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Raja A Vignesh AR Mary BA Tirumurugaan KG Raj GD Kataria R Mishra BP Kumanan K 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,140(3-4):252-258
This study involved cloning and sequencing of the coding regions of all 10 Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes of goat. Goat TLR 1-10 gene sequences revealed a high degree of nucleotide identity with sheep and cattle sequences (>90%) and 75-85% with pig, mouse and human sequences. At the amino acid level, 85-99% similarity was observed with sheep and cattle and 60-85% with pig, mouse and human. TLR9c DNA of goat showed the highest amino acid identity to that of sheep (99%) while TLR8 cDNA showed the lowest identity of 88.7% to that of sheep. Variations were seen in the number of leucine rich repeats (LRRs) of goat TLRs as compared to other ruminant species with maximum differences in the TLR3 gene. Phylogenetic analysis through molecular evolution and genetic analysis (MEGA) software and multi dimensional scaling revealed a high degree of conservation of goat TLRs with those from other species. However when the TIR domain of all the TLRs were compared, goat TLR7 TIR alone showed a high divergence of 19.3 as compared to sheep sequences. This is the first report of the full-length cDNA sequences of all the 10 TLR genes of goats which would be a useful tool for the study of evolutionary lineages and for phylogenetic analysis. 相似文献
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Kumanan K Meignanalakshmi A Meenu R Nainar AM 《Tropical animal health and production》2003,35(5):391-395
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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A velogenic Newcastle disease virus isolate typed to belong to group C1 by monoclonal antibody typing was adapted 50 times
in chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture and 60 times in Vero cells. At every 10th passage the virus was characterized on
the basis of mean death time, intracerebral pathogenicity indices and viral titration studies. A gradual reduction in the
virulence of the virus was noted as the passage number increased. RT-PCR of a 254 bp region of the fusion gene encompassing
the fusion protein cleavage site was carried out for the virulent as well as cell culture-adapted viruses at every 10th passage
level. The amplicons were subsequently digested with three restriction enzymes, viz. AluI, HaeIII and PstI. It was found out that there was difference in banding patterns between the virulent and adapted viruses, indicating nucleotide
substitutions in the virulent virus when it was sequentially passaged onto cell culture systems. 相似文献
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Vignesh AR Dhanasekaran S Raj GD Balachandran C Pazhanivel N Sreekumar C Tirumurugaan KG Raja A Kumanan K 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,147(1-2):51-59
The primary objective of this study was to assess the expression profile and levels of toll-like receptor (TLR) mRNAs in the spleen, lung, mediastinal lymph node (MLN), jejunum, rectum, skin and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Toda and Murrah buffalos. Spleen and PBMC had increased expression of TLR mRNAs 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10; lung had increased expression of TLR mRNAs 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8, MLN TLR mRNA 6, 9, 10 and decrease in TLR 3 and 7 mRNAs in skin. No significant differences were observed in the expression levels of any of the TLR mRNA in jejunum and rectum. Toda buffaloes showed significantly higher expression levels of TLR 9 mRNA in MLN, TLR mRNAs 1, 5, 6, 9 and 10 in skin and TLR mRNAs 2, 4, 7 and 9 in PBMC than Murrah buffaloes living in the vicinity. Toda and Murrah buffaloes were inoculated with TLR5 (flagellin) and TLR9 (CpG ODN) ligands in vivo and expression levels of the respective TLRs analyzed 12h later. Following CpG inoculation, Toda buffaloes had significantly higher levels of TLR 9 mRNA expression but not in Murrah. However, flagellin induction did not increase TLR 5 mRNA expression in both these breeds. Histological sections of the skin were made and infiltrating cell clusters were graded and quantified. Following CpG inoculation, Toda buffaloes showed higher numbers of infiltrating grade 1 and grade 3 cell clusters while Murrah showed lower numbers of infiltrating grade 1 cells as compared to mock-inoculated skin sections. Flagellin treatment revealed no significant differences in infiltrating cell clusters in both the breeds. The results have shown differential expression of TLR mRNAs in various tissues between two divergent buffalo breeds with the highest difference in TLR expression profile seen in the skin, the largest portal of entry of pathogens, of Toda. 相似文献
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K Kumanan S Elankumaran K Vijayarani K S Palaniswami V D Padmanaban R J Manvell D J Alexander 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1992,39(5):383-387
Eleven Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates obtained from outbreaks of disease in chickens (9) and Japanese quail (2) in Tamil Nadu, India were characterised in pathogenicity tests, antigenically, using mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and other established tests devised to distinguish between different strains. All 11 isolates were shown to be highly virulent for chickens. In indirect immunoperoxidase tests used to assess the ability of a panel of 28 MAbs to bind to infected cell cultures, 10 of the isolates showed an identical reaction pattern, the other isolate (No. 4) failed to react with one MAb which bound to cells infected with the other isolates. Isolates 9 was unstable at pH 3 while the other 10 were stable. All other properties were shared by the 11 isolates. 相似文献
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Raghavan V.S. Kumanan K. Thirumurugan G. Nachimuthu K. 《Tropical animal health and production》1998,30(5):287-293
Eleven Newcastle disease viruses (NDV), isolated from apparently healthy and ailing Desi chickens were subjected to both conventional and modern characterization techniques. The virulence and strain differentiating experiments placed 10 isolates in the velogenic group and one in the mesogenic group. In MDBK cells, 9 isolates produced characteristic cytopathogenic effects up to 5 and 2 up to 3 passages. Molecular characterization with a 21-mer oligonucleotide probe placed all the isolates in the velogenic/mesogenic group. The results of this study clearly indicated that the isolates obtained are either velogenic or mesogenic but not lentogenic. 相似文献
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K. Vijayarani S. Muthusamy K. G. Tirumurugaan S. M. Sakthivelan K. Kumanan 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(3):415-419
This report describes Newcastle disease in peacock and the isolation and characterization of the virus. The virus had an intracerbral
pathogenicity index of 1.71 and mean death time of 47 h. The isolate had multiple basic amino acids at the fusion protein
cleavage site sequence (110GGRRQRRFIG119) with a phenylalanine at residue 117. Biological and molecular characterization revealed that the virus is velogenic. Phylogenetic
analysis placed the isolate in genotype II. 相似文献