Definition and clinical evaluation of a recruiting airway pressure based on the specific lung elastance in anesthetized dogs     

Joaquin Araos  Luca Lacitignola  Claudia Acquafredda  Caterina DiBella  Marzia Stabile  Erica Guacci  Robin Gleed  Salvatore Grasso  Antonio Crovace  Francesco Staffieri 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(4):484-492

ObjectiveTo determine the specific lung elastance (SE_L) in anesthetized dogs and to evaluate the efficacy of a SE_L-based recruiting airway pressure (RP_aw) at improving global and regional lung aeration.Study designRetrospective and prospective clinical study.AnimalsA total of 28 adult dogs were included in the retrospective study and six adult dogs in the prospective study.MethodsRetrospective study: SE_L and SE_L-based RP_aw were determined using previously published data. In mechanically ventilated dogs undergoing thoracic computed tomography (CT), SE_L was calculated as ΔP_L/(V_T/EELV), where ΔP_L is the driving transpulmonary pressure, V_T is the tidal volume and EELV is the end-expiratory lung volume. The ratio of lung to respiratory system elastance (E_L/E_rs) was determined. SE_L and E_L/E_rs were used to calculate the SE_L-based RP_aw. Prospective study: dogs underwent thoracic CT at end-expiration and at end-inspiration using the SE_L-based RP_aw, and global and regional aeration was determined. For analysis of regional aeration, lungs were divided into cranial, intermediate and caudal regions. Regional compliance was also calculated. A p value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe SE_L and E_L/E_rs were 12.7 ± 3.1 cmH₂O and 0.54 ± 0.07, respectively. The SE_L-based RP_aw was 29.1 ± 7.6 cmH₂O. In the prospective study, the RP_aw was 28.2 ± 1.3 cmH₂O. During RP_aw, hyperinflation increased (p = 0.0003) whereas poorly aerated (p < 0.0001) and nonaerated (p = 0.01) tissue decreased. Normally aerated tissue did not change (p = 0.265). Regional compliance was higher in the intermediate (p = 0.0003) and caudal (p = 0.034) regions compared with the cranial region. Aeration did not differ between regions (p > 0.05).Conclusions and clinical relevanceAn SE_L-based RP_aw reduces poorly and nonaerated lung tissue in anesthetized dogs. In nonsurgical anesthetized dogs, an RP_aw near 30 cmH₂O is effective at improving lung aeration.  相似文献   

The coding sequence of the ASIP gene is identical in nine wild-type coloured cattle breeds     

L.J. Royo  I. Álvarez  I. Fernández  J.J. Arranz  E. Gómez  & F. Goyache 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2005,122(5):357-360

The aim of this study was to ascertain the role of the Agouti signaling peptide (ASIP) gene coding region in the Agouti locus variation within wild‐type coat colour in cattle. We determined the Extension genotype in 241 individuals from six Spanish and three French brown cattle breeds representative of wild‐type coat variation. Polymerase chain reaction–single‐strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) analysis was carried out in individuals of each Extension genotypes within the same breed in an attempt to identify variants in the three coding exons of the ASIP gene. No SSCP variants were found. Results were confirmed by sequencing the coding exons of the ASIP gene in 20 individuals. Our results suggest that the ASIP coding region does not play a central role in coat colour variation in cattle.  相似文献   

Detection of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies in sylvatic lagomorphs from an epidemic area of Madrid using the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test     

Inmaculada Moreno  Julio Álvarez  Nerea García  Santiago de la Fuente  Irene Martínez  Eloy Marino  Alfredo Toraño  Joaquin Goyache  Felipe Vilas  Lucas Domínguez  Mercedes Domínguez 《Veterinary parasitology》2014,199(3-4):264-267

An outbreak of human leishmaniosis was confirmed in the southwest of the province of Madrid, Spain, between July 2009 and December 2012. Incidence of Leishmania infection in dogs was unchanged in this period, prompting a search for alternative sylvatic infection reservoirs. We evaluated exposure to Leishmania in serum samples from animals in the area with an indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT). Using promastigotes from six culture passages and a 1/25 threshold titer, we found anti-Leishmania infantum seroreactivity in 9.3% of cats (4 of 43), 45.7% of rabbits (16/35) and 74.1% of hares (63/85). Use of promastigotes from >10 in vitro passages resulted in a notably IFAT lower titer, suggesting antigenic changes during extended culture. Postmortem inspection of seropositive animals showed no clinical signs of infection. The results clearly suggest that asymptomatic hares were the main reservoir in the outbreak, and corroborate IFAT as a sensitive serological surveillance method to detect such cryptic Leishmania infections.  相似文献   

Rapid determination of inorganic and methyl mercury in fish     

Joaquin Gutiérrez  Hugo Travieso  M. Aurora Pubillones 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1993,68(3-4):315-323

A method has been developed that uses a mixed solution of NaOH, NaCl and cysteine to digest fish. Inorganic Hg and MgHg were determined by cold vapor atomic absorption (CVAAS) using a selective reduction step with SnCl₂ and SnCL₂-solutions. Ethyl alcohol was satisfactorily used to prevent excessive foaming. Two optimum digestion procedures were established: (1) using a dry block heater at 90 °C for 1 hr and (2) overnight digestion at 25 to 30 °C. Differences between both were not significant (95%) in the range of 30 to 500 ng g^?1 Hg (II) and MeHg in fish. Reduction of the Hg signal due to matrix effects in different fish species was evaluated (95 to 60%). Oily fish, shrimp and lobsters gave the highest reduction. Internal calibration by addition of Hg standards are strongly recommended when exact determinations are needed. The detection limit obtained was near 10 ng g^?1. Signals were linear in the concentration range studied (30 to 500 ng g^?1). Accuracy of analyses was in the order of 5% or better, with a relative standard deviation of 5%. The method could be applied to other environmental matrices: hair, urine and blood, with some modifications.  相似文献   

Experimental use of polyamide bands in combination with intramedullary pinning for repair of oblique femoral fractures in rabbits     

Carrillo JM  Sopena JJ  Rubio M  Redondo JI  Serra I  Soler C 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2005,34(4):387-392

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of polyamide bands, manufactured for securing electrical cables, for repair of oblique femoral fractures in rabbits. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: Twelve nulliparous, 21-25-week-old, California female rabbits. METHODS: Rabbits were divided into 3 groups (n=4) and studied for 14, 28, or 56 days. A Z-shaped mid-diaphyseal femoral osteotomy was repaired with a 2.5 mm intramedullary pin and a polyamide 6.6 cerclage band. Healing was evaluated at intervals by physical examination, limb use, femoral radiographs, and callus histology. RESULTS: Rabbits had early limb use with good wound healing. From the 1st day, movement of the hip and stifle joints was satisfactory. Radiographically, fractures were healed at 28 days. Histologically, there was no foreign body reaction and bone healing was normal. CONCLUSION: Nylon cerclage band application was accomplished easily, maintained reduction, and resulted in good healing and limb use. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Sterilized nylon bands, manufactured for electrical use, can be used for cerclage in rabbits.  相似文献   

Prion protein gene polymorphism in four West African sheep populations     

Amadou Traoré  Luis J. Royo  Adama Kaboré  Lucía Pérez-Pardal  Isabel álvarez  Iván Fernández  Laya Sawadogo  Hamidou H. Tamboura  Félix Goyache 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(7):1469-1472

A total of 162 individuals, belonging to three Burkinabé and one Niger sheep populations, were analysed for prion protein (PrP) gene polymorphism at codons 136, 154 and 171. The ARQ allele was the most frequent in both the Burkinabé (86.7%) and the Niger (67.5%) sheep populations. The highly sensitive allele VRQ was not found in the sampled individuals. The highly resistant ARR allele was in very low frequency in the Burkina-Sahel (4.4%) and Mossi (3.2%) populations and was not present in the Djallonké and Touareg populations. Only 4 out of 15 possible PrP genotypes were identified in the sampled individuals. No favourable ARR/ARR genotypes were found in either of the breeds. Sequencing a subgroup of the samples allowed the identification of other five polymorphisms on the PrP gene sequence at codons 116, 138, 151, 237 and 240. The very low frequency of the ARR allele in the West African sheep should dissuade the implementation of a preventive selection programme aimed to increase resistance to scrapie, to avoid an extreme erosion of the genetic stock.  相似文献   

Population history and genetic variability in the Spanish Arab Horse assessed via pedigree analysis     

I. Cervantes  A. Molina  F. Goyache  J.P. Gutirrez  M. Valera 《Livestock Science》2008,113(1):24-33

The important role of values is very evident when it comes to citizens' concept of sustainability. The present paper had the objective to define sustainability as a socio-cultural concept for livestock production systems. The main research question was: how do Dutch citizens value various aspects of dairy production systems? We conducted farm visits with citizens panels in The Netherlands. We asked citizens about their on-farm perception (smelling, hearing, seeing and feeling) and what they perceived valuable to preserve for the future. We presented sustainability as a socio-cultural concept which included citizens' valuable aspects (SCA) and concerns (SCI). We defined a socio-cultural aspect (SCA) as an aspect of a livestock production system which is mentioned by society as being valuable to preserve for the future. We identified an SCA as a socio-cultural issue (SCI) when it evokes societal concern in present time or is expected to do so in the future. By qualitative analysis we identified SCAs and SCIs of dairy production systems and combined these into socio-cultural themes (SCT). We found ten socio-cultural themes which contained 42 socio-cultural aspects (SCA), of which 27 were identified as socio-cultural issues (SCI). We can conclude that that livestock production systems have more values for society than solely food production, because only one of the ten identified socio-cultural themes directly concerned food production (SCT 1), whereas the nine other themes concerned values that go beyond food production: farming activities (SCT 2), farm income (SCT 3), animals (SCT 4), landscape (SCT 5), nature (SCT 6), environment (SCT 7), farming culture (SCT 8), national culture (SCT 9) and services for society (SCT 10). One of the main values of agriculture seems the combination of apparently contradicting aspects such as technology and nature within one system. In conclusion, sustainability as a socio-cultural concept for livestock production systems is defined by a wide range of socio-cultural aspects and issues, reflecting citizens' values and concerns of that system and for a sustainable agriculture it is important that both SCIs and SCAs are taken into account.  相似文献   

Lack of haplotype structuring for two candidate genes for trypanotolerance in cattle          下载免费PDF全文

I. Álvarez  L. Pérez‐Pardal  A. Traoré  I. Fernández  F. Goyache 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2016,133(2):105-114

Bovine trypanotolerance is a heritable trait associated to the ability of the individuals to control parasitaemia and anaemia. The INHBA (BTA4) and TICAM1 (BTA7) genes are strong candidates for trypanotolerance‐related traits. The coding sequence of both genes (3951 bp in total) were analysed in a panel including 79 Asian, African and European cattle (Bos taurus and B. indicus) to identify naturally occurring polymorphisms on both genes. In general, the genetic diversity was low. Nineteen of the 33 mutations identified were found just one time. Seventeen different haplotypes were defined for the TICAM1 gene, and 9 and 12 were defined for the exon 1 and the exon 2 of the INHBA gene, respectively. There was no clear separation between cattle groups. The most frequent haplotypes identified in West African taurine samples were also identified in other cattle groups including Asian zebu and European cattle. Phylogenetic trees and principal component analysis confirmed that divergence among the cattle groups analysed was poor, particularly for the INHBA sequences. The European cattle subset had the lowest values of haplotype diversity for both the exon1 (monomorphic) and the exon2 (0.077 ± 0.066) of the INHBA gene. Neutrality tests, in general, did not suggest that the analysed genes were under positive selection. The assessed scenario would be consistent with the identification of recent mutations in evolutionary terms.  相似文献   

Five New Records of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) From Morocco     

Ahmed Taheri  Joaquin L. Reyes-López 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)

A recent catalogue of the rich ant fauna of Morocco included 214 species, with later studies adding an additional 12 species. Following recent fieldwork in the north of Morocco, we report five new records for the country (Plagiolepis pygmaea Latreille, 1798, Ponera testacea Emery, 1895, Strumigenys tenuipilis Emery, 1915, Temnothorax pardoi Tinaut, 1987, and Tetramorium parvioculum Guillem & Bensusan, 2009) and we present new data on the distribution and natural history of six additional species. This work brings the total number of ants known from Morocco to 233, taking into account two species which were omitted in the list of Cagniant.  相似文献   

Quantifying diversity losses due to selection for scrapie resistance in three endangered Spanish sheep breeds using microsatellite information     

I. lvarez  J.P. Gutirrez  L.J. Royo  I. Fernndez  F. Goyache 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2009,91(2-4):172-178

The effect of selection for scrapie resistance on genetic variability in three endangered Spanish sheep breeds (Colmenareña, Mallorquina and Rubia de El Molar) was studied using two different criteria for quantifying contributions to genetic variability: (a) molecular coancestry or genetic identity; and (b) average number of alleles per locus or allelic richness. A total of 236 (81 Colmenareña, 76 Mallorquina and 79 Rubia de El Molar) individuals were genotyped for the PrP gene and for 22 microsatellite markers. The analyses assumed a selective policy aimed at the elimination of the VRQ allele and the reduction of the frequency of the ARQ/ARQ genotype. These goals are approached by rejecting for breeding those individuals with the highest susceptibility for scrapie (risk groups R4 and R5) in a genetic scenario with no previous selection programmes considering the PrP gene polymorphism carried out. When all the individuals classified into risk groups R4 and R5 were removed from the dataset, the total molecular coancestry slightly increased in the Colmenareña breed illustrating that the carriers of undesirable PrP genotypes are not essential to maintain its overall gene diversity. When the allelic richness was considered, the removal of the R4 and R5 individuals gave high losses in the Rubia de El Molar breed. The analyses carried out considering the sex of the individuals informed that most increases in genetic identity in the Colmenareña breed resulted from the removal of the R4 and R5 males while in the Mallorquina breed resulted from the removal of the undesirable females. Losses of diversity in the Rubia de El Molar breed were basically independent of the sex of the individuals due to the balanced contributions to diversity of both sexes. As a general recommendation, not all the individuals of undesirable risk groups should be rejected for reproduction at the same time to avoid irretrievable loses of genetic diversity but according to the sex of the individuals.  相似文献