Physeal Fractures in the Horse II. Management and Outcome     

ROLF M. EMBERTSON dvm  LARRY R. BRAMLAGE dvm  ms  Dipiomateacvs ALBERT A. GABEL dvm  ms  Dipiomateacvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(3):230-236

Seventy physeal fractures in horses were initially managed by euthanasia (18), stall confinement (25), application of a cast (7), or internal fixation (20). Of the 52 physeal fractures initially managed with stall confinement, a cast, or internal fixation, 23 (44%) healed and 13 (25%) of these horses became sound. The number of horses less than 4.5 months of age with pressure physeal fractures that became sound was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the number of horses greater than 4.5 months of age. The number of horses with functional, pain-free limbs (sound horses) or functional limbs (lame horses) was not significantly different (p > 0.05) for Salter-Harris Type I, II, III, or IV pressure physeal fractures; however, critical examination for growth disturbances was not performed. The number of horses with pressure or traction physeal fractures of less than 5 days duration prior to presentation that healed or became sound was not significantly different (p > 0.05) when compared with those horses with fractures of greater than or equal to 5 days duration.  相似文献   

Puncture Wounds of the Navicular Bursa in 38 Horses A Retrospective Study     

G. L. RICHARDSON dvm    T. R. O'BRIEN dvm  PhD  Diplomateacvr    J. R. PASCOE bvsc  D. M. MEAGHER dvm  PhD  Dipiomateacvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(2):156-160

The medical records of 38 horses with puncture wounds of the navicular bursa were reviewed. Only 12 horses had a satisfactory outcome (breeding or riding). Of the remaining 26 horses, 19 were euthanized, five were sold due to persistent severe lameness, one died, and one was lost to long-term follow-up. Different combinations of conservative management prior to surgical debridement and drainage of the navicular bursa were unsuccessful in resolving the condition. Horses that were treated surgically within 1 week of the injury and had a hind leg affected had the best chance of a satisfactory outcome. Additional wound debridement was necessary in 15 horses after initial surgical treatment. The most common complications encountered were navicular bone osteomyelitis and sepsis of the deep digital flexor tendon. Thirteen of 14 horses that had rupture of the deep digital flexor tendon and subluxation of the distal interphalangeal joint had an unsatisfactory outcome. One mare subsequently developed ankylosis of the distal interphalangeal joint and was a useful brood mare. Two horses that had biaxial palmar digital neurectomy because of persistent lameness were later euthanized because of navicular bone fracture and rupture of the deep digital flexor tendon. Results from limited numbers of bacterial cultures and antibiotic sensitivities suggest that penicillin and an aminoglycoside antibiotic should be used as initial antibiotic therapy. Immediate surgical debridement and appropriate antibiotic treatment are recommended as the minimum therapy for penetrating wounds of the navicular bursa in horses.  相似文献   

Arthroscopic Study of Cranial Cruciate Ligament and Medial Meniscal Lesions in the Dog     

GEORGE B. SIEMERING dvm  ROBERT E. EILERT md   《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(3):265-269

Twenty stifles (10 dogs) were studied for a period of 1 year after various lesions of the cranial cruciate ligament and medial meniscus were produced surgicaoy. Through serial arthroscopic evaluations, degenerative processes In stifles with a "torn" cranial cruciate ligament were documented. Intra-articular changes were minimal after partial meniscectomy and were severe after total meniscectomy. Multiple arthroscopies caused no demonstrable changes.  相似文献   

Coxofemoral Luxation in the Dog and Cat     

ANTHONY W. P. BASHER BVetMed  mrcvs  MARY C. WALTER dvm  CHARLES D. NEWTON dvm  ms  Diplomateacvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(5):356-362

The medical records from 95 cases of coxofemoral luxation in dogs and cats were reviewed. Unilateral craniodorsal luxation was most common, (78.1% of dogs, 72.7% of cats). Trauma from being struck by an automobile was the most frequent cause (59.0%). Treatment was closed (manual) or open (surgical) reduction. The failure rate following single closed reduction was 64.8%. The surgical reduction procedure included capsular repair (capsulorrhaphy) via a craniolateral approach to the hip or via trochanteric osteotomy or gluteal tenotomy. The success rate following reduction via the craniolateral approach was 82%; no failure was recorded with trochanteric transposition, but reluxa-tion followed the single gluteal tenotomy. The Ehmer sling was the most common external fixation and was kept in place an average of 12.5 days. Thirty-three animals were available for follow-up, and no difference was recorded in limb function between the two groups of animals treated by closed vs surgical reduction. Patients with degenerative joint disease at the time of luxation were less likely to be successfully reduced; 64.3% of these animals were eventually treated by femoral head and neck excision. Thirty-eight patients had associated major injuries. Long-term follow-up results were better in those patients with concomitant orthopedic injuries than in those without other injuries.  相似文献   

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Force-Plate Analysis of Gait in Dogs With Healed Femora After Leg-Lengthening Plate Fixation     

PETER MUIR BVSc  MVetClinStud  PhD  MACVSC  MRCVS    MARK D. MARKEL DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS    JOHN J. BOGDANSKE BS  KENNETH A. JOHNSON MVSC  PHD  FACVSc  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(1):15-24

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density of four regions in healed femora of nine dogs after fracture fixation with a leg-lengthening plate. Six to 85 months (mean, 46 months) after surgery, the bone mineral density of healed femora was not significantly different from the contralateral uninjured femora ( P >.05; power = 0.8 at Δ= 15%). Radio-lucencies around the proximal screws, apparently associated with screw loosening, were seen on radiographic views of the healed femora of three dogs. In one of these dogs, one screw in the proximal metaphysis had broken. Force-plate analysis of gait was also performed on dogs at the time of bone mineral density measurement. Peak vertical force was decreased in the pelvic limb with the healed fracture compared with the contralateral unoperated limb ( P < 0.05). Clinically apparent lameness in three dogs did not appear to be associated with altered bone mineral density and may have been caused by hip osteoarthritis, a nondisplaced hairline diaphyseal fracture, and screw loosening in conjunction with extensive post-traumatic soft tissue injury.  相似文献   

Effects of Thiopental, Ketamine, Diazepam, Xylazine, and Nitrous Oxide on EEG Spike Activity and Convulsive Behavior During Enflurane Anesthesia in Atropinized Cats Effect of Increasing Inhalant Concentrations     

YOSHIAKI HIKASA DVM  PhD    MASAAKI KUBOTA DVM  MS    KATSUAKI TAKASE dvm  PhD    TOMOKO KAKUTA mt  SHIGEO OGASAWARA dvm  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(4):311-317

The effects of thiopental, ketamine, diazepam, xylazine, and nitrous oxide, and the combinations of thiopental-nitrous oxide and ketamine-nitrous oxide, on both enflurane-induced electroencephalographic (EEG) spike activity and convulsive behavior were measured quantitatively in atropinized cats receiving enflurane with controlled ventilation. Pretreatments with thiopental, ketamine, and diazepam reduced both EEG spike frequency and amplitude at 2.5% to 4.5% inspired enflurane but did not abolish spike activity. Nitrous oxide (66% of inspired gas) did not significantly alter spike frequency or amplitude during 2.5% to 4.5% inspired enflurane, but the combination of thiopental-nitrous oxide or ketamine-nitrous oxide reduced EEG spike activity during 2.5% inspired enflurane. Enflurane-induced convulsive score was markedly suppressed by thiopental and ketamine and was significantly reduced by diazepam, xylazine and nitrous oxide. The combinations of thiopental-nitrous oxide and ketamine-nitrous oxide greatly reduced behavioral-convulsive responses induced by 2.5% to 4.5% inspired enflurane.  相似文献   

Hepatic Lobe Torsion as a Cause of Colic in a Horse   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

TRACY A. TURNER DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    CYNTHIA A. BROWN dvm    JULIA H. WILSON DVM  Diplomate ACVIM    LOIS ROTH DVM  Diplomate ACVP    DIANA S. ROSENSTEIN DVM    CHRISTINE M. SCHWEIZER dvm  KRISTINE A. WOODAMAN dvm 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(4):301-304

A 14-year-old Arabian gelding was examined for colic. An exploratory celiotomy was subsequently performed and the left lobe of the liver was found to be twisted. The lobe was resected using a TA-90 surgical stapling instrument. Histologic examination of the resected liver indicated portal vein and sinusoid dilation and congestion with blood. There were focal areas of necrosis and bacterial cocci and rods throughout the section. The histologic findings were consistent with hepatic lobe torsion. After surgery, the horse was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, heparin, and intravenous fluids. The horse recovered without complications, although serum liver enzymes remained elevated for more than 1 week after surgery. Seven months after surgery the horse showed no adverse affects from the disease.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of midazolam administered concurrently with ketamine after intravenous bolus or infusion in dogs     

S. A. BROWN  J. D.JACOBSON  S. M. HARTSFIELD 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1993,16(4):419-425

Brown, S.A., Jacobson, J.D., Hartsfield, S.M. Pharmacokinetics of midazolam administered concurrently with ketamine after intravenous bolus or infusion in dogs. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 16 , 419–425. Midazolam, a water-soluble benzodiazepine tranquilizer, has been considered by some veterinary anaesthesiologists to be suitable as a combination anaesthetic agent when administered concurrently with ketamine because of its water solubility and miscibility with ketamine. However, the pharmacokinetics of midazolam have not been extensively described in the dog. Twelve clinically healthy mixed breed dogs (22.2–33.4 kg) were divided into two groups at random and were administered ketamine (10 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) either as an intravenous bolus over 30 s (group 1) or as an i.v. infusion in 0.9% NaCl (2 ml/kg) over 15 min. Blood samples were obtained immediately before the drugs were injected and periodically for 6 h afterwards. Serum concentrations were determined using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. Serum concentrations were best described using a two-compartment open model and indicated a t_½α of 1.8 min and t_½β.p of 27.8 min after i.v. bolus, and t_½α f 1–35 min and t_½β of 31.6 min after i.v. infusion. The calculated pharmacokinetic coefficient B was significantly smaller after i.v. infusion (429 ± 244 ng/ml) than after i.v. bolus (888 ± 130 ng/ml, P = 0.004). Furthermore, AUC was significantly smaller after i.v. infusion (29 800 ±6120 ng/h/ml) than after i.v. bolus (42 500 ± 8460 ng/h/ml, P < 0.05), resulting in a larger Cl_B after i.v. infusion (17.4 ± 4.00 ml/min/kg than after i.v. bolus (12.1 ± 2.24 ml/min/kg, P < 0.05). No other pharmacokinetic value was significantly affected by rate of intravenous administration.  相似文献   

Oxalate Nephrosis and Renal Sclerosis After Renal Transplantation in a Cat     

C. R. GREGORY dvm    H. J. OLANDER dvm  PhD    E. J. KOCHIN vmd    I. M. GOURLEY dvm  PhD    D. COUSYN dvm  J. LEVY dvm 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(3):221-224

A 10-year-old castrated domestic shorthair cat received two renal allografts, 14 days apart, for the treatment of chronic renal failure. Oxalate nephrosis developed in both allografts, and they became nonfunctional. During the transplantation period, the cat was not exposed to exogenous sources of oxalate, and there was no evidence of primary type 2 hyperoxaluria before surgery. Urologic surgery, in particular renal transplantation, has been identified as a factor that can precipitate renal failure in human patients with decompensated renal function and hyperoxaluria. If hyperoxaluria was present before surgery in this cat, it was most likely caused by increased absorption or decreased metabolism of dietary oxalate.  相似文献   

Corneocyte Counts for Evaluation of Antiseborrheic Shampoos in Dogs     

JOHN G. GORDON  KENNETH W. KWOCHKA 《Veterinary dermatology》1993,4(2):57-60

Abstract— An objective method for measuring corneocyte numbers before and after antiseborrheic shampoo therapy was assessed in dogs. Corneocytes were collected from six skin regions on the dorsal trunk of nine colony-raised beagles with clinically normal skin. Forty-eight collection sites were randomly assigned a treatment with one of seven medicated shampoos or water alone; six additional sites served as non-treated controls. Corneocytes were collected immediately before the first treatment, and 14 and 28 days after initiation of therapy with a 0.1% Tween 80 surfactant and a quantitative cup-scrub technique. Pretreatment corneocyte counts were not significantly different among the nine dogs nor among the randomly assigned treatment and control sites (3.55 · 10⁴ cells.cm^-2, SEM 0.17). Corneocyte counts increased in all treatment and control sites from days 0 to 14. Corneocyte counts were similar in the non-treated and water-treated sites from days 14 to 28. Corneocyte counts were not significantly different when the same treatments were compared on days 0, 14 and 28, or when different treatments were compared on the same day. The corneocyte collection technique used in this study proved to be a reliable method for assessing the rate of cell desquamation and cell surface cohesion in dogs.  相似文献