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Three groups of horses and ponies (N = 13, 13 and 12) were treated with ivermectin paste (0.2 mg/kg p.o.), avermectin B1 solution (0.2 mg/kg p.o.), or fenbendazole suspension (10 mg/kg via nasogastric tube). The avermectin B1 was a 1% solution in a propylene glycolglycerol formal base. Faecal strongyle egg counts were performed before, and 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 d, after treatment. Full-thickness skin biopsies from the neck, pectoral and umbilical regions were examined for Onchocera microfilaria before treatment, and again 14 and 70 d later. Ivermectin therapy produced a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in mean strongyle egg counts 14, 28, 42 and 56 d after treatment. Avermectin B1 therapy resulted in significant (P less than 0.01) decreases in mean strongyle egg counts 14, 28 and 42 d after treatment. All horses given ivermectin or avermectin B1 had zero strongyle egg counts 14 and 28 d after treatment. Fenbendazole failed to significantly decrease strongyle egg counts. Both ivermectin and avermectin B1 resulted in zero microfilaria counts in all horses 14 d after treatment. On day 70 the percentage decrease in microfilaria counts were 100% and 99.6% respectively. Fenbendazole failed to significantly decrease microfilaria counts. The oral administration of this formulation of avermectin B1 appeared to be highly efficacious against intestinal strongyles and Onchocera microfilaria. The duration of anti-strongyle activity was, however, significantly (P less than 0.01) shorter than that of ivermectin paste. 相似文献
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R. J. Kaitho I. V. Nsahlai B. A. Williams N. N. Umunna S. Tamminga J. van Bruchem 《Agroforestry Systems》1997,39(2):129-144
The aim of this work was to assess whether degradability, gas production or chemical constituents could predict the preference
of browses. Forty tropical browse species leaves with a crude protein (CP) content ranging from 79 to 307 g kg-1 DM were used for this study. The neutral detergent fibre (NDF) ranged from 220 to 694 g kg-1 DM, while acid detergent fibre (ADF) ranged from 146 to 523 g kg-1 DM. The NDF-bound nitrogen (NDFN) and ADF-bound nitrogen were particularly high in Calliandra calothyrsus, Acacia polyacantha,
Sesbania sesban, Acacia venosa and Acacia hockii. High levels of tannins were observed in Acacia species especially A. dolichocephala,
A. hockii, A. microbotrya and A. salicina. High levels were also observed in Flemingia macrophyla and Leucaena pallida. The
browse species differed (P < 0.05) in DM in sacco degradability coefficients. High potential degradability (PD) and effective
degradability (ED) were observed in Sesbania spp, Moringa stenopetala, Indigofera arrecta, Chamaecytisus palmensis and Atriplex
spp. The browses differed (P < 0.05) in asymptotic gas (Ag) production (ml g-1 OM), but had similar (P > 0.05) times of incubation at which half of the asymptotic gas had been formed. Preference and DM
intake were positively correlated (P < 0.01) to NDFN, but negatively correlated (P < 0.05) to NDF and ADF. The PD and Ag were
negatively (P < 0.001) related to NDF, ADF and lignin. Total phenols (TP) and condensed tannins (CT) were negatively (P <
0.05) related to PD, ED and Ag. A positive correlation was observed between CT and NDF-bound condensed tannins (r = 0.55,
P < 0.001) and, CT and TP (r = 0.40, P < 0.01). Prediction equations were poor for DM intake and preference, moderate for
gas production and good for potential and effective degradabilities. The phenolic components were more related to dry matter
degradation and gas production than to preference and dry matter intake. NDFN and Ag made a positive contribution to both
preference and DM intake. It was concluded that chemical constitutes such as N, NDF, NDFN, ADF and lignin are essential to
predict the nutritive value of browses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Surgical resection of a dysgerminoma in a mare 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A mare was referred for further evaluation of a mass found in the left caudal abdomen during a routine postpartum reproductive palpation. The mare was clinically normal with no history of health problems. Ultrasonographic examination of the mass confirmed its presence, but the origin of the mass could not be accurately determined. Routine haematology and serum biochemistry results were within normal limits. The mare was initially treated conservatively with antibiotics, but the mass continued to increase in size, so it was surgically excised. The mass involved the left ovary. The mare showed transient abdominal pain after surgery, but developed no other complications and was in foal 7 months later. On histology, the mass was diagnosed as a dysgerminoma, a rare ovarian tumour of germ cell origin. 相似文献
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Mochabo KO Kitala PM Gathura PB Ogara WO Catley A Eregae EM Kaitho TD 《Tropical animal health and production》2005,37(3):187-204
This paper presents the results of a study conducted in Lapur Division of Turkana District, Kenya, to estimate the incidence and mortality of camel trypanosomosis using participatory methods. Four livestock camps ('adakars') were conveniently selected for the study. Four informant groups comprising 6 8 key persons were used for the participatory exercises. The camel diseases identified by the pastoralists in their order of importance according to annual incidence were: trypanosomosis (11.4%); mange (10.8%); tick infestation (7.9%); haemorrhagic septicaemia (7.7%); and non-specific diarrhoea (7.6%). Almost half (49.3%) of the camel population suffered from at least one disease over the previous year. The annual incidence and mortality rates of trypanosomosis were estimated at 15%, and 9.9%, in adult camels and 6.9% and 5.2%, in young camels, respectively. There was a seasonal occurrence of trypanosomosis, with most cases reported in the dry season. The prevalence levels of the disease reportedly declined from about 100%, in 1978 to an almost stable state of about 15% in 2002. This study revealed that camel trypanosomosis is still an important disease in Turkana District, exacting a heavy toll in terms of morbidity and mortality. The economic losses due to the disease were likely to have been great owing to the central role the camel plays in this arid district of Kenya. 相似文献
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TD ST GEORGE 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(12):393-395
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SUMMARY Herd breeding records (161) were examined from a random 10% sample of dairy farms (96) in South Australia with more than 40 cows and suitable breeding records for 1988 and/or 1989. Of these farms, 53 (55.2%) had a year-round calving pattern, 42 (43.8%) claimed to be seasonal and one was changing from a year-round to a seasonal pattern. Only 14.6% of farmers observed oestrous behaviour outside milking times and 18.8% used tailpaint. Overall, the average proportion of unobserved heats was estimated to be 32%. Artificial insemination (AI) was carried out on 85.4% of farms (16.7% used AI alone and 68.7% also used bulls) of which 32.9% used commercial technicians and 67.1% were do-it-yourself operators. Overall, the average 30-day submission rate was 59.9% and the average 49-day non-return to service rate was 58.9%. Investigation into the probable causes of suboptimal reproductive performance gave a tentative diagnosis of inefficient oestrous detection, deferral of service, inadequate nutrition, poor AI technique, insufficient bulls, and venereal/other diseases in 69.1, 32.1, 27.2, 28.4, 13.6 and 7.4% of records, respectively. 相似文献
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