排序方式： 共有28条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The study was carried out to assess the economic burden of trypanosomosis in three villages of the Metekel zone in 2009. The
disease was found to cause substantial economic losses through cattle mortality, drug purchase, and draft power loss of infected
oxen. The farmers in the area were spending a significantly (p < 0.05) higher amount of money for the treatment of trypanosomosis than all other diseases combined. The overall mortality
rate of cattle due to trypanosomosis was 4.4%. The mortality was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in an area where trypanosomosis prevalence was also higher. Many of the farmers prioritized losses of draft power
as the most important impact of the disease. The overall prevalence of the disease was 12.1%. The disease burden was significantly
(p < 0.05) higher in the rainy season than at other times of the year. In general, farmers had good knowledge on the signs and
seasonality of trypanosomosis. Thus, tsetse suppression activities that involve the local community can be an important tool
towards minimizing the economic burden of the disease in the area. 相似文献
2.
The amount of improved seed used in Nigeria is extremely low. Overall, only 5–10% of cultivated land is planted with improved seeds, and about 10% of rural farmers use improved varieties. The objective of this investigation was to identify determinants of adoption of improved seed by farmers not participating in and those participating in the federal government’s e-wallet program in Nigeria. We determined the impact of the e-wallet program on adoption of improved seed in rural areas. A total of 1200 rural farmers were sampled across six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Results from the use of a bivariate probit model indicated that the e-wallet program continued to become increasingly popular among rural farmers; and that farmers’ literacy, ownership of a mobile phone, value output, mobile network coverage, power for charging phone batteries and contact with extension agents were the positive determinants of farmer participation in the e-wallet program. Cultural obstacles to married women, growers’ age, and increased distance to registration and input collection centers reduced farmers’ tendency to participate in the e-wallet program. The results also showed that rural farmers depended on the e-wallet program for increased use and adoption of improved seed in Nigeria, to boost food security in sub-Saharan Africa. The results suggested the need for an improved e-wallet model by lessening constraints mostly associated with rural information and communication infrastructure, and distance to the registration and input collection centers. 相似文献
3.
Reginald B. Kogbara Abir Al-Tabbaa Srinath R. Iyengar 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,216(1-4):411-427
Stabilisation/solidification (S/S) of heavy metals and a parallel biodegradation of an organic contaminant using magnesium phosphate cements (MPC) was investigated under laboratory conditions. The study was aimed at improving the robustness of S/S technology by encouraging biodegradation in order to bring about some form of contaminant attenuation over time. A silty sand soil, amended with compost was spiked with an organic contaminant, 2-chlorobenzoic acid (2CBA), and two heavy metal compounds, lead nitrate and zinc chloride. Two formulations of the MPC grouts based on different proportions of the cement constituents, with paste pH of approximately 6.5 and 10, were utilised for S/S treatment. The study involved treating the organic contaminant present in the soil with and without the heavy metals by employing the low and high pH MPC grout mixes, and using 10% and 25% compost content. Microbial activity was monitored using dehydrogenase assay, whilst the tests pertaining to the performance criteria such as contaminant concentration, unconfined compressive strength, elastic stiffness, permeability and batch leaching tests were evaluated at set periods. Contaminant recovery analysis after 140 days indicated a similar reduction in 2CBA concentration to approximately 56% in the different grout mixes. The cement constituents exhibited stimulatory and inhibitory effects on soil dehydrogenase activity. Heavy metal leachability as well as the engineering behaviour of the treated soils conformed to acceptable standards. The results of the investigations show considerable promise for the application of MPC in contaminated land remediation. 相似文献
4.
Ihedioha John Ikechukwu Ukachukwu Chimere Victor Ugochukwu Iniobong Chukwuebuka Ikenna Anyogu Davinson Chuka 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(7):1867-1875
Tropical Animal Health and Production - This cross-sectional study evaluated kidney function and urinary analytes in cattle presented for slaughter at Nsukka abattoir, Enugu State, Nigeria. A total... 相似文献
5.
John T Mackie Arvind A Padhye Reginald J Sutherland Warwick A Lamb Stephen Davis 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(3):248-250
This report describes severe generalized granulomatous lymphadenitis and splenitis in a 5-year-old, spayed female, Rottweiler dog with anorexia and diarrhea. There was replacement or effacement of much of the parenchyma of the lymph nodes and spleen by sheets of macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and myriad nonpigmented fungal organisms, most of which appeared to be intracellular. These organisms were very pleomorphic, including large chlamydospore-like cells, small round yeast-like cells, and septate hyphae. A fungus identified as Monocillium indicum was isolated from lymph node tissue. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of infection with Monocillium in either humans or other animals. 相似文献
6.
Mid-infrared spectroscopy was used to discriminate between pure beef and beef containing 20% w/w of a range of potential adulterants (heart, tripe, kidney, and liver). Spectra were acquired from raw samples and from samples cooked using two different cooking regimes. Chemometric methods (principal component analysis, partial least squares regression, and linear discriminant analysis) applied to the spectra showed that discrimination between the pure and adulterated sample types was possible, irrespective of cooking regime. The cross-validated classification success rate obtained was approximately 97%. Discrimination between all five sample types (pure beef and beef containing one of each of the four adulterants) at each level of cook was also possible, but became more difficult as the cooking level increased. 相似文献
7.
Ernest L. Plummer Reginald P. Seiders David E. Seelye Robert R. Stewart 《Pest management science》1984,15(5):509-519
The addition of a hydrocarbon bridge between the 2- and 2′-positions in biphenyl constrains the twist angle between the two phenyl rings to fairly small limits. It has been found that the biological activity of a series of pyrethroid esters, of hydrocarbon bridged biphenyl-3-ylmethanols and of heterocyclic hydrocarbonbridged biphenyl analogues, changes with the length of the bridge. The optimum activity and the maximum biological activity spectrum were found for the esters of three-carbon bridged alcohols. The relationship of the activity to the twist angle for these bridged esters was compared with the activity and spectrum of a series of biphenyl and heterocyclic biphenyl analogues previously reported. A parallel exists between the two series. The optimum twist angle between the aromatic rings of the alcohols, in both the bridged and free rotating analogues, is around 50°. Pyrethroid esters showing the highest activity were produced from 6, 7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo-[a,c]cyclohepten-4-ylmethanol. The biological activity of a series of pyrethroid esters of this alcohol is also reported. 相似文献
8.
The gaseous BeH2 molecule has been synthesized by means of an electrical discharge inside a high-temperature furnace and identified with infrared emission spectroscopy. The antisymmetric stretching mode nu3 has been detected near 2179 reciprocal centimeters. The BeH2 molecule has a linear, symmetric structure with an r0 BeH bond length of 1.333761(2) angstroms. 相似文献
9.
Effects of variety and fertiliser nitrogen on alcohol yield, grain yield, starch and protein content, and protein composition of winter wheat 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Daniel R. Kindred Tamara M.O. Verhoeven Richard M. Weightman J. Stuart Swanston Reginald C. Agu James M. Brosnan Roger Sylvester-Bradley 《Journal of Cereal Science》2008,48(1):46-57
The effects of nitrogen (N) fertiliser on grain size and shape, starch and protein concentration, vitreosity, storage protein composition, and alcohol yield of two winter wheat varieties contrasting in endosperm texture were studied in a field trial in Herefordshire, UK in 2004. Averaged across varieties, the alcohol yield was 439 L/tonne for grain with a protein concentration of 11.5 g/100 g. The soft endosperm wheat variety Riband produced on average 7.7 L more alcohol per tonne of grain at a given protein concentration than the hard endosperm variety, Option. At the same time, N fertiliser was shown to have significant effects on alcohol production through its major influence on grain protein concentration. Averaged over both varieties, there was a reduction in alcohol yield of 5.7 L for each 10 kg increase in protein content per tonne of grain. The starch concentration of Riband was 2.9 g/100 g higher than Option at a given grain protein concentration, supporting its higher observed alcohol yields. A low conversion of starch to alcohol in this study (6.30 L/10 kg starch) compared to the theoretical value (6.61 L/10 kg starch) indicated that there is potential for improvement of this character. The traits relating to grain size and shape were principally influenced by genotype, and were not influenced by N fertiliser. Conversely, there were only minor genotypic effects on grain protein concentration and vitreosity. An important finding was that there were no interactions between variety and N treatment for any of the variables considered, indicating that the response of the two varieties to changes in applied N was the same, resulting in consistent differences in starch concentration and alcohol yield between genotypes at different levels of grain protein. An analysis of the composition of the wheat storage proteins by size-exclusion chromatography showed that the gliadins increased on average by 0.56 g per g increase in total grain protein and were quantitatively the major protein fraction, suggesting that selection for low gliadin content may be a desirable means by which to reduce grain protein, and thereby increase alcohol yield in wheat. The relationship between alcohol yield per unit area and applied N rate was described by a quadratic function and the maximum alcohol yield per unit area was ca. 3630 L/ha. Statistical analysis suggested that the economic optimum rate of N applied for grain yield was close to the optimum N rate for maximum alcohol productivity. 相似文献
10.
Effect of iodine supplementation on thyroid and testicular morphology and function in euthyroid rats
Seventy-five male weaner euthyroid rats, randomly divided into three equal groups were used to evaluate the effect of iodine
supplementation in the diet on growth and spermatogenesis. From the age of six weeks, the rat groups were fed normal diet
containing 0.05 mg iodine/Kg diet (A); normal diet supplemented with 0.5 mg/Kg iodine (B) and normal diet supplemented with
3.0 mg/Kg iodine for a period of 90 days. Thereafter, all three groups were fed the normal diet for another 60 days. Body
weight and feed consumption were determined; morphomeric studies of thyroid glands, testes and epididymes were carried out.
Spermatogenesis was evaluated with epididymal (ESC) and testicular sperm counts (TSC). Increasing iodine intake significantly
(p < 0.05) decreased mean body weight from day 30 of supplementation. Iodine supplementation influenced feed conversion ratio
and efficiency in feed utilization in an inconsistent pattern. Supplementation did not significantly (p > 0.05) alter the
size of thyroid glands, but increased the mean weights of the testes and epididymes to levels significantly (p < 0.05) higher
than values for non-supplemented rats at specific stages of the study, especially at the highest (3 ppm) level of iodine supplementation.
However, supplementation resulted generally in lower sperm counts, which was significant (p < 0.05) in the case of the epididymes.
The results of the study show that iodine supplementation to weaner, non-iodine deficient euthyroid rats at 3ppm not only
retard weight gain but could also reduce fertility by lowering epididymal sperm counts. 相似文献