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Jane Christopher-Hennings Matthew A Dammen Shelleen R Weeks William B Epperson Shri N Singh Gina L Steinlicht Ying Fang Jessica L Skaare Jill L Larsen Janet B Payeur Eric A Nelson 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2003,15(2):87-93
In this study, 5 combinations of 2 DNA extractions and 3 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were compared with culture for the detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis directly from bovine feces. These combinations included a new commercial extraction technique combined with a commercial PCR/Southern blot technique, nested PCR (nPCR), or real-time PCR, and a university-developed extraction combined with nPCR or real-time PCR. Four of the 5 combinations had statistically similar sensitivities between 93% and 100% and specificity between 95% and 100%, when compared with culture results from 63 bovine fecal samples. These results indicated that using a commercial extraction with a commercial PCR/Southern blot, nPCR, or real-time PCR, or a university-developed extraction with real-time PCR would result in similar sensitivities to culture for the identification of M. paratuberculosis from bovine feces and are valid alternatives to culture. 相似文献
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Berit Muan Janneche Utne Skre Nils E. Sli Kari Grave Stig
degaard 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1985,26(3):352-362
The clinical effect, residues in milk and toxicological properties of a non-commercial formulation of malathion used as an ectoparasitic agent on cattle were investigated. The results show that the malathion preparation has a desired clinical effect. The maximum concentration of malathion in milk after topical application of 5 g malathion was 0.054 μg/ml 4–6 h post-treatment, and declined to 0.005 and 0.002 μg/ml 24 and 48 h post-treatment, respectively. Totally 0.006–0.03 % of the applied dose was excreted in the milk. No toxic effect, measured as inhibition of the cholinesterases in erythrocytes and plasma, could be detected after therapeutic use of malathion.The pharmacokinetic evaluation after 2.5 g intravenous administration of malathion, indicated that the kinetics could probably be described by a multicompartment model. 相似文献
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Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of fish soluble additives in fish meal used as a protein source in dry diets to rainbow trout. Experiment I was made up by 3 dietary groups, run with 4 replicates of 100 trout on each diet. The protein sources examined were as follows: (1) presscakemeal, (2) whole meal, and (3) whole meal + lysine to the same levels as (1). The experiment was run for 12 weeks with ad libitum feeding three times a day. The results showed significantly lower (P < 0.05) weight gain for trout given presscakemeal as compared with whole meal. Experiment II evaluated 3 diets, run in triplicates with 100 trout in each aquarium. Presscakemeal (1), whole meal (2), and whole meal + extra addition of fish solubles (3) were examined as protein sources. The experiment was conducted for 16 weeks. The average weight gains were not significantly different among the dietary groups. The conclusion drawn from the experiments is that fish meal with fish soluble additives is preferred as a protein source in feed for rainbow trout. 相似文献
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Janneche Utne Skaare Gunnar Berge Stig
degaard Kari Grave 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1982,23(1):16
The concentrations of methoxychlor in cow milk and plasma were determined following a cutaneous application of a non-commercial emulsion and an intravenous injection of a solution containing 5 and 1 g methoxychlor, respectively. Furthermore, some pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated and the results were evaluated toxicologically by comparison with the acceptable daily intake.Maximum concentration of methoxychlor in milk, found 2 days after dermal administration, was 0.062 ppm, decreasing to around 0.005 ppm 30 days later.From the results, a distribution volume greater than 200 times the body volume, a dermal absorption of around 1/5 of the topically applicated dose, and a half-life of 8–10 days were estimated.It was concluded that the levels in cow milk, following dermal application with an emulsion of methoxychlor did not represent any threat to human health and methoxychlor was recommended as a pesticide of choice for use on dairy cows. 相似文献
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Robert J. Lennox Henrik H. Berntsen Åse Helen Garseth Scott G. Hinch Kjetil Hindar Ola Ugedal Kjell R. Utne Knut Wiik Vollset Frederick G. Whoriskey Eva B. Thorstad 《Fish and Fisheries》2023,24(5):759-776
While populations of other migratory salmonids suffer in the Anthropocene, pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbusca Salmonidae) are thriving, and their distribution is expanding both within their natural range and in the Atlantic and Arctic following introduction of the species to the White Sea in the 1950s. Pink salmon are now rapidly spreading in Europe and even across the ocean to North America. Large numbers of pink salmon breed in Norwegian rivers and small numbers of individuals have been captured throughout the North Atlantic since 2017. Although little is known about the biology and ecology of the pink salmon in its novel distribution, the impacts of the species' introduction are potentially highly significant for native species and watershed productivity. Contrasts between pink salmon in the native and extended ranges will be key to navigating management strategies for Atlantic nations where the pink salmon is entrenching itself among the fish fauna, posing potential threats to native fish communities. One key conclusion of this paper is that the species' heritable traits are rapidly selected and drive local adaptation and evolution. Within the Atlantic region, this may facilitate further establishment and spread. The invasion of pink salmon in the Atlantic basin is ultimately a massive ecological experiment and one of the first examples of a major faunal change in the North Atlantic Ocean that is already undergoing rapid changes due to other anthropogenic stressors. New research is urgently needed to understand the role and potential future impacts of pink salmon in Atlantic ecosystems. 相似文献
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The concentration of aldrin epoxidase was significantly greater in the livers of Norwegian Pelt lambs than in those of Rygja lambs but did not differ significantly between either of these two breeds and Spael lambs. Conversely, although there was no detectable EROD activity in the livers of many of the lambs in all three breeds, the median activity was greater in the livers of Rygja lambs than was the case for Spael lambs.Abbreviations EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- EROD
7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase
- GST
glutathioneS-transferase 相似文献