The camel, Camelus dromedarius, as a host of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus     

TP KENNEDY  PE GREEN 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(7):267-268

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Organochlorine insecticide problems in livestock   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M F Raisbeck  J D Kendall  G E Rottinghaus 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1989,5(2):391-410

1. Antidotal therapy for acute OC intoxications is symptomatic and supportive. Use sedatives to control convulsions and AC to adsorb any pesticide remaining in the gut, and wash topical exposures. 2. Published kinetics should be applied to field situations with caution. In general, residues decline relatively quickly immediately following the last exposure; thereafter, the rate slows considerably. The elimination-rate constant and, hence, the half-life of any given OC is dependent on many variables that usually are not known under field conditions. This fact may result in serious errors if literature values are relied on too heavily in predicting the outcome of "natural" contamination. As a rule of thumb, elimination data derived from animals experimentally fed to plateau concentrations may be regarded as fairly conservative for such purposes, if the contaminated animals are maintained in a normal fashion. Probably the least risky method of predicting return to marketability is using frequent samples, taken at regular intervals (for example, 1 to 2 weeks) during the first month after last exposure, to adjust literature values. 3. Residues from larger dosages and shorter exposures tend to be smaller in proportion to dose and are eliminated more quickly than those resulting from longer exposures and smaller doses. 4. Activated charcoal is of universal benefit only if given immediately after exposure. 5. Pharmaceutical modifiers of xenobiotic metabolism such as phenobarbital are of very limited value. The particular type and amount of residual OC and the potential economic benefit of therapy should be considered thoroughly before undertaking such therapy. In most cases, the expense won't be justified. 6. Mineral oil increases the fecal excretion of some OC. Fecal excretion, however, is so small in relation to total body burdens that even a several-fold increase may not be useful economically except when residue concentrations are low to start with. 7. Nutritional strategies have the advantage of being very cheap. Practitioners should remember, however, that tissue concentrations actually may increase as body fat decreases. The costs of maintaining animals for an extra 6 to 10 months should be considered before undertaking such an effort.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)  相似文献   

Influence of amount and frequency of protein supplementation to steers consuming low-quality,cool-season forage: intake,nutrient digestibility,and ruminal fermentation     

Bruno I Cappellozza  David W Bohnert  Maria M Reis  Kendall C Swanson  Stephanie J Falck  Reinaldo F Cooke 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(6)

This experiment evaluated the influence of protein supplementation frequency (SF) and amount offered on intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation by rumen-fistulated beef steers consuming low-quality [2.9% crude protein (CP); dry matter (DM) basis], cool-season forage. Seven Angus × Hereford steers (300 ± 27 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 treatments in an incomplete 7 × 4 Latin square. Treatments, in a 2 × 3 factorial design plus a non-supplemented control (CON), consisted of 2 levels of supplemental soybean meal, 100% (F) or 50% (H) of the estimated rumen-degradable protein requirement, provided daily (D), once every 5 d (5D), or once every 10 d (10D). Experimental periods were 30 d and dry matter intake (DMI) was measured from days 19 to 28. On days 21 (all supplements provided) and 30 (only daily supplements provided; day immediately prior to supplementation for 5D and 10D treatments) ruminal fluid was collected for ruminal pH, ammonia-N (NH₃), volatile fatty acids (VFA), and determination of ruminal fermentation variables. Forage and total DM, organic matter (OM), and nitrogen (N) intake increased with supplementation (P ≤ 0.04). However, a linear effect of SF × amount of supplement interaction was observed for forage and total DM, OM, and N intake (P ≤ 0.04), with each variable decreasing as SF decreased, but the decrease being greater with F vs. H. Apparent total tract DM, OM, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility was not affected by supplementation or amount of supplement provided (P ≥ 0.10). In contrast, N digestibility increased with supplementation and for F vs. H (P < 0.01). Digestibility of DM, OM, and N increased linearly as SF decreased (P ≤ 0.03). When all supplements were provided, ruminal NH₃, total VFA, and molar proportions of all individual VFA increased with supplementation (P ≤ 0.04), whereas acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P < 0.01). When only daily supplements were provided, none of the aforementioned fermentation parameters were affected (P ≥ 0.09). In summary, reducing the amount of supplemental CP provided to ruminants consuming low-quality forages, when supplementation intervals are >5 d, can be a management tool to maintain acceptable levels of DMI, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation while reducing supplementation cost.  相似文献   

Support services for students and faculty     

Kendall JR 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2007,34(3):251-256

Distance learning is hardly a recent phenomenon. The recent growth of distance-education courses and programs, particularly those offered online, has been dramatic. Students enrolled in distance-education courses deserve the same quality and type of services that students taking courses on campus receive. The same is true of faculty teaching distance courses. Developing strong support services for both groups is an evolutionary process. This article discusses support services for both students and faculty involved in the rapidly expanding online distance-education landscape. Models for providing support to students and faculty are described, the development of these services is explained, and examples of support services are provided.  相似文献   

The lipid compositions of two isolates of Cladosporium cucumerinum do not explain their differences in sensitivity to fungicides which inhibit sterol biosynthesis     

Geoffrey A. Carter  Sheila J. Kendall  Raymond S. Burden  Carolyn S. James  Terence Clark 《Pest management science》1989,26(2):181-192

Isolate 840905 of Cladosporium cucumerinum, when grown on agar or in liqiud medium, was sensitive to triadimenol, HWG 1608 (tebuconazole), fenpropimorph and pimaricin but relatively resistant to terbinafine. Conversely, isolate 49628 was sensitive to terbinafine but relatively resistant to the other fungicides. Changes in sterol composition following treatment with the fungicides reflected the known modes of action of each fungicide. When individual enantiomers of triadimenol were tested against isolate 840905 the order of activity in reducing mycelial growth was 1 S, 2R > 1R, 2R > 1R, 2S ≈? 1S, 2S, and this was paralleled by the depletion of ergosterol and the appearance of 14α-methyl sterols. Isolate 49628 had a greater saturated:unsaturated fatty acid ratio than did isolate 840905 but no major changes in fatty acid composition of either isolate were induced by fungicide treatment. There appears to be no obvious explanation for the differences in fungicide sensitivity of the isolates in terms of their lipid compositions.  相似文献   

Artificial Insemination of Gilts with 1.5 Billion Sperms Stored in Different Periods Associated with Different Pre-ovulatory Intervals     

PE Bennemann  GN Diehl  E Milbradt  RM Vidor  HCC Fries  I Wentz  ML Bernardi  FP Bortolozzo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(6):507-510

This study evaluated the reproductive performance of gilts inseminated at three intervals before ovulation (0-12, 13-23, 24-30 h) with sperm doses (SD) stored for 0-48 and 96-120 h. A total of 218 PIC Camborough 22 gilts were inseminated once with SD of 1.5 x 10(9) sperms. Pregnant gilts (n = 166) were slaughtered 30.8 +/- 3.7 days after artificial insemination. The number of corpora lutea (CL) and total embryos (TE) was counted. Pregnancy rates (PR) were analysed by chi-square test. TE and embryonic survival (ES), obtained as the ratio between viable embryos and CL, were analysed by GLM procedure (SAS) and mean values were compared by Tukey's test. Pregnancy rate was similar among artificial insemination-ovulation (AIOV) intervals when semen was stored for 0-48 h. However, the lowest PR was observed in the 24-30 h AIOV interval with storage time (ST) of 96-120 h (p < 0.05). There was a significant effect of the interaction between ST and AIOV (p < 0.05) on TE and ES variables. Total embryos and ES did not differ (p > 0.05) among AIOV intervals in ST of 0-48 h. However, gilts inseminated at 24-30 h AIOV interval with ST of 96-120 h showed a reduction of 6.7 embryos (p < 0.05) compared with gilts in the same interval inseminated with semen stored for 0-48 h. ES for the 24-30 h AIOV interval and ST of 96-120 h was lower than that observed in the other groups (p < 0.05).  相似文献   

大麦云纹斑病菌对杀菌剂的抗性检测及同工酶谱类型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘波  蔡德华  苗容  S. J. Kendall  D. W. Hollomon 《植物保护学报》1996,23(3):247-252

1993～1994年大麦云纹斑病菌(Rhynchosporium secalis)对杀菌剂多菌灵、三唑醇的抗药性监测表明,该菌对两种杀菌剂的敏感程度发生了变化,并且首次在田间发现了大麦云纹斑病菌的多抗菌株。这类菌株对多菌灵、乙霉威及三唑醇都具有抗药性,且抗性程度很高。与1990～1991年得到的资料相比,随着杀菌剂选择压力的增加,大田群体中三唑醇高抗菌株比例逐年增加。对该菌同工酶分析结果表明,α—酯酶有7种表现型,磷酸葡萄糖变位酶有2种表现型,过氧化氢酶有3种表现型,无论对去甲基抑制剂类(DMI)表现抗性或敏感菌株,无论调节酶还是非调节酶,其酶谱表现型的变异基本相似。这表明大麦云纹斑病菌对DMI类抗药性突变存在于多个菌系的基因型背景群体中,而不是只起源于单一的广泛分布的菌系。  相似文献   

Effect of photoperiod on hepatic growth hormone receptor 1A expression in steer calves     

Kendall PE  Auchtung TL  Swanson KS  Radcliff RP  Lucy MC  Drackley JK  Dahl GE 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(6):1440-1446

Photoperiod manipulation, specifically a long-day photoperiod (LDPP), increases milk production in lactating cattle. We have previously reported that the galactopoietic effect of LDPP is associated with an increase in circulating IGF-I, which seems to occur independently of changes in concentrations of GH, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3. This study tested the hypothesis that LDPP increases the expression of GH receptor (GHR) 1A messenger RNA (mRNA) in the liver. Two groups of Holstein steer calves (98 +/- 4 d old) were maintained indoors and exposed to LDPP (16-h light: 8-h dark; n = 6) or short-day photoperiod (SDPP; 8-h light: 16-h dark; n = 6) for 60 d. Calves were individually fed a grain- and alfalfa-based diet. Jugular blood samples were collected weekly and via cannula at 15-min intervals for a 4-h period on d 1, 26, and 55 of the study to monitor pulsatile hormone secretion. Serum was harvested and assayed for IGF-I, prolactin (PRL), and GH using RIA. Liver biopsies were obtained at 3-wk intervals to quantify changes in hepatic IGF-I and GHR 1A mRNA using real-time PCR. Steer BW increased during the study but did not differ between treatments. No differences in ADG or total DMI were observed. Relative to SDPP, calves on LDPP had higher (P < 0.05) serum IGF-I concentrations. Concentrations of PRL increased (P < 0.01) in calves exposed to LDPP compared with calves exposed to SDPP. Differences (P < 0.05) in pulsatile GH secretion were also detected. Hepatic IGF-I and GHR 1A mRNA were positively correlated with circulating IGF-I concentrations, and although both increased with time, they were not affected by photoperiod treatment. These results confirm that LDPP increases circulating concentrations of IGF-I, but this occurs independently of changes in IGF-I synthesis and GHR 1A mRNA expression in the liver. Therefore, our hypothesis that LDPP increases the expression of GHR 1A mRNA in the bovine liver is rejected.  相似文献   

Septicemic salmonellosis in two cats fed a raw-meat diet     

Stiver SL  Frazier KS  Mauel MJ  Styer EL 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2003,39(6):538-542

Salmonella gastroenteritis and septicemia were diagnosed in two cats presented for necropsy. Both cats resided in the same household and were fed a home-prepared, raw meat-based diet. Salmonella was isolated from multiple organs in both cats and from samples of raw beef incorporated into the diet fed to one of the cats. Subtyping of the bacterial isolates yielded Salmonella newport from one cat and from the diet it had been fed. This report provides evidence that the practice of feeding raw meat-based diets to domestic cats may result in clinical salmonellosis.  相似文献   

Holding Power of Different Pin Designs and Pin Insertion Methods in Avian Cortical Bone     

LAUREL A. DEGERNES DVM  Diplomate ABVP    SIMON C. ROE BVSc  PhD  Diplomate ACVS  C. FRANK ABRAMS Jr.  PhD  PE 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1998,27(4):301-306

Objective —To measure pullout strength of four pin types in avian humeri and tibiotarsi bones and to compare slow-speed power and hand insertion methods.
Study Design —Axial pin extraction was measured in vitro in avian bones.
Animal Population —Four cadaver red-tailed hawks and 12 live red-tailed hawks.
Methods —The pullout strength of four fixator pin designs was measured: smooth, negative profile threaded pins engaging one or two cortices and positive profile threaded pins. Part 1: Pins were placed in humeri and tibiotarsi after soft tissue removal. Part 2: Pins were placed in tibiotarsi in anesthetized hawks using slow-speed power or hand insertion.
Results —All threaded pins, regardless of pin design, had greater pullout strength than smooth pins in all parts of the study ( P < .0001). The cortices of tibiotarsi were thicker than the cortices of humeri ( P < .0001). There were few differences in pin pullout strengths between threaded pin types within or between bone groups. There were no differences between the pullout strength of pins placed by slow-speed power or by hand.
Conclusions —There is little advantage of one threaded pin type over another in avian humeri and tibiotarsi using currently available pin designs. There were few differences in pin pullout strengths between humeri and tibiotarsi bones. It is possible that the ease of hand insertion in thin cortices minimizes the potential for wobbling and therefore minimizes the difference between slow-speed drill and hand insertion methods.
Clinical Relevance —Threaded pins have superior bone holding strength in avian cortices and may be beneficial for use with external fixation devices in birds.  相似文献