Influence of three anesthetic protocols on glomerular filtration rate in dogs   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Fusellier M  Desfontis JC  Madec S  Gautier F  Debailleul M  Gogny M 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(8):807-811

OBJECTIVE: To investigate renal function in clinically normal dogs when awake and during anesthesia with medetomidine; xylazine, ketamine, and halothane (XKH) combination; or propofol. ANIMALS: 10 adult female Beagles. PROCEDURES: At intervals of 15 days, dogs were administered medetomidine (0.05 mg/kg, IV); XKH combination (xylazine [1 mg/kg, IV], ketamine [5 mg/kg, IV], and halothane [1% end-tidal concentration]); or propofol (6 mg/kg, IV) to induce anesthesia or no treatment. Glomerular filtration rate was assessed on the basis of renal uptake (RU; determined via renal scintigraphy) and plasma clearance (CL) of technetium 99m-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA). RESULTS: In awake dogs, mean +/- SEM RU was 9.7 +/- 0.4% and CL was 3.86 +/- 0.23 mL/min/ kg. Renal uptake and CL of (99m)Tc-DTPA were not significantly modified by administration of XKH (RU, 11.4 +/- 0.9%; CL, 4.6 +/- 0.32 mL/min/kg) or propofol (RU, 9.7 +/- 0.3%; CL, 3.78 +/- 0.37 mL/min/kg). Half-life elimination time of plasma (99m)Tc-DTPA decreased significantly in XKH-anesthetized dogs, compared with the value in awake dogs (14.4 minutes and 28.9 minutes, respectively). However, glomerular filtration rate was significantly decreased by administration of medetomidine (RU, 3.9 +/- 0.1%), and the time to maximum kidney activity was significantly increased (867 +/- 56 seconds vs 181 +/- 11 seconds without anesthesia). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that anesthesia with propofol or an XKH combination did not alter renal function in healthy Beagles, but anesthesia with medetomidine decreased early RU of (99m)Tc-DTPA.  相似文献   

The On-Farm Trials of the Rotational Prawn-Rice Farming in a Semi-Deep Water Area     

Lam My Lan  Jean-Claude Micha  Duong Nhut Long  Tran Thanh Hai 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3):168-183

ABSTRACT

The on-farm trials of rotational rice-prawn farming in a semi-deep water area in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam was carried out in six rice fields (0.7–1.0 ha) to evaluate the production and economic efficiency of using low and high cost feed on prawn culture in paddies at different densities. Two stocking densities of 4 and 5 PL/m² were investigated. Two treatments of feed types (pellets only or a combination of pellets, trash fish, and snail meat) were applied at stocking 4 PL/m². At the treatment of 5 PL/m², prawns were fed a combination of pellets, trash fish, and snail meat. Prawns were stocked in the mid-April and harvested in mid‐November before the next dry season rice crop. Rice farming was started 3 to 5 days after prawn harvesting. By cull harvesting during the culture period, final mean weights of prawn ranged from 47.2 to 57.2 g/prawn and the male:female ratio at harvesting was 2.5:1.0. The prawn yield of treatment 5 PL/m² was highest (630 ± 22 kg/ha). Net profits in treatments using the combination of pellets, trash fish, and snail meat were 861 ± 193 US$/ha to 1,019 ± 25 US$/ha for the prawn crop and 1,393 ± 71 US$/ha to 1,576 ± 180 US$/ha for the whole system (prawn crop + dry rice crop) and significantly higher than in treatment using pellet only (P < 0.05). Prawns fed on pellets or a combination of pellets and snail meat both offer similar results in terms of production and economics. The dry rice crop offered high cost benefit ratio (2.29–2.33) with low operating cost (414–434 USD/ha) and it made a better use in sustainable rice fields through the rotational rice-prawn system.  相似文献   

Comparison of tick resistance of crossbred Senepol × Limousin to purebred Limousin cattle     

Thomas Hüe  Jean-Claude Hurlin  Magali Teurlai  Michel Naves 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(2):447-453

The comparison of resistance to natural tick infestation by Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) of crossbred Senepol?×?Limousin and purebred Limousin cattle was investigated. The Senepol breed, originated from St Croix Island in the Caribbean is considered as a Bos taurus breed adapted to tropical conditions. Despite its B. taurus genetic background, it is believed to have a good tick resistance, but this resistance has never been assessed previously. Tick counts under natural infestation were carried out to investigate the difference of susceptibility between crossbred Senepol?×?Limousin and purebred Limousin cattle. Mixed-effect models were used to assess the effect of the breed on the number of ticks. Results show that Senepol?×?Limousin are five times less infested by ticks than purebred Limousin. These results underline the opportunity to use Senepol cattle for crossing with susceptible B. taurus breeds in tick infested areas, to combine tick resistance with beef production abilities.  相似文献   

Production of meiotic gynogenetic and triploid sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L.: 1. Performances, maturation and carcass quality     

Stefano Peruzzi  Batrice Chatain  Eric Saillant  Pierrick Haffray  Bruno Menu  Jean-Claude Falguire 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,230(1-4):41-64

Meiotic gynogenetic and triploid sea bass were produced by pressure shocks according to a previously published protocol. Pressure-treated groups did not survive as well as controls during early development and larval rearing. Performances, sexual maturation and carcass quality were examined over a period of 34–45 months. At the age of 34 months, growth of the gynogenetic fish was comparable to that of the control but inferior in the triploid fish. A predominance of male fish was found within the triploid groups, while diploid and meiotic gynogenetic fish showed equal proportions of the sexes. Gonadal maturation in triploid fish was significantly impaired, particularly in the females that showed rudimentary ovaries. Triploid males exhibited primary maturation but proved to be gametically sterile. Pressure-induced triploids did not grow as well as diploids, but these results might be ascribed to specific on-growing conditions (communal rearing). The performance of gynogenetic sea bass was comparable to that of control. The superiority of diploid fish over their triploid counterparts was confirmed during the final growing period and more clearly so in females. Performances of triploids varied according to their maternal origin. Overall, striking qualitative differences between diploid and triploid fish were found at the age of 34 and 45 months, although the results varied in a gender-specific manner. A strong maternal effect was also observed. The potential advantages of triploid sea bass for aquaculture purposes are discussed.  相似文献   

Release of nucleotides and nucleosides during yeast autolysis: kinetics and potential impact on flavor     

Charpentier C  Aussenac J  Charpentier M  Prome JC  Duteurtre B  Feuillat M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(8):3000-3007

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Larval performances and life cycle completion of the Siberian moth, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dendrolimus sibiricus</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), on potential host plants in Europe: a laboratory study on potted trees     

Natalia Kirichenko  Julie Flament  Yuri Baranchikov  Jean-Claude Grégoire 《European Journal of Forest Research》2011,130(6):1067-1074

The Siberian moth, Dendrolimus sibiricus, Tschtv. is the most harmful defoliator of coniferous forests in North Asia. The pest has already spread over the Urals and continues moving westwards. Recently, it has been recommended for quarantine in member countries by European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). The performances of the pest on coniferous species planted in Europe were assessed on a range of potted trees corresponding to the spectrum of economically important conifers in the EU: European larch Larix decidua, Norway spruce Picea abies, Scots pine Pinus sylvestris, European black pine Pinus nigra, and the North American species: Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii and grand fir Abies grandis. Larvae showed a potential to survive and complete the development on all these host tree species. Favorable hosts were grand fir, European larch, and Douglas fir that allowed higher survival, better larval development, and as a result, yielded heavier pupae and adult moths with higher longevity. Black pine was a poor host but, however, could still support larval and pupal development. Norway spruce and Scots pine had an intermediate behavior. If accidentally introduced to Europe, the Siberian moth may become especially damaging in forest stands predominated by European larch and by the North American firs. Norway spruce and especially the two-needle pines will be less prone to intensive defoliation by this species. The fact that the pest may damage the range of economically important coniferous species should be taken into account in the pest risk assessment for Europe and also for North America where the Siberian moth occurrence is considered likely.  相似文献   

Compared effects of long-term pig slurry applications and mineral fertilization on soil denitrification and its end products (N2O, N2)     

Christophe Dambreville  Catherine Hénault  Florian Bizouard  Thierry Morvan  Rémi Chaussod  Jean-Claude Germon 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(6):490-500

The long-term (9 years) effect of pig slurry applications vs mineral fertilization on denitrifying activity, N₂O production and soil organic carbon (C) (extractable C, microbial biomass C and total organic C) was compared at three soil depths of adjacent plots. The denitrifying activities were measured on undisturbed soil cores and on sieved soil samples with acetylene method to estimate denitrification rates under field or potential conditions. Pig slurry applications had a moderate impact on the C pools. Total organic C was increased by +6.5% and microbial biomass C by ≥25%. The potential denitrifying activity on soil suspension was stimulated (×1.8, P<0.05) 12 days after the last slurry application. This stimulation was still apparent, but not significant, 10 months later and, according to both methods of denitrifying activity measurement (r ²=0.916, P<0.01 on sieved soil; r ²=0.845, P<0.001 on soil cores), was associated with an increase in microbial biomass C above a threshold of about 105 mg kg⁻¹. The effect of pig slurry on denitrification and N₂O reduction rates was detected on the surface layer (0–20 cm) only. However, no pig slurry effect could be detected on soil cores at field conditions or after NO₃ ⁻ enrichments at 20°C. Although the potential denitrifying activity in sieved soil samples was stimulated, the N₂O production was lower (P<0.03) in the plot fertilized with pig slurry, indicating a lower N₂O/(N₂O + N₂) ratio of the released gases. The pig-slurry-fertilized plot also showed a higher N₂O reduction activity, which is coherent with the lower N₂O production in anaerobiosis.  相似文献   

Metallothioneins and detoxification. Is the use of detoxication protein for mts a language abuse?     

Cosson  Richard P.  Amiard-Triquet  Claude  Amiard  Jean-Claude 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1991,(1):555-567

Our own results and a literature review led us to reconsider the detoxifying function of MTs in living organisms. Despite the fact that many authors have observed a synthesis or a level increase of MTs as a response to toxic metal uptake, arguments exist which tend us to give to MTs a strict zinc homeostasic function. Many experiments have been conducted using non-natural routes of exposure and/or concentrations far from those observed even in heavily polluted environments. Zinc is the only metal for which a primary induction has been established. Correlations between zinc and MTs levels are frequently observed, specially at the early stages of life. Our knowledge about metallic cluster structure and our experimental results about inter-metallic competition for binding-sites on the apoprotein, support the idea of substitution processes instead of de novo synthesis in most cases of contamination, leading frequently to acclimation.  相似文献   

Effect of cis/trans isomerism of beta-carotene on the ratios of volatile compounds produced during oxidative degradation     

Waché Y  Bosser-DeRatuld A  Lhuguenot JC  Belin JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(7):1984-1987

beta-Carotene is, when cleaved, an important source of flavor and aroma compounds in fruits and flowers. Among these aroma compounds, the main degradation products are beta-ionone, 5,6-epoxy-beta-ionone, and dihydroactinidiolide (DHA), which are associated by flavorists and perfumers with fruity, floral, and woody notes. These three species can be produced by degradation of beta-carotene through an attack by enzyme-generated free radicals and a cleavage at the C9-C10 bond. This study investigated the influence of cis/trans isomerism at the C9-C10 bond on the production of beta-carotene degradation compounds, first with a predictive approach and then experimentally with different isomer mixtures. beta-Carotene solutions containing high ratios of 9-cis-isomers produced more DHA, suggesting a different pathway than for the transformation of all-trans-beta-carotene to ionone and DHA. These results are important in the search for financially viable processes to produce natural carotene-derived aroma compounds.  相似文献   

Gully development in the Moldavian Plateau of Romania   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ion Ionita   《CATENA》2006,68(2-3):133

Gully erosion has been recognized as an important environmental threat in the Moldavian Plateau of Eastern Romania. The main objective of this study was to define the process-based gully development by providing quantitative information from long-term field measurements in small catchments.Three main areas of monitoring gullies were explored: aerial photographs of flights in 1960 and 1970, classical leveling and repeated survey through a particular close stakes grid after 1980. The Caesium-137 technique has been used effectively in the areas of deposition of gully sediments to obtain reliable information on dating specific levels of sediments and to provide chronological measures of gully development.Most of the discontinuous gullies exhibit both proper gullying, mainly if not exclusively by gully head advance, and aggradation of the gully basin floor. Results indicated that the mean gully head retreat was 0.92 m year^− 1 and the mean areal gully growth was 17.0 m² year^− 1. Both values indicate a slow erosion rate for this area. The average annual regime of gullying is pulsatory, one that is best described by great fluctuations. Conventional measurements on sedimentation over the period 1987–1997 indicate a higher rate of aggradation in the upper half of the gully floor. Information on the Caesium-137 depth profile was used to provide estimates of a mean sedimentation rate of 4.4 cm year^− 1 over the period 1963–1996 and 2.5 cm year^− 1 after 1986 for the short successive discontinuous gullies. A new classification of the discontinuous gullies based on two criteria, respectively, the field patterns and the rate of aggradation within the gully basin floor was established.For continuous gullies, linear gully head retreat, areal gully growth and eroded material rates were quantified for three periods (1961–1970, 1971–1980 and 1981–1990). Results indicate that gully erosion has decreased since 1960. This gullying decline is due to the rainfall distribution, and the increased influence of soil conservation practices. The mean gully head retreat of 12.5 m year^− 1 between 1961–1990 was accompanied by a mean areal gully growth of 366.8 m² year^− 1 and a mean erosion rate of 4168 t year^− 1. As with discontinuous gullies, continuous gullies showed pulsatory development.The critical period for gullying over 1981–1996 covers 4 months from Mid March to Mid July in an area with mean annual precipitation around 500 mm. Another main finding of this 16-year stationary monitoring was that 57% of the total gullying occurred during the cold season, with the remainder during the warm season. Of the total gully growth, 66% results from only four years (1981, 1988, 1991 and 1996), when a greater amount of precipitation fell.  相似文献