Clinical,pathologic, and toxicologic characterization of Salvia reflexa (lance-leaf sage) poisoning in cattle fed contaminated hay     

Kip E. Panter  Bryan L. Stegelmeier  Dale R. Gardner  Clinton A. Stonecipher  Stephen T. Lee  Don Kitchen  Adeline Brackett  Charlie Davis 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(3):538

Salvia reflexa (lance-leaf sage)-contaminated alfalfa hay was fed to ~500 mixed-breed beef cattle. Within hours of exposure, nearly half of the cattle developed lethargy, anorexia, depression, and recumbency, followed by bellowing, colic, and death. Even though the uneaten contaminated hay was removed the first day, nearly 100 animals died within the first 48 h. Three of these cattle were examined postmortem, and tissues and hay samples were collected for microscopic and chemical analysis. Several days later, a smaller number of the clinically poisoned cattle developed neurologic disease with aberrant behavior, aggression, icterus, blindness, exhaustion, and death. A total of 165 cattle were fatally poisoned. Poisoned cattle had swollen, dark, mottled livers that had a prominent nutmeg-like lobular pattern on cut section. Histologically, there was severe centrilobular-to-panlobular hepatic necrosis with marked hepatocellular swelling, degeneration, and necrosis. The surviving cattle developed liver disease characterized by altered serum biochemical analyses and microscopic hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis. In subsequent biopsies and analysis, these lesions resolved within 6–7 mo. After confirming toxicity of the hay in cattle, goats, and mice, followed by a mouse bioassay–guided chemical fractionation process, Salvia reflexa was identified as the contaminant in the hay responsible for the hepatotoxicity. S. reflexa has not been reported previously to cause fatal hepatotoxicity in livestock in North America, to our knowledge.  相似文献   

Validation of the periodicity of growth zone formation in the otoliths of four fish species from the Upper Zambezi ecoregion,southern Africa     

Geraldine C Taylor  Richard A Peel  Clinton J Hay  Olaf LF Weyl 《African Zoology》2016,51(3):153-159

In the Upper Zambezi and Okavango ecoregions, Brycinus lateralis, Hepsetus cuvieri, Schilbe intermedius and Serranochromis macrocephalus are important in subsistence fisheries, while S. intermedius and S. macrocephalus are often caught in commercial catches. Despite their importance, there is little information on their age and growth and age validation. Growth zone deposition rate in otoliths of B. lateralis, H. cuvieri, S. intermedius and S. macrocephalus was validated as annual using edge analysis in this study. Annual deposition of growth zones was corroborated by a fluorochrome marking experiment. Both methods demonstrated that one growth zone was deposited annually. Edge analysis demonstrated that the highest proportion of opaque zones was detected between August and December, most likely as a result of slow growth during lower temperature water during the preceding winter. With growth zone deposition validated as annual, future research should focus on determining the growth, maturity and mortality rates of these species, parameters which are important for their management.  相似文献   

Sexing chick embryos: a rapid and simple protocol   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Clinton M  Haines L  Belloir B  McBride D 《British poultry science》2001,42(1):134-138

1. Analysis of gene expression in the developing chick gonads requires the collection of male and female tissues from embryos between 3.5 d and 8.5 d of development. However, male and female chick embryos are indistinguishable by morphological examination before d 7.5 of development. 2. Sex identification of earlier embryos is only possible by molecular methods, which at present are laborious and time consuming. 3. We have devised a PCR-based sexing protocol which combines both sex specific and control reactions in a single tube assay. The assay is rapid and effective over a wide range of DNA concentrations and is tolerant of poor quality DNA. 4. Procedures are described for identifying the sex of individual embryos using either tissue samples or a small number of cells recovered from amniotic fluid.  相似文献   

Prevalence of canine uroliths. Minnesota Urolith Center   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C A Osborne  C W Clinton  L K Bamman  H C Moran  B R Coston  A P Frost 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1986,16(1):27-44

Uroliths obtained from 839 dogs were evaluated by quantitative methods. Struvite was the most prevalent mineral detected; newberyite, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, sodium and ammonium urate, cystine, and silica were detected much less frequently. Seven per cent of the uroliths had an identifiable nucleus and one or more surrounding layers of different mineral types. Although uroliths were found in all parts of the urinary tract, the urinary bladder was most common. Uroliths of different composition were encountered in a variety of breeds of both sexes and different ages.  相似文献   

A spatial risk assessment of bighorn sheep extirpation by grazing domestic sheep on public lands     

Tim E. Carpenter  Victor L. Coggins  Clinton McCarthy  Chans S. O’Brien  Joshua M. O’Brien  Timothy J. Schommer 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014

Bighorn sheep currently occupy just 30% of their historic distribution, and persist in populations less than 5% as abundant overall as their early 19th century counterparts. Present-day recovery of bighorn sheep populations is in large part limited by periodic outbreaks of respiratory disease, which can be transmitted to bighorn sheep via contact with domestic sheep grazing in their vicinity. In order to assess the viability of bighorn sheep populations on the Payette National Forest (PNF) under several alternative proposals for domestic sheep grazing, we developed a series of interlinked models. Using telemetry and habitat data, we characterized herd home ranges and foray movements of bighorn sheep from their home ranges. Combining foray model movement estimates with known domestic sheep grazing areas (allotments), a Risk of Contact Model estimated bighorn sheep contact rates with domestic sheep allotments. Finally, we used demographic and epidemiologic data to construct population and disease transmission models (Disease Model), which we used to estimate bighorn sheep persistence under each alternative grazing scenario. Depending on the probability of disease transmission following interspecies contact, extirpation probabilities for the seven bighorn sheep herds examined here ranged from 20% to 100%. The Disease Model allowed us to assess the probabilities that varied domestic sheep management scenarios would support persistent populations of free-ranging bighorn sheep.  相似文献   

Carbon and net nitrogen mineralisation in two forest soils amended with different concentrations of biuret     

J.M. Xue  R. SandsP.W. Clinton  T.W. PaynM.F. Skinner 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(6):855-866

Biuret is a known contaminant of urea fertilisers that might be useful as a slow release N fertiliser for forestry. We studied carbon (C), net nitrogen (N) mineralisation and soil microbial biomass C and N dynamics in two forest soils (a sandy loam and a silt loam) during a 16-week long incubation following application of biuret (C 23.3%, N 40.8%, O 30.0% and H 4.9%) at concentrations of 0, 2, 10, 100 and 1000 mg kg⁻¹ (oven-dried) soil to assess the potential of biuret as a slow-release N fertiliser. Lower concentrations of biuret specifically increased C mineralisation and soil microbial biomass C in the sandy loam soil, but not in the silt loam soil. A significant decrease of microbial biomass C was found in both soils at week 16 after biuret was applied at higher concentrations. C mineralisation declined with duration of incubation in both soils due to decreased C availability. Biuret at concentrations from 10 to 100 mg kg⁻¹ soil had a significantly positive priming effect on soil organic N mineralisation in both soils. The causes for the priming effects were related to the stimulation of microbial growth and activity at an early stage of the incubation and/or the death of microbes at a later stage, which was biuret-concentration-dependent. The patterns in NH₄⁺-N accumulation differed markedly between the two soils. Net N mineralisation and nitrification were much greater in the sandy loam soil than in the silt loam soil. However, the onset of net nitrification was earlier in the silt loam soil. Biuret might be a potential slow-release N source in the silt loam soil.  相似文献   

An interview with the president. "I'd like to see America used as a global lab"     

Clinton WJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5500):2236-2239

  相似文献   

OOSPORES OF POTATO BLIGHT     

Clinton GP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1911,33(854):744-747

  相似文献   

Comparison of qualitative and quantitative analyses of canine uroliths     

C A Osborne  C W Clinton  H C Moran  N C Bailie 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1986,16(2):317-323

A study was performed to compare qualitative test results of canine uroliths with quantitative test results. Qualitative test results were in agreement with quantitative test results in only 96 of 223 specimens (43 per cent). Lack of agreement was caused by false-negative qualitative test results (85 of 223), false-positive qualitative test results (15 of 233), and a combination of false-negative and false-positive qualitative test results (27 of 233). This study indicates that the veterinary profession should abandon exclusive use of qualitative chemical test kits for uroliths.  相似文献   

A Retrospective Study of Aldosterone Secretion in Normal and Adrenopathic Dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dennis L. Golden DVM  Clinton D. Lothrop Jr DVM  PhD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1988,2(3):121-125

A retrospective study on stored plasma from normal dogs and dogs with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism controlled by mitotane (o,p'-DDD),* iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism, and hypoadrenocorticism was conducted to determine if alterations in aldosterone production exist in these disorders. The plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was measured by radioimmunoassay immediately before and 1 hour after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) administration (0.5 IU/kg, intravenously [IV]). PACs increased significantly when ACTH was administered to normal dogs. Dogs with PDH had a lower baseline PAC, but their PAC increased to levels similar to that of normal dogs after ACTH administration. In dogs with PDH controlled by o,p'-DDD therapy, the response to ACTH was significantly less than that of normal dogs or dogs with untreated PDH. Dogs with iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism had a lower baseline and post-ACTH PAC than normal dogs. Dogs with hypoadrenocorticism had a normal basal PAC, but showed no significant increase in PAC following ACTH administration. These findings suggest that PACs are significantly altered in a variety of adrenal diseases, and that the ACTH stimulation test may be useful when evaluating aldosterone secretion in adrenopathic disorders. In addition, at therapeutic dosages, o,p'-DDD treatment was associated with a decrease in basal and post-ACTH PACs in dogs with PDH.  相似文献