Prevalence of and factors associated with Brucella sero-positivity in cattle in urban and peri-urban Gulu and Soroti towns of Uganda     

Denis Rwabiita MUGIZI  Sofia BOQVIST  George William NASINYAMA  Charles WAISWA  Kokas IKWAP  Kim ROCK  Elisabeth LINDAHL  Ulf MAGNUSSON  Joseph ERUME 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(5):557-564

Brucellosis is a key zoonosis of major public health, animal welfare and economic significance, and is endemic in livestock in Uganda. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out to estimate the sero-prevalence of brucellosis and identify factors associated with sero-positivity in cattle in urban and peri-urban Gulu and Soroti towns of Northern and Eastern Uganda, respectively. A total of 1007 sera and data on biologically plausible risk factors from 166 herds and their spatial locations, were collected from cattle reared in urban and peri-urban Gulu and Soroti towns of Uganda. The sera were analyzed using indirect ELISA and sero-positive reactors confirmed by competitive ELISA. Multivariable models were used to investigate for risk factors. The overall animal-level and herd-level sero-prevalence was 7.5% (76/1007, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 6.15–9.4%) and 27.1% (45/166, 95% CI: 20.9–34.3%), respectively. Herd-level sero-prevalence was significantly (P<0.001) higher in Soroti than Gulu. In Gulu town, sero-positivity increased with an increase in herd size (P=0.03) and age (P=0.002), and was higher in cattle brought in from western Uganda (P<0.0001). In Soroti town, introduction of new cattle into a herd was significantly (P=0.027) associated with herd sero-positivity. There was a geographically differential risk (clustering) of Brucella sero- positivity in herds in Soroti, while sero-positivity was homogeneously distributed in Gulu. The data highlight brucellosis occurrence and major risk factors for its transmission in cattle in urban and peri-urban areas.  相似文献   

Effects of Clostridium difficile, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus sp. on anomalous lower bowel function on germfree mice     

L Pesti  E Kokas  H A Gordon 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1981,4(1):87-92

The aim of this work was to study the redressing effects which selected elements of the microbial flora have on intestinal and cardiovascular anomalies of germfree mice. In reference to the enlarged cecum, to the more positive redox potential in cecal contents and to the refractoriness of vascular smooth muscle to various agonist substances observed in germfree rodents, the following were determined after three weeks' microbial association: (i) the weight, (ii) dry percent, (iii) Eh and (iv) epinephrine inhibitory activity of ‘alpha pigment’ in cecal contents. The results indicated that none of the tested micro-organisms changed the weight and dry percent of cecal contents of the ex-germfree mice in comparison to germfree controls. L. casei caused a slight shift to less positive Eh values. Cl. difficile and L. casei as mono-associates reduced the activity of alpha pigment by approx. 80% in comparison to germfree controls. These findings suggest that in malfunctions which develop in gastrointestinal and cardiovascular aspects of rodents in the absence of the flora, specific microbial associates effect their remedial action by correcting specific details in various anomalous functions.  相似文献