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Minimal Set of Metabolic Pathways Suggested from the Genome of Onion Yellows Phytoplasma 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Shotaro NISHIMURA Hitomi SHIMODA Ichiro OSHIMA Yoshitaka ONO Kaoru OKANO Akira ISHIBASHI Shoji TABATA Hisao IWAMOTO 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(6):575-579
Alpha‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) is one of the main regulators for melanocytes, and the adenohypophysis is one of the major tissues for the synthesis of this hormone. The Silky fowl is a characteristic breed of chicken with hyperpigmentation throughout the body. The involvement of the adenohypophysis in the hyperpigmentation of this breed is not known. In the present study, the proportion of melanocyte stimulating hormone‐immunopositive cells (MSH cells) in the adenohypophysis was immunocytochemically compared between Silky, Red Cornish × New Hampshire (RN) crossbred and Japanese bantam cockerels at 15 weeks of age. After the body and gland were weighed, the adenohypophyseal cells were enzymatically dispersed and immunostained for α‐MSH, and the immunopositive MSH cells were counted. The weights of the body and adenohypophysis were heaviest in the RN crossbred, followed by the Silky and lightest in the bantam cockerels. In contrast, the ratio between adenohypophysis and bodyweight was much larger in the Silky and the bantam than in the RN crossbreed (P < 0.05). The population of MSH cells in the adenohypophysis was larger in the Silky (14.3%) than in the RN crossbreed (8.0%) and the bantam (8.1%) cockerels (P < 0.05). From these results, it was concluded that prepubertal Silky cockerel have numerous MSH cells in the adenohypophysis suggesting a relationship to hyperpigmentation. 相似文献
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Oshima K Yoshihara K Kojima T Komatsu M Yamamoto N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(8):799-805
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a hemopoietic cytokine with a primary role in placental physiology. Gene expression of M-CSF in the bovine endometrium shows a temporal upward trend during early and mid pregnancy. This study determined the plasma M-CSF levels during pregnancy using ELISA. In experiment 1, to investigate the relationship between the concentration of M-CSF in peripheral blood and pregnancy, the plasma M-CSF levels were determined in 125 pregnant and 21 non-pregnant Japanese Black cows. The pregnant animals were divided into nine groups based on the month of pregnancy. An ELISA for bovine M-CSF established previously was used according to the authors' instructions. In experiment 2, the plasma M-CSF level was determined to investigate the temporal changes in its concentration in the peripheral blood during pregnancy. In experiment 1, the plasma M-CSF level varied from month to month during pregnancy; the mean level in the first-month of pregnancy was significantly higher than those in the third and last months of pregnancy and non-pregnancy (P<0.05). In experiment 2, the plasma M-CSF level varied with the day of pregnancy (P<0.05). The mean level of plasma M-CSF decreased gradually until 6 weeks of pregnancy; it appeared to increase during weeks 7-9, then varied with several small peaks until 27 weeks of pregnancy and finally decreased gradually until parturition. These results suggest that the plasma M-CSF level may be related to changes in the uterus and placenta as pregnancy progresses. 相似文献
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Yuma SAHASHI Masaaki OSHIMA Junjiro YAMAGISHI Chieko MURAMATSU Kaori SHIMIZU Yasuo INOSHIMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1730
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is commonly used for genotyping bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in slaughterhouses. However, unclassified BLV genotypes have been sporadically reported. To assess the current status of BLV genetic characterization in cattle, PCR-RFLP was performed on blood samples of 170 cattle (84 Japanese Black, 60 Japanese Black x Holstein, and 26 Holstein) from 17 farms (5 prefectures) at a slaughterhouse in Aichi Prefecture in 2019. A total of 65 samples (38.2%) were BLV positive, and genotype 1 was the most predominant (56/65 samples), followed by genotypes 3 (6 samples) and 5 (1 sample), and two unclassified samples. No relationship between the genotypes and breeds was observed. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that unclassified BLV genotypes clustered with genotype 1 sequences were, therefore, not new genotypes. 相似文献
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Ichiro OSHIMA Hisao IWAMOTO Shoji TABATA Yoshitaka ONO Akira ISHIBASHI Nobuya SHIBA Hideyuki MIYACHI Takafumi GOTOH Shotaro NISHIMURA 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(6):619-630
Growth‐related changes in the histochemical properties and collagen architecture of the Musculus pectoralis were compared among Silky, layer‐type and meat‐type cockerels. Histochemical and immunohistochemical methods were used and collagen architecture was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The total amount of collagen present was also measured. The diameter of type IIB myofibers was similar or rather larger in the layer‐type birds compared with the meat‐type. The collagen content was generally low for 5–10 weeks across the breeds and then increased in the other breeds except for Silky. In the perimysium, the collagen bundles gradually increased in size and the density of the fibrils also increased during growth. At 30 weeks of age, the layer‐type birds showed compact collagen bundles while the meat‐type had loose bundles. The endomysial collagen network appeared relatively denser in the meat‐type chicks compared to the others at week 1. At 30 weeks of age, compact and felt‐like structure of endomysium was shown by Silky and layer‐type chickens, while the meat‐type showed a relatively loose arrangement of tissue in the endomysial collagen. From these results, it appears that the meat‐type chicken can produce a large M. pectoralis with many, relatively thinner myofibers and a relatively undeveloped form of intramuscular collagen structure. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Shell growth and age determination of Corbicula japonica were investigated from samples collected monthly at two sites and field growth experiments from November 1999 to November 2000 in Lake Shinji. Both specimens did not grow in winter when the water temperature was below 11°C, but grew rapidly from spring to early summer when the water temperature rose from 15°C to 30°C, before further growing slowly from summer to autumn after the main breeding period. The monthly marginal growth distribution of the samples indicated that the concentric groove on the shell surface was an annual growth ring. It is concluded that the age of C . japonica in the i -ring group when the shell growth resumed in spring was i + 0.5 ( i = 1, 2, · · ·), because the first true growth ring was formed at 0–2 mm in shell length, which then faded with growth. Lee's phenomenon was observed in the age determination results, and thus the growth coefficient and the asymptotic shell length of the von Bertalanffy growth equation were not estimated from the samples. However, these parameters were estimated from the annual shell length increments of the experimental individuals, which were 0.331/year and 28.2 mm, respectively. 相似文献
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Met-myoglobin isolated from gluteal muscle of cases with Duchenne type of progressive muscular dystrophy showed an abnormal ultraviolet spectrum. The maximum of the spectrum at pH 7.0 was at 275 mmicro, in contrast to that at 281 m/ A in normal met-myoglobin. Such an abnormality was not found in the limb-girdle type of dystrophy and in progressive spinal muscular atrophy. The results indicate the presence of an abnormal myoglobin in the Duchenne type of progressive muscular dystrophy. 相似文献
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Yi Zhang Kounosuke Otomaru Kazunaga Oshima Yuji Goto Ichiro Oshima Susumu Muroya Mitsue Sano Rena Saneshima Yukiko Nagao Aoi Kinoshita Yasuko Okamura Sanggun Roh Akira Ohtsuka Takafumi Gotoh 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13600
This study aimed to investigate the effects of high and low levels of energy intake during the entire gestation period on the skeletal muscle development, organ development, and adipose tissue accumulation in fetuses of Wagyu (Japanese Black) cows, a breed with highly marbled beef. Cows were allocated to a high-nutrition (n = 6) group (fed 120% of the nutritional requirement) or low-nutrition (n = 6) group (fed 60% of the nutritional requirement). The cows were artificially inseminated with semen from the same sire, and the fetuses were removed by cesarean section at 260 ± 8.3 days of fetal age and slaughtered. The whole-body, total muscle, adipose, and bone masses of the fetal half-carcasses were significantly higher in the high-nutrition group than the low-nutrition group (p = 0.0018, 0.009, 0.0004, and 0.0362, respectively). Fifteen of 20 individual muscles, five of six fat depots, nine of 17 organs, and seven of 12 bones that were investigated had significantly higher masses in the high-nutrition group than the low-nutrition group. The crude components and amino acid composition of the longissimus muscle significantly differed between the low- and high-nutrition groups. These data indicate that maternal nutrition during gestation has a marked effect on the muscle, bone, and adipose tissue development of Wagyu cattle fetuses. 相似文献
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