排序方式： 共有20条查询结果，搜索用时 859 毫秒
1.
Conservation tillage has proved to be an effective option to reduce erosion and particulate phosphorus (PP) losses from fields to watercourses. However, it usually leads to the higher losses of P in dissolved reactive (DRP) form if P accumulates into the uppermost soil layer.In this study we investigated the influence of CaCO3-rich boardmill sludge (BMS, applied 7 years ago) on soil properties and percolate quality with soil samples as well as undisturbed soil columns taken from a long-term conservation-tilled clay field experiment. A short-term laboratory experiment was undertaken to evaluate whether newly added BMS (FS) can be used to improve the quality of percolate waters by reducing turbidity, PP and DRP.The hypothesis was that BMS reduces the risk of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) leaching from conservation-tilled soil. BMS served as a liming agent and counteracted the no-till-induced acidification and accumulation of DRP in the surface soil layer. Surface soil pH was on average 0.3 units higher and soil Ca 500 mg kg−1 higher in the BMS-treated plots than in the plots without BMS. The ability of BMS to enhance the availability of P for plants may prevent the surface accumulation of P in NT cultivation. At the same time, BMS-induced increase in Ca and EC of the surface soil suppress the diffuse double layer by reducing P desorption and leaching risk.In the laboratory experiment, FS reduced percolate turbidity by 80% and PP and DRP concentrations by 62% and 50%, respectively. FS probably improved stability of soil aggregates in the laboratory experiment, obviously through enhanced microbial activity. The covering effect and infiltration of water through the 0–5 cm soil layer seemed to be crucial factors in reducing P losses.BMS proved to be a promising material for the applications to the conservation-tilled fields. The effect of BMS on microbes and immobilization of nutrients, should, however, be studied further in fields under a wider diversity of conditions. 相似文献
2.
NBS (nucleotide binding site)类基因是植物界中最重要的一类抗病基因。用信息学方法从普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)全基因组中分离出2406条含有NBS结构的完整蛋白序列,每条包含48~2272个氨基酸。根据NBS结构域两端是否连接CC或LRR结构域,将TaNBS分为N、CN、NL和CNL4类。对TaNBS所在scaffold序列的SSR位点进行诊断,从1203条scaffold序列上发现2177个SSR位点,以二碱基重复位点最多,占73.5%。针对小麦2AL染色体上的51个SSR位点开发标记,缺体-四体和双端体验证结果表明,有39个标记(76.5%)为2AL特异标记,其中24个特异标记在抗白粉病材料Khapli (2AL上携带Pm4a)和感病材料Chancellor间存在多态性。利用近等基因系Khapli/8*Cc筛选出3个可能与Pm4a连锁的NBS-SSR标记,分别是Sxaas_2AL22、Sxaas_2AL39和Sxaas_2AL46。本研究开发的与抗病序列紧密连锁的特异SSR标记可用于2AL染色体上抗病新基因的检测以及已有抗病基因的候选序列筛选。 相似文献
3.
为了探寻套作甘薯高产优质的氮肥运筹方式, 以甘薯套作及单作为主区, 定量氮肥全部基施、分2期和分3期运筹为副区, 于2015—2016两年度探讨了不同处理对2个甘薯品种(渝紫7号和万薯10号)块根产量、品质及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明, 2个品种无论单作或套作, 定量氮肥分2期或分3期运筹显著提高甘薯块根产量、单薯重、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、氮肥表观利用率和氮肥偏生产力; 套作中定量氮肥不同运筹方式对2个甘薯品种商品薯率影响不显著, 但单作中分3期运筹时最高; 万薯10号块根β-胡萝卜素含量以定量氮肥分3期运筹最高, 渝紫7号块根花青素含量以分2期和3期运筹最高, 2个品种块根淀粉含量以氮肥全部基施最高。套作降低了除甘薯块根可溶性糖含量外的其他营养品质以及产量和氮肥利用效率, 但套作定量氮肥分2期或3期运筹, 可使这些指标达到或优于单作氮肥全部基施水平。为提高块根淀粉含量, 定量的氮肥宜采用全部基施, 为同时优化其他营养品质、提高甘薯产量和氮肥利用效率, 定量的氮肥宜采用分2期或分3期运筹。 相似文献
4.
放牧管理模式对高寒草甸生态系统有机碳、氮储量特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨不同放牧管理模式高寒草甸生态系统有机碳、氮储量特征的变化,对青藏高原东缘禁牧(NG)、全生长季休牧(RG)、传统放牧(TG)和连续放牧(CG)4种放牧管理模式高寒草甸地上植被、地表凋落物、根系和土壤有机碳、氮储量进行测定和分析。结果表明,1)NG、RG和TG较CG显著提高了土壤、根系、植被和凋落物有机碳、氮储量。2)高寒草甸生态系统中,土壤有机碳储量所占比例最大(88.859%~98.242%),其次为根系(1.563%~8.742%),再次为植被(0.172%~1.430%),最小为凋落物(0.022%~0.969%);氮储量所占比例最大的是土壤(97.331%~99.633%),其次为根系(0.316%~2.071%),再次为植被(0.047%~0.442%),凋落物最小(0.003%~0.157%)。3)不同放牧管理模式土壤有机碳、氮储量具有明显的垂直分布特征,随土壤深度的增加土壤有机碳、氮储量明显降低。为期4年不同放牧模式仅对0~40 cm土层土壤有机碳、氮储量有影响。4)土壤有机碳、氮储量主要分布在0~40 cm土层,同时,放牧有使有机碳、氮向深层转移的趋势。5)NG、RG和TG显著提高了高寒草甸生态系统总有机碳、氮储量,而CG显著降低了总有机碳、氮储量,导致有机碳、氮的流失。禁牧和季节性休牧能有效增加青藏高原东缘高寒草甸生态系统有机碳、氮储量,实现碳、氮增汇的目的,是该区和类似区域草地放牧管理的重要模式。 相似文献
5.
Ma Jian-Gang Tian Ai-Ling Zheng Wen-Bin Zou Yang Zhang Yu-Ti Yang Zeng-Qi 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(3):719-722
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) are important pathogens, which cause serious disease in animals.... 相似文献
6.
7.
甘薯块根硬度与干物质含量的相关性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别采用硬度测定法和烘干法,测试129份甘薯品种(系)块根不同部位的硬度值与干物质含量,构建甘薯各部位硬度与干物质含量的线性回归方程,以探讨甘薯硬度与干物质含量的关系,以及甘薯硬度与干物质含量分级标准。结果表明,129份甘薯材料的块根干物质含量与硬度均可划分为服从正态分布的5级,其平均分布频率为10.00%、19.12%、40.88%、20.88%和9.12%;甘薯不同部位硬度之间存在显著差异;其硬度值表现为径向切割心部径向切割中部轴向切割尾部轴向切割头部轴向切割心部轴向切割中部;甘薯硬度与干物质含量呈极显著正相关,以径向切割心部与径向切割中部硬度的平均值建立甘薯干物质含量与硬度间的回归方程为y=0.6743x+3.6184(20≤x≤60,R2=0.712192);用该回归方程验证20个样品集,计算所得干物质含量值与测定值相对误差为0.2%,表明该回归方程可用于准确、快速、低消耗测定甘薯块根干物质含量,指导甘薯育种实践。 相似文献
8.
Repeated applications of bordeaux mixture （a blend of copper sulfate and calcium hydroxide） and pyrethroid insecticides （Pys） have led to elevated copper （Cu） and Pys concentrations in vineyard surface soils. To understand the potential influence of Cu on the fate of Pys in the soil environment, we selected two Pys, cypermethrin （CPM） and lambda-cyhalothrin （λ-CHT）, and two typical Chinese vineyard soils, Haplic Acrisol and Luvic Phaeozem, as experimental samples. The dissipation experiment was conducted at room temperature in the dark, and the transport of both Pys through the soils was investigated using soil thin-layer chromatography. The results showed that the transport of Pys in both soils increased as the Cu2+ concentration increased from 0 to 100 mg L-1 , and Pys were more transportable in Haplic Acrisol （HA） than in Luvic Phaeozem （LP） under the same experimental conditions. For CPM, only 100 mg L-1 of Cu2+ significantly （P<0.05） increased Pys transport through both soils relative to water. Lambda-CHT was significantly （P<0.05） transported through HA by all the Cu2+ concentrations compared to water, and all but the 1 mg L-1 of Cu2+ significantly （P<0.05） increased the transport of λ-CHT through LP relative to water. However, the dissipation rates of CPM and λ-CHT decreased with the addition of Cu to soils. Our findings suggest that the risk of groundwater contamination by Pys increases in the soils with elevated Cu concentrations. 相似文献
9.
水分亏缺下化肥减量配施有机肥对棉花光合特性与产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2017年和2018年进行田间定位试验,采用裂区试验设计,主区为充分灌溉W1(灌水量4800 m3 hm-2)和亏缺灌溉W2(灌水量2400 m3 hm-2),副区为不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、75%化肥+25%有机肥(M1)、50%化肥+50%有机肥(M2)、25%化肥+75%有机肥(M3)5个处理,研究了化肥减量配施有机肥对棉花光合特性及产量的影响,以期为水分亏缺下合理利用有机肥、减少化肥投入提供理论依据。结果表明,亏缺灌溉下棉花叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、地上部干物质积累量和籽棉产量均低于充分灌溉,但灌溉水生产力(irrigation water productivity,IWP)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)高于充分灌溉。化肥减量配施有机肥较单施化肥能显著提高盛蕾期后棉花LAI,提高棉花各生育期Pn和Gs,增加棉花营养器官和生殖器官干物质积累量,并促进干物质向生殖器官转运,提高籽棉产量和IWP,能在盛铃期和吐絮期提高土壤耕层含水量。充分灌溉下,各有机肥配施处理间棉花LAI、Pn和籽棉产量均表现为M1>M2>M3,其中M1籽棉产量2年平均分别较CF、CK提高了6.9%和62.1%;亏缺灌溉下,各有机肥配施处理间棉花LAI、Pn和籽棉产量表现为M2>M1>M3,其中M2籽棉产量2年平均分别较CF、CK提高了19.9%和79.3%。化肥减量配施有机肥在水分亏缺下有利于籽棉增产,缓解水分亏缺对棉花生长发育的影响,其中M2(50%化肥+50%有机肥)为最佳施肥处理。 相似文献
10.
采用钼蓝比色法(molybdenum blue colorimetry, MBC)、乙炔还原法(acetylene reduction assay, ARA)及高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)测定了分离自无脉苔草根际的6株根际促生菌溶磷、固氮及分泌激素的特性,并利用16S rDNA序列分析技术对筛选出的2株优良促生菌进行鉴定。结果表明,6株促生菌的溶磷量在298.17~554.67 mg/L之间,其中菌株TPRS3的溶磷能力最强(554.67 mg/L);6株促生菌中有4株具有固氮能力,固氮酶活性在170.19~456.87 nmol C2H4/(mL·h)之间,菌株TPRS19的固氮能力最强,固氮酶活性为456.87 nmol C2H4/(mL·h),菌株TRPS3和TPRS12无固氮能力;6株促生菌均具有分泌植物激素的能力,其中3-吲哚乙酸(IAA)分泌量在8.20~86.36 mg/L范围内,赤霉素(GA3)在26.36~135.90 mg/L范围内,反-玉米素(t-Z)在9.55~141.68 mg/L范围内,菌株TPRS19分泌IAA的能力最强,为86.36 mg/L,菌株TPRS5分泌GA3的能力最强,为135.90 mg/L,菌株TPRS2分泌t-Z的能力最强,为141.68 mg/L,菌株TPRS3、TPRS5、TPRS12和TPRS19兼具分泌3种激素能力。经鉴定,菌株TPRS5为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),菌株TPRS19为阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae),这2株菌有望作为研制微生物肥料的优良菌株。 相似文献