Salmonella contamination of poultry flocks in The Netherlands     

A W vd Giessen  R Peters  P A Berkers  W H Jansen  S H Notermans 《The Veterinary quarterly》1991,13(1):41-46

The contamination of poultry in the Netherlands with Salmonella enteritidis was tested. For this, different methods (detection of S. enteritidis in faecal samples of 25 g; detection of S. enteritidis in cloacal swabs; detection of S. enteritidis by serological testing of antibodies in serum) were compared for their efficiency to detect S. enteritidis in flocks of poultry. Testing of faecal samples clearly yielded the best results. This method was used in a transmission study, in which 14 flocks descending from a contaminated primary mother flock were screened for the presence of S. enteritidis. The method was also used for screening 49 flocks of laying hens and 52 flocks of broiler chickens throughout the Netherlands. From the transmission study it became clear that S. enteritidis, phage type 2 (Dutch phage set) was isolated both from the mother flock and from five of the descendent flocks. Screening of poultry flocks for the presence of salmonella revealed that salmonella was present in 47% of the layer flocks and in 94% of the broiler flocks. S. enteritidis was isolated from 15% of the flocks screened.  相似文献   

Nutrient intake of horses in Thoroughbred and Standardbred stables     

LL SOUTHWOOD  DL EVANS†  WL BRYDEN‡  RJ ROSE 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(5):164-168

SUMMARY Twenty-five Thoroughbred (TB) and 25 Standardbred (SB) stables were visited to determine their feeding practices. The ingredients of the main feed of the day for a mature gelding of average size in full training were weighed at each stable. Nutrient content of diets was calculated using published data for the individual ingredients. Results are expressed as mean±sd. The estimated body weight of TB horses was 493±34 kg and 437±32 kg for SB horses. There was considerable variation in diet composition and nutrient intake between stables. The TB trainers fed 11.0±2.4 kg and SB trainers 11.8±2.5 kg per day. The concentrate component of the diet weighed 7.8±1.6 and 7.7±2.3 kg for TB and SB stables, respectively, and the roughage component for TB horses 3.3±1.4 and SB horses 4.1±1.4 kg per day. The digestible energy intake of horses at TB stables was 129±29 MJ per day and at SB stables 132±31 MJ per day. Crude protein intake of TB horses was 1452±363 g and SB horses 1442±338 g per day. There were differences in some feeding practices at TB and SB stables. Standardbred trainers fed more roughage than TB trainers. Standardbred trainers fed chaffed lucerne (alfalfa) and cereal hays as the major roughage, whereas TB trainers fed more hay. The major hay type fed by TB trainers was lucerne, whereas many SB trainers preferred clover hay. Both trainers fed oats as the major grain, but TB trainers fed slightly more maize (corn) than SB trainers. The SB trainers fed barley as part of the concentrate component of the diet, whereas TB trainers usually fed boiled barley and linseed oil in winter only. Although many trainers used vitamin and mineral supplements, this appeared unnecessary in many Instances, especially with respect to Iron. Calcium and NaCI supplementation was necessary for some diets. We concluded that while there was a wide range in feed intake and diet composition for both TB and SB horses, average nutrient intakes were similar to National Research Council (1989) recommendations for horses performing intense work.  相似文献   

Determinants of income-earning strategies and adoption of conservation practices in hillside communities in rural Honduras     

Hans G.P. Jansen  Angel Rodriguez  Amy Damon  John Pender  Jacqueline Chenier  Rob Schipper 《Agricultural Systems》2006

Based on the results of participatory diagnostic surveys conducted in 95 rural communities in the hillsides of Honduras, we determine income earning strategies at the community level; identify their main determinants; and analyze the adoption of of conservation practices. Eight income-earning strategies were distinguished that reflect differences in comparative advantage between communities. We explain the choice of income earning strategy using a multinomial logit model that includes biophysical, economic, social and institutional variables. We use a probit model to show that adoption of conservation practices is determined by the type of income earning strategy, population density, market access, and organizational variables.  相似文献   

Fat feeding increases equine heparin-released lipoprotein lipase activity     

Geelen SN  Jansen WL  Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM  Breukink HJ  Beynen AC 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(5):478-481

The aim of this study was to establish the dose-response relationship between fat intake and heparin-released plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in horses. Eight mature trotters were fed 4 rations with different fat levels (3.0, 5.0, 7.7, or 10.8% fat in the dry matter) according to a 4 X 4 Latin square design. The experimental rations consisted of hay and different concentrates; the concentrates and hay were given in a 3:1 ratio on an energy basis. Soybean oil was added to the concentrates at the expense of isoenergetic amounts of glucose. Blood samples were taken at the end of each dietary period, which lasted 3 weeks. Fat feeding was found to increase heparin-released plasma LPL activity in a dose-dependent fashion. When the data from this study and previous studies were combined it was calculated that an increase in fat intake by 1 g/kg dry matter is associated with an increase in LPL activity by 0.98 micromol fatty acid released-mL(-1) x h(-1). Fat feeding raised the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and phospholipids. Diet did not have a statistically significant effect on plasma triacylglycerol concentrations. The results are discussed in the light of the possible enhancing effect of fat feeding on the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle.  相似文献   

Hepatic vasculopathy and encephalopathy in Brahman-type calves     

PA GILL  WL TOWNSEND 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(2):69-69

  相似文献   

Identification of several stilbene derivatives in bovine urine by means of high performance liquid chromatographic fractionation and immunochemical detection     

E H Jansen  R H van den Berg  H van Blitterswijk  R Both-Miedema  R W Stephany 《The Veterinary quarterly》1984,6(1):5-7

Radioimmunochemical detection (RIA) following fractionation of urine extracts via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) turned out to be a very specific method for the identification of stilbene derivatives in bovine urine. Combination of the high resolution of the HPLC with a specific RIA is a suitable method to discriminate between the presence of different stilbene derivatives like diethylstilboestrol (DES), dienoestrol (DE) and hexoestrol (HEX) or other unknown compounds interfering in the celite-RIA used in the screening. Using this screening method 8200 samples of bovine urine were investigated on the presence of stilbene derivatives of which 133 were classified as 'positive'. In 106 'positive' urines the presence of DES was shown and in 19 'positive' urines the presence of DE or HEX, using the method described in this report whereas in 8 'positive' urines an unknown immunochemical active compound was detected. During 1.5 year of comparative investigation no qualitative discrepancies occurred between the results of the HPLC-immunogram procedure and the final confirmation by high resolution gas chromatography-mass spectometry (GCMS).  相似文献   

Hypofractionated radiation therapy for the treatment of malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma in dogs and cats     

Kinzel S  Hein S  Stopinski T  Koch J  Buecker A  Treusacher HP  Schmachtenberg A  Jansen T  Eble M  Küpper W 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,116(3-4):134-138

This study describes the experience with hypofractionated radiation therapy of squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma in dogs and cats. A total dose of 32-48 Gray (Gy) was delivered once a week in 8 Gy fractions. 34 animals in which a complete surgical excision was impossible were treated. There was no tumor detectable macroscopically in 14 patients at the beginning of radiation therapy. In 20 animals the median volume of the tumor was 9.9 cm3. The median survival times and the local tumor control of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral and nasal cavities and of the body are comparable to results which were reached with a Monday-Wednesday-Friday scheme. For the treatment of Melanoma the hypofractionated radiation therapy is first choice. There are no significant side effects. Late side effects did not occur. 88% of the owners are satisfied with this kind of treatment and would choose it again.  相似文献   

The effect of replacing nonstructural carbohydrates with soybean oil on the digestibility of fibre in trotting horses     

Jansen WL  van der Kuilen J  Geelen SN  Beynen AC 《Equine veterinary journal》2000,32(1):27-30

The hypothesis tested was that the intake of extra fat at the expense of an isoenergetic amount of nonstructural carbohydrates reduces fibre utilisation in horses. In a crossover trial with feeding periods of 42 days each, 6 mature trotting horses (age 4-12 years, bodyweight 340-476 kg) were given either a control or test diet. The test concentrate was formulated to contain 37% of net energy in the form of soybean oil. The control concentrate contained an isoenergetic amount of corn starch plus glucose. The concentrates were fed in combination with the same amount of hay so that the control and test diet contained 25.13 and 86.66 g crude fat/kg dry matter, respectively. Apart from the amounts of fat and nonstructural carbohydrates, the 2 diets were identical. The test diet reduced the apparent total tract digestibilities of crude fibre, neutral and acid detergent fibre by 8.0 (P = 0.007), 6.2 (P = 0.022) and 8.3 (P = 0.0005) percentage units, respectively. It is suggested that a high fat intake by horses may increase the amount of fat entering the large intestine to levels that depress fermentation by cellulolytic bacteria. The observed interaction between fat content of the diet and fibre utilisation may have consequences for practical horse feeding in that calculating the energy content of test diets on the basis of feedstuff tables leads to overestimating the amount of energy provided by the high-fibre ingredients of the diets.  相似文献   

Precision of estimated QTL positions in granddaughter designs using combined haplotype sharing TDT and linkage analysis     

Davood Kolbehdari  Gerald B. Jansen  Ian McMillan  L.R. Schaeffer   《Livestock Science》2006,105(1-3):137-143

The aim of this study was to develop the linear haplotype sharing transmission disequilibrium test (LHS-TDT) method and combine this method with the simple regression method to estimate the precision of QTL positions in granddaughter designs. This precision was determined by Monte Carlo simulation in granddaughter designs. A single bi-allelic QTL at the midpoint of a linkage group and 26 markers with 1 cM intervals and with two alleles each were simulated. Three linear models, (i.e. the simple regression model, the linear haplotype sharing TDT method and the combination of these two models) were compared. The mean of absolute differences (A) between the estimated and true QTL position of each method was considered for six different scenarios consisting of combinations of a number of markers and the most frequent haplotypes. The mean of A, using the simple regression method, was 4.38 centimorgan (cM). The means of A using the LHS-TDT method were less than the simple regression method in all scenarios and ranged from 1.86 to 3.82 cM depending on the scenario. The mean of A using the combined method was more than the LHS-TDT method and less than the simple regression method. The means of A using the combined method ranged from 2.32 to 4.36 cM. Therefore, for populations similar to those population simulated in this study, the LHS-TDT was better than the simple regression method and the combined method for precision of estimated QTL position in granddaughter designs.  相似文献   

Effective control for diethylstilbestrol in cattle in the Netherlands     

E H Jansen  R W Stephany 《The Veterinary quarterly》1985,7(1):35-38

In the period from August 1981 to April 1983, 10243 random samples of urine from slaughtered cattle were inspected for the presence of the stilbene derivatives diethylstilbestrol (DES), dienestrol (DE), and hexestrol (HEX). Fast screening of all samples was performed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) with prior clean-up column chromatography. In this screening, 216 samples were indicated for confirmatory analyses by combined high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-GCMS) on account of an immunochemical response equivalent to 1 microgram/1 DES or more. The presence of DES was confirmed in 184 samples, DE in 5 samples and HEX in 14 samples. In the remaining 13 samples no stilbene derivative could be confirmed. From the results in 1984, after the introduction of the Meat Inspection Act, it is concluded that the use of stilbene derivatives in cattle in the Netherlands has dropped almost to zero. Of 4558 samples investigated, only 6 (0.13%) were indicated as 'stilbene' positive. The presence of DES was confirmed in 2 samples and DE in 4 samples.  相似文献