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POLLARD AL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1946,103(2687):758-759
Starch tryptone agar containing 1 : 20,000 Tergitol-7 was successfully sterilized in the Arnold by one 30-minute heating period. Decreasing the concentration to 1 : 30,000 resulted in 4 per cent failures. A concentration of 1 : 20,000 in the cold killed spores of B. mycoides and an unidentified heat-resistant bacillus but failed to kill spores of B. subtilis. Concentrations of 1 : 30,000 permitted growth after sterilization of all species of Streptomyces which were tested, while concentrations of 1 : 20,000 permitted growth of all species but one. Concentrations of 1 : 20,000 did not inhibit the growth of selected species of Penicillium and Aspergillus or of Staph. aureus. Concentrations as high as 1 : 10,000 did not inhibit the growth of E. coli. 相似文献
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有机铬对舍饲阉牛生产性能和胴体品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
舍饲牛的生长速度和饲料效率受采食量和能量利用效率的影响很大 ( NRC,1 996)。在调节人和实验动物的血糖和免疫反应方面。铬是起重要作用的微量元素 ( NRC,1 997)。有机铬能改善猪的繁殖、生长和胴体指标 ( Boleman等 ,1 995;L in-demann等 ,1 995;Komegay等 ,1 997;Mooney和Cromwell,1 997)。对牛补铬可加强细胞免疫 ,降低血液皮质醇水平 ,提高抗体的效价 ( Chang等 ,1 992 ;Kegley等 ,1 996;Mallard等 ,1 997)。 Moon-sie- Shageer等 ( 1 993)报道补充铬可减少受应激架子牛的发病率。但在肉牛日粮中添加铬对生产性能影响不一致。… 相似文献
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MICHELE P. LAURENSON ALLISON L. ZWINGENBERGER DEREK D. CISSELL LYNELLE R. JOHNSON MATIE J. McPETERS MATHIEU P. SPRIET SANDRA L. TAYLOR RACHEL E. POLLARD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2011,52(4):357-361
The pharynx is anatomically complex and evaluation can be difficult even with cross‐sectional imaging. Eight animals had computed tomography (CT) studies of the head performed with the mouth open and closed. The studies were anonymized and evaluated by four radiologists for visibility of six anatomic regions (dorsal wall of nasopharynx, lumen of nasopharynx, dorsal margin of the soft palate, ventral margin of the soft palate, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx) and for certainty of a normal or abnormal diagnosis of four different anatomic regions (nasopharynx, soft palate, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx). Mean visual scores differed significantly between mouth positions and were improved when the mouth was open. The ability of radiologists to classify anatomic regions as normal or abnormal vs. unsure also varied between mouth positions, and there was greater uncertainty when the mouth was closed. In addition, estimated volume of the air‐filled nasopharynx differed significantly as a function of mouth position and was greater when the mouth was open (mean=1.187 cm3, SE=0.177) vs. closed (mean=0.584 cm3, SE=0.116). Computed tomographic evaluation of the pharynx can be improved with the mouth open. 相似文献
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IRINA POLLARD SUSAN WILLIAMSON JEFF DOWNING REX SCARAMUZZI† 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1996,19(2):113-117
The disposition kinetics of caffeine and its metabolites theophylline, theobro-mine and paraxanthine in the oestrogen-implanted ovariectomized ewe following single intravenous doses of 5, 10, 15 or 20 mg/kg caffeine are described in this paper. Blood was collected at 5, 30 and 60 min, and at 3, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 192 and 240 h after dosing. Caffeine concentrations peaked within 30 min of administration but remained in a plateau phase for 3-6 h before declining over a prolonged period of time. For caffeine the mean elimination half-life was calculated to be 47 h. Detectable caffeine concentrations remained for 10 days after administration in all groups. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve ( AUC ) values were used to compare tissue caffeine exposure and were, approximately, linearly related to dose. Metabolite concentrations were maintained at peak and near peak concentrations for 6-24 h after caffeine administration followed by prolonged elimination. Because of significant species differences in drug elimination rates, it is concluded that the ewe is not a suitable animal model in the clinical context. However, the sheep may well provide insights into caffeine's mechanism of action of relevance to veterinary drug research. 相似文献
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The purpose of this report was to evaluate the frequency and type of reactions to intraarterial iodinated contrast medium injection in horses. Ninety‐seven received an intraarterial injection of ionic, iodinated contrast medium for computed tomographic assessment of the distal limb. Nine (9.0%) horses developed a reaction attributable to the contrast medium administration. Of those, 4/97 (4.0%) developed a skin response (three with urticaria, one with facial edema) within 20 min. Five (5.0%) developed elevation of heart rate and/or blood pressure immediately upon administration of the contrast medium. No horse developed a severe reaction such as shock, cardiac, or respiratory arrest. No treatment was necessary in any horse. 相似文献
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Abstract Quantitative electric fishing and multiple mesh-size gillnetting of fish communities in the Hawkesbury-Nepean River system, near Sydney, were carried out upstream of, within and well below each of three major points of treated sewage effluent discharge. Approximately half of the fish sampled were caught by electric fishing, comprising 515 individuals in 3 h of electric fishing (172 fish per hour). The remaining 439 fish were caught in 72 h of gillnetting (six fish per hour). In total, 16 fish species were collected by electric fishing and only seven species by the gill nets. Differences were found in the total abundances and numbers of species collected by each method in relation to points of treated sewage effluent discharge, but neither community variable showed consistent differences between the areas above, within and well below points of treated sewage effluent discharge in all three river regions. However, classification and ordination of electric fishing catch data produced distinct fish community groups in relation to sewage discharge, while similar analyses of the gillnetting data failed to reveal such differences in community structure. It was suggested that the increased sampling efficiency of electric fishing, both in terms of the number of fish sampled per unit effort and number of species collected, allowed for significant increases in the power of univariate and multivariate analysis methods in detecting such environmental disturbances in large rivers. 相似文献
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OFER CHERBINSKY JODI WESTROPP SELENA TINGA BRIAN JONES RACHEL POLLARD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2010,51(4):462-465
Grass awns are a common cause of foreign body disease in animals, but little is known about their presence in the lower urinary tract. The ultrasonographic features of grass awns in vivo and in vitro have been described in detail. The purpose of this report is to describe the clinical and sonographic features of grass awns in the urinary bladder of dogs and cats. Three male Yorkshire terriers (one of which was examined twice) and one female domestic short‐haired cat were evaluated for signs of lower urinary tract disease, and an intravesicular grass awn was suspected based on ultrasound examination. The grass awn appeared ultrasonographically as a bladder stone (n=1) or a linear hyperechoic structure (n=4) with or without acoustic shadowing that was easy to identify due to contrast with surrounding urine. The presence of a grass awn within the urinary bladder was confirmed during exploratory surgery. In all patients, the route of entry of the grass awn was thought to have been retrograde migration from the urethral opening. The ultrasonographic appearance of grass awns in the bladder is consistent with that in other tissues. 相似文献
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