Identification of the core motif of the BRCA2 C-terminal RAD51-binding domain by comparing canine and human BRCA2     

Yasunaga YOSHIKAWA  Masami MORIMATSU  Kazuhiko OCHIAI  Toshina ISHIGURO-OONUMA  Ryo MORIOKA  Kento OKUDA  Koichi ORINO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(5):759

Mammary tumors are the most common tumors in women and non-spayed female dogs. One of the reasons for mammary tumors is mutations of the tumor suppressor gene, BRCA2. BRCA2 participates in homologous recombination repair by interacting with the RAD51 recombinase. BRCA2 has two RAD51-binding domains, consisting of BRC repeats and the C-terminal RAD51-binding domain, respectively. Although several studies have addressed the function of the C-terminal RAD51-binding domain of human BRCA2, the amino acid sequences required for the RAD51-interaction activity remain unclear. In this study, the C-terminal RAD51-binding domains of canine and human BRCA2 were compared; the canine domain displayed a weaker interaction with RAD51. This difference was attributed to the C-terminal portion of the domain via a comparison between canine and human domains. Furthermore, peptides shorter than those previously reported displayed RAD51-interacting activity, and a core motif of this domain consisting of 25 amino acids was identified. Since a mutation (S3323N) was reported in the core motif of this domain, the effect of this mutation was evaluated. The mutant exhibited similar RAD51-binding activity as that of the wild-type protein, suggesting that the mutation was functionally neutral. These data suggested that the C-terminal portion of the BRCA2 C-terminal RAD51-binding domain influenced its RAD51-interaction activity, and a minimum core motif of 25 amino acids was identified in this domain. These data may help clarify BRCA2 function, as well as the tumorigenic effects of BRCA2 mutation.  相似文献   

Increased number of whistles of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, arising from interaction with people     

Akiyama J  Ohta M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(2):165-170

The acoustic mode is the most reasonable means for social animals such as dolphins to maintain contact in the underwater habitat, and has been developed since they moved to the sea. This study investigates variations in dolphin vocalizations under the following conditions in a captive environment: 1) before feeding (Pre-feeding), 2) during feeding (Feeding), 3) during free time without the presence of people (Free), 4) during interaction with people located upon a float (Float), 5) during interaction with people in the water (Water). During the experiments, a total of 2642 whistles were extracted from sonogram data using a spectrogram. About 44% of the total whistles were observed during Pre-feeding (1171/2642), and the number recorded during Free, when people were absent, was the smallest. The acoustic contours of dolphin whistles differed in different situations: convex, wave, and trill whistles were made repeatedly during Pre-feeding, thereby being more common at this time than at other times. The situation of Feeding saw an increased number of Upsweeps, which might be related to the use of echolocation. The lower frequencies were recorded during Pre-feeding, reflecting the emotion related to the dolphin's hunger. The results of this study indicate that dolphins increase their vocalization during interaction with people, suggesting that interactions with dolphins provide an effective treatment for human health problems, which is discussed with a reference article in this study. Vocal data obtained during contact with humans might serve as an important index for the dolphin-assisted therapy.  相似文献   

Enhancement of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G production in mice by co-administration of L-cystine and L-theanine   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Kurihara S  Shibahara S  Arisaka H  Akiyama Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(12):1263-1270

Supplementation with both cystine and glutamic acid increases the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which has a marked effect on immune cell function, as compared with supplementation with either amino acid alone in human macrophages in vitro. As dietary glutamic acid is metabolized during intestinal transport, oral administration of L-theanine (gamma-glutamylethylamide), which is metabolized to glutamic acid mainly in the liver, may act as a glutamic acid donor in vivo. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of oral administration of L-cystine and/or L-theanine on GSH levels and immune responses. Co-administration of L-cystine (200 mg/kg) and L-theanine (80 mg/kg) for 11 days before immunization significantly increased the levels of total GSH in the liver 6 hr after immunization as compared with the levels in control mice. To examine the effects of administration of L-cystine and/or L-theanine on the balance of T helper (Th) 1/Th2 cell responses, the serum ratios of the Th1 cytokine, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and the Th2 cytokine, interleukin IL-10, were investigated. At 24 hr after immunization, co-administration significantly increased the IL-10/IFN-gamma ratio compared with the ratios of the control and single-administration mice. Furthermore, co-administration before primary immunization significantly enhanced serum antigen-specific IgG levels. Taken together, these findings suggest that co-administration of L-cystine and L-theanine enhances antigen-specific IgG production partly through augmentation of GSH levels and Th2-mediated responses.  相似文献   

Immunofluorescent studies on the multiplication of equine arteritis virus in Vero and E. Derm (NBL-6) cells.     

T Inoue  R Yanagawa  M Shinagawa  Y Akiyama 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1975,37(6):569-575

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Post-exposure treatment of cats with mouse-cat chimeric antibodies against feline herpesvirus type 1 and feline calicivirus     

Umehashi M  Imamura T  Akiyama S  Kimachi K  Tokiyoshi S  Mikami T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(11):1017-1021

In order to confirm the in vivo effectiveness of anti- feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) mouse-cat chimeric antibody (FJH2), and anti-feline calicivirus (FCV) mouse-cat chimeric antibody (F1D7), cats that had been experimentally infected with FHV-1 or FCV were administered intravenously with the chimeric antibodies, and observed for clinical manifestations. The symptoms due to FHV-1 or FCV infection in the cats administered FJH2 or F1D7 were obviously decreased when compared with those of the non-administered control cats. From these results, it was confirmed that both FJH2 and F1D7 were effective at reducing the appearance of symptoms due to FHV-1 and FCV infection, respectively.  相似文献   

Specific detection of potentially allergenic kiwifruit in foods using polymerase chain reaction     

Taguchi H  Watanabe S  Hirao T  Akiyama H  Sakai S  Watanabe T  Matsuda R  Urisu A  Maitani T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(5):1649-1655

Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa and Actinidia chinensis) is allergenic to sensitive patients, and, under Japanese regulations, it is one of the food items that are recommended to be declared on food labeling as much as possible. To develop PCR-based methods for the detection of trace amounts of kiwifruit in foods, two primer pairs targeting the ITS-1 region of the Actinidia spp. were designed using PCR simulation software. On the basis of the known distribution of a major kiwifruit allergen (actinidin) within the Actinidia spp., as well as of reports on clinical and immunological cross-reactivities, one of the primer pairs was designed to detect all Actinidia spp. and the other to detect commercially grown Actinidia spp. (i.e., kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta, and their interspecific hybrids) except for Actinidia polygama. The specificity of the developed methods using the designed primer pairs was verified by performing PCR experiments on 8 Actinidia spp. and 26 other plants including fruits. The methods were considered to be specific enough to yield target-size products only from the target Actinidia spp. and to detect no target-size products from nontarget species. The methods were sensitive enough to detect 5-50 fg of Actinidia spp. DNA spiked in 50 ng of salmon testis DNA used as a carrier (1-10 ppm of kiwifruit DNA) and 1700 ppm (w/w) of fresh kiwifruit puree spiked in a commercial plain yogurt (corresponding to ca. 10 ppm of kiwifruit protein). These methods would be expected to be useful in the detection of hidden kiwifruit and its related species in processed foods.  相似文献   

Supplementation of various meals to fish meal diet for chum salmon fry     

Toshio Akiyama  Takeshi Murai  Yasuhiro Hirasawa  Takeshi Nose 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1984,37(3):217-222

In a 6-week feeding experiment, chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, swim-up fry, were fed fish meal diets supplemented with silkworm pupae powder (5%), dried beef liver (5%), krill meal (5%) or earthworm powder (5%) at the expense of fish meal, or substituting glucose (13%) for dextrin. Fish fed the diet with earthworm powder showed the best growth performance (675% weight gain in 6 weeks) and feed efficiency (117%). The growth rate and feed efficiency of the krill meal group were also significantly better than those of the control group (without supplement or substitution). Substitution of glucose and supplementation of silkworm pupae or beef liver failed to improve the growth rate, but significantly improved feed efficiency. Food consumption of fish fed the diet supplemented with earthworms was lowest, and none of the dietary treatments appreciably increased food intake of the fish over that of the control group. The dietary group receiving earthworm powder also showed significantly higher body fat content than the remaining dietary groups. No significant differences were noted in body protein and ash contents among all dietary treatments.  相似文献   

Relationship between soak time and number of enmeshed animals in experimentally lost gill nets     

Seiji Akiyama  Eriko Saito  Toshihiro Watanabe 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(4):881-888

In order to determine the effects of ghost fishing by lost gill nets, the relationship was examined between soak time and number of enmeshed animals in experimentally lost gill nets by using diving observations. Two experimental gill nets were set at 13 m depth in Tateyama Bay, Chiba Prefecture, Japan for approximately 200 days. One gill net was deployed in a small trough surrounded by artificial reefs, and the other was deployed on an adjacent open sandy bed. Twelve species of crustaceans, six species of gastropods, and five species of bony fish were enmeshed in the experimental gill nets. The number of enmeshed animals in the artificial reef gill net was substantially larger than that in the sandy bed gill net. The number of enmeshed animals in the experimental gill nets increased rapidly within one month after deployment, and then declined gradually showing fluctuations caused by the decrease in newly enmeshed animals, and the drop off from gill nets caused by the decomposition of dead animals. The decrease in the number of enmeshed animals was expressed by logarithmic equations, and based on these equations, the duration of capture function for the lost gill nets was calculated to be 284–561 days in the artificial reef gill net and 200 days in the sandy bed gill net. The duration of capture function for the lost gill nets for non-commercial by-catch species such as small crustaceans and gastropods was longer than for commercial species such as Japanese spiny lobster and bony fish.  相似文献   

N2O, NO, and NH3 Emissions from Soil after the Application of Organic Fertilizers, Urea and Water     

Hiroko Akiyama  Iain P. McTaggart  Bruce C. Ball  Albert Scott 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,156(1):113-129

Agricultural soil is a major source of nitrous oxide (N₂O), nitric oxide (NO) and ammonia (NH₃). Little information is available on emissions of these gases from soils amended with organic fertilizers at different soil water contents. N₂O, NO and NH₃ emissions were measured in large-scale incubations of a fresh sandy loam soil and amended with four organic fertilizers, [poultry litter (PL), composted plant residues (CP), sewage sludge pellets (SP) and cattle farm yard manure (CM)], urea fertilizer (UA) or a zero-N control (ZR) for 38 days. Fertilizers were added to soil at 40, 60 or 80% water-filled pore space (WFPS). The results showed that urea and organic fertilizer were important sources of N₂O and NO. Total N₂O and NO emissions from UA ranged from 0.04 to 0.62%, and 0.23 to 1.55% of applied N, respectively. Total N₂O and NO emissions from organic fertilizer treatments ranged from 0.01 to 1.65%, and <0.01 to=" 0.55%=" of=" applied=" n,=" respectively.=" the=" lower=">₂O and NO emissions from CP and CM suggested that applying N is these forms could be a useful mitigation option. Comparison of the NO-N/N₂O-N ratio suggested that nitrification was more dominant in UA whereas denitrification was more dominant in the organic fertilizer treatments. Most N was lost from PL and UA as NH₃, and this was not influenced significantly by WFPS. Emissions of NH₃ from UA and PL ranged from 62.4 to 69.6%, and 3.17 to 6.11% of applied N, respectively.  相似文献   

The effect of alkaline dust decline on the precipitation chemistry in northern Japan     

I. Noguchi  T. Kato  M. Akiyama  H. Otsuka  Y. Matsumoto 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(4):2357-2362

The precipitation chemistry in northern Japan, especially Hokkaido, has been investigated since 1982. This area has often been found to have high concentrations of alkaline road dust (asphalt dust) in the air, caused by the use of studded tires during the winter. It is well known that the composition of precipitation in these areas is often dominated by asphalt dust including calcium bicarbonate. However, recently the concentration of asphalt dust in the air has decreased owing to a ban on the use of studded tires. Simultaneously, in precipitation, the lowering of pH values and the increase of hydrogen ion depositions have been occurring owing to the decrease of non-sea-salt calcium ions (nss-Ca²⁺) concentrations and depositions derived from asphalt dust. In addition, we found that a decrease of nss-Ca²⁺ firstly leads to a decrease of bicarbonate ions (HCO₃ ^?), the counter ion to nss-Ca²⁺ in asphalt dust. Therefore, the increase of H⁺ concentrations and depositions was great in comparison with the decrease of nss-Ca²⁺ concentrations and depositions in areas where the HCO₃ ^?concentrations, varied by pH, and depositions had been low. Furthermore, this variation was mainly observed in the ionic composition of snow cover and snowfall at sites along the Japan Sea in northern Japan during winter. In this area, the Acid Shock effect may become a serious problem from the decline of pH values in melting snow. Moreover, we found that ammonium ions and non-sea-salt sulfate ions depositions have also been decreasing in response to a decrease of nss-Ca²⁺ depositions, derived from asphalt dust. It seems that this phenomenon is caused by the decrease of asphalt dust concentrations in the air.  相似文献