer leaves on thinner stems; the reduction in leaf area was largely due to smaller cell size. The leaves and stems also had a higher percentage dry matter; in the stems this was associated with many more and larger starch grains. It is suggested that the improvement in earliness and in fruit quality found in stressed plants originates from this increase in stored carbohydrate.

Rates of photosynthesis per unit leaf area were the same in both groups of plants when measured under laboratory conditions. The leaf cell sap had the same osmotic potential but there was a greater proportion of apoplastic water in the leaves of the stressed plants. Transpiration rates in the glasshouse were lower in the stressed plants. Possibilities for the control of plant water status to optimize early yield quantity and quality are considered.  相似文献   

Lesion severity at processing as a predictor of Salmonella contamination of swine carcasses     

Hurd HS  Yaeger MJ  Brudvig JM  Taylor DD  Wang B 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(1):91-97

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Comparison of bovine spongiform encephalopathy risk factors in the United States and Great Britain.     

K D Walker  W D Hueston  H S Hurd  J W Wilesmith 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,199(11):1554-1561

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A method of breeding for yield of wheat in semi-arid climates     

E. A. Hurd 《Euphytica》1969,18(2):217-226

Summary A method used to breed for higher yielding varieties of spring wheat for the dry prairie area of Canada is described. The procedure was to grow a large population in F₂, and yield test in F₄ (1462 lines), F₅ (443 lines) and F₆ (150 lines) culminating in tests of 47 lines at either three or six locations in F₇ and 20 in F₈. Final yield tests were conducted at 22 locations. The 43 station-years of advanced tests gave 465 yield comparisons between the lines and the check varieties. Yields significantly lower than the best check were recorded in only five comparisons at one station in one year, while in 275 of the 465 comparisons, yields were significantly better than the check variety. Lines yielded up to 181 percent of the check. The largest and most consistent increases were at the originating station or at locations which were similar in soil-climatic conditions. Reference is made to relationships between yield under dry conditions and the tillering and rooting habits of plants. Conclusions drawn were that the inherent yielding ability of spring wheat can be increased and that the procedure being used is effective in breeding for yield in the dry prairie area of western Canada.  相似文献   

Experimental rapid infection in market swine following exposure to a Salmonella contaminated environment     

Hurd HS  Gailey JK  McKean JD  Rostagno MH 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,114(9-10):382-384

The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the possibility of swine becoming infected with Salmonella Typhimurium after a short time interval in a contaminated environment. Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 consisted of five trials with eight market weight swine. Pigs were necropsied at 2 (n = 10), 3 (n = 10) and 6 (n = 5) hours after continuous exposure to an environment contaminated with feces shed by swine intranasally inoculated with nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium (chi 4232). In Experiment 2, pigs were necropsied after 30 minutes (n = 6), 60 minutes (n = 6), 2 hours (n = 6), and 6 hours (n = 3). In addition, control animals with no exposure were also necropsied in both experiments. At necropsy, the superficial inguinal, ileocecal, and mandibular lymph nodes, as well as cecal contents, distal ileum portion, and feces were evaluated. All samples were cultured for the presence of the nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella. Feces deposited on the floor by intranasally inoculated swine were mixed with water to form slurry with a resulting load of 10(3)-10(5) Salmonella Typhimurium CFU per gram. In Experiment 1, 80% percent of animals with a 2-hour, 60% of animals with a 3-hour, and 100% of animals with a 6-hour exposure to this slurry had at least one sample test positive for the marked Salmonella Typhimurium strain. In Experiment 2, 50% of the 30 minute, 50% of the 60 minute, and 33% of the 2-hour exposed pigs had at least one sample test positive. These experiments show that market swine can become infected during routine resting or holding periods when exposed to relatively low levels (10(3) CFU) of Salmonella in the simulated pre-slaughter environment, and that exposure times as short as 30 minutes are sufficient to produce contaminated gastrointestinal tracts. They also demonstrate the high risk of holding pigs longer than six hours. Intervention at this step in the swine production process may have a significant impact on the safety of pork products.  相似文献   

N Storage and Cycling in Vegetation of a Forested Wetland: Implications for Watershed N Processing     

Bischoff  Joseph M.  Bukaveckas  Paul  Mitchell  Myron J.  Hurd  T. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,128(1-2):97-114

Pools and fluxes of N in wetland vegetation and soils were compared with an adjacent upland site to assess the relative importance of wetland versus upland landscapes in watershedN-retention in the Adirondack Mountains of New York (U.S.A.).The majority of N storage occurred in forest soils and wetlandpeat deposits (96 and 99% of total N in upland forests andwetlands, respectively). Annual N-uptake (49 kg N ha^-1yr^-1) was greater for wetland vegetation than that ofupland vegetation (30 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1). In the wetlandthe supply of N from mineralization (36 kg N ha^-1yr^-1) was less than N-uptake; in contrast, upland Nmineralization (76 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1) exceeded Nvegetation uptake. Annual N-storage in peat was small due to low peat accretion rates. Wetlands acted as a sink for N andstored a disproportionally high fraction (15%) of catchment Nin relation to their relatively small surface area (～4%)within the catchment.  相似文献