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1.
Chan Song Kim Jin Hur Seong Kug Eo Sang-Youel Park John Hwa Lee 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2016,80(1):40-48
Salmonella Typhimurium ghost cells expressing K88ab, K88ac, K99, and FasA fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in their envelopes were constructed. The genes encoding the fimbriae were individually cloned into an expression plasmid, pMMP81, carrying the asd gene, which was subsequently electroporated into the Δasd S. Typhimurium mutant. Plasmid pJHLP99, carrying the phiX174 lysis gene E, was also subsequently electroporated into the Salmonella mutant. The presence of the individual fimbriae on the ghost cells was examined by Western blot analysis. Forty BALB/c mice were equally divided into 2 groups of 20 mice each. Group A mice were intramuscularly vaccinated with a mixture of the 4 ghost cells expressing the individual fimbriae. The group B mice were inoculated with sterile phosphate-buffered saline as a control. The antigen-specific serum IgG concentrations were significantly higher in group A than in group B from week 2 until week 6 after inoculation. In addition, the antigen-specific IgA concentrations in fecal samples were significantly higher in group A than in group B at week 2 after inoculation. A large difference between the groups in the number of antigen-specific IgA-secreting cells in the small intestine was observed by immunohistochemical study. Also, the splenic lymphocyte proliferative responses were significantly greater in group A than in the control mice. These results suggest that vaccination with our Salmonella ghost cells can induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and that the increased number of antigen-specific IgA-secreting cells in the small intestine may be correlated with the elevated fecal IgA immune response. 相似文献
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Fruit abscission in water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC.) was investigated by measuring fruit removal force (FRF) affected by fruit ages and plant hormones. FRF decreased rapidly 30 days after anthesis (DAA). Ethylene evolution increased rapidly at 35 DAA and ABA concentration increased gradually after 20 DAA. ACC and ethephon decreased the FRF of fruit explants and the promoting effect of ACC was delayed by silver thiosulphate and cycloheximide, but not by norbornadiene and actinomycin D. ABA enhanced fruit abscission without increasing ethylene evolution. However, the observation that CoCl2 delayed abscission induced by ABA indicates possible involvement of ethylene in the ABA effect. Treatment with NAA, fenoprop and IAA had no effect on 30 DAA fruit explants, but IAA delayed abscission of 25 DAA explants. This suggests that the effect of auxins may differ with fruit age when used as control agents. 相似文献
3.
Lee BM Han YW Kim SB Rahman MM Uyangaa E Kim JH Roh YS Kim B Han SB Hong JT Kim K Eo SK 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2011,34(4):369-380
The enhanced effect of cytokine combinations has been assessed empirically, based on their immunobiological mechanisms. However, far less is known of the enhanced protection of practical cytokine combinations against viral infection in the livestock industry, due to cost and production issues associated with mass administration. This study demonstrates the enhanced protection of oral co-administration of swine interferon-α (swIFN-α) and interleukin-18 (swIL-18) against infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in piglets using attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as carrier of cytokine proteins. A single oral co-administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIFN-α and swIL-18 induced enhanced alleviation of the severity of diarrhea caused by TGEV infection, compared to piglets administered S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swIFN-α or swIL-18 alone. This enhancement was further observed by the reduction of TGEV shedding and replication, and the expression of IFN-stimulated gene products in the intestinal tract. The results suggest that the combined administration of the swIFN-α and swIL-18 cytokines using attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium as an oral carrier provides enhanced protection against intestinal tract infection with TGEV. 相似文献
4.
John Hwa Lee Atul A. Chaudhari In Gyoung Oh Seong Kug Eo Sang-Youel Park Chetan V. Jawale 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2015,79(3):229-234
In this study, the immune responses to and protective efficacy of a live attenuated Salmonella-delivered vaccine candidate secreting the papA, papG, iutA, and clpG antigens of Escherichia coli were evaluated against infection with avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) in layer chickens. Primary vaccination was done at age 7 d and booster vaccination at age 5 wk. The levels of intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A specific to the 4 antigens were significantly higher in the vaccinated group than in the control group. A potent lymphocyte-proliferation response and increased levels of interferon-γ, interleukin-2, and interleukin-6 in the plasma and in culture supernatants of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes from the vaccinated group suggested significant induction of the cell-mediated immune response in this group compared with the control group. Upon challenge with a virulent APEC strain at 8 wk of age, the vaccinated group had no deaths, whereas the control group had a 15% mortality rate. In addition, the morbidity rate was significantly higher in the control group (55%) than in the vaccinated group (15%). Thus, giving primary and booster vaccination with the Salmonella-delivered APEC vaccine candidate significantly elevated both mucosal and cellular immune responses, which protected the chickens against colibacillosis. 相似文献
5.
Little is known of the association of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7/NM (EHEC O157) with disease in naturally infected calves, although cattle have been known as a major source for EHEC O157 outbreaks in humans. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of EHEC O157 in calves associated with/without diarrhoea to examine if EHEC O157 is involved in calf diarrhoea and to characterize the isolates. Four hundred and ninety eight diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic young calves from 115 different farms were examined. Of 244 diarrhoeic calves, 24 (9.8%) were positive for EHEC O157, and of 254 non-diarrhoeic calves, 7 (2.8%) were positive. EHEC O157 was recovered from 12/76 (15.79%) of diarrhoeic calves less than 2-week-old, and no EHEC O157 was detected in this age group of non-diarrhoeic calves. This implicates EHEC O157 as a possible cause of the disease in naturally infected neonatal calves. The occurrence of EHEC O157 was relatively lower in the older calves (aged older than 8 weeks) and no significant difference was found in the occurrence rates between these diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic calves. PCR analysis of virulence markers revealed that the isolates carried various virulence genes such as Ehly, eae, stx1 and stx2, which underlines the potential importance of these attributes for the infection, colonization and possible pathogenesis of calf diarrhoea. 相似文献
6.
In this study, electrical properties and data transmission characteristics of 75D PET/silver composite filaments were measured and analyzed in order to explore the feasibility of “digital textiles” in terms of resistance, resonance frequency, dB loss, and Bandwidth. Those characteristics were measured and compared according to measurement length (10～50 cm) and number of strands (1～10) in order to provide a design guide line for smart clothing. According to the measurement results, electrical characteristics of conducting fiber can be enhanced by increasing the number of fiber strand. It was also demonstrated that multiple resonances could occur from conducting fiber when the fiber lengths are varied. Finally, it showed the delay time of conducting fiber reached the saturated value when the number of fiber strand exceeded five. 相似文献
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松嫩平原盐碱化草地星星草的适应性及耐盐生理特性的研究 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：23
本文对不同程度盐碱生境条件下星星草的生物量，优势度及生理指标进行系统地分析研究。结果表明：星星草的生态分布幅度较窄，但对盐碱生境具有较强的适应能力，在ｐＨ值为９．８０－１０．７，电导率为０．６０－０．９４ｍｓ／ｃｍ的土壤都能正常生长。通过其体内积累脯氨酸和无机离子进行渗透调节，以适应盐碱生境条件的变化。 相似文献
9.
Han YW Kim SB Rahman M Uyangaa E Lee BM Kim JH Park KI Hong JT Han SB Eo SK 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2011,34(4):335-345
Oral administration of attenuated Salmonella vaccine may provide valuable advantages such as low cost, easy preparation, and safety. Attenuated Salmonella vaccines also serve as carriers of foreign antigens and immunomodulatory cytokines. Presently, an attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain was used as a carrier for open reading frame 7 (ORF7) protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a swine pathogen of significant global economic importance. Initially, an attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing ORF7 gene derived from PRRSV Korean isolate was constructed. Following oral administration of a single dose of the attenuated Salmonella vaccine expressing PRRSV ORF7, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses specific for ORF7 were induced at both systemic and mucosal sites including spleen, mesenteric lymph node, Peyer's patch, and laminar propria, as evaluated by determining serum ORF7-specific IgG and mucosal IgA responses, as well as Th1- and Th2-type cytokine production from antigen-stimulated T cells. The induced humoral responses were sustained for at least 12 weeks post-immunization. In particular, the immunized mice displayed immune responses to both the foreign ORF7 antigen and Salmonella itself. The results indicate the value of attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium as an oral carrier of PRRSV antigenic proteins to induce effective systemic and mucosal immunity. 相似文献
10.
Jinu Eo Shuhei Takemoto Kazunori Otobe 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(2):231-237
We investigated if rates of propagation and migration were related with the level of virulence in the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus using 17 offspring lines from the F2 crosses between virulent and avirulent isolates. Virulence was tested by inoculating seedlings of Pinus thunbergii with the nematodes. The proportion of dead seedlings ranged from 13.3% to 77.8%, 20 weeks after inoculation. Migration rate
of the nematodes was estimated by measuring their migration distance per unit time in an artificial substrate that imitated
pathways in pine trees. Migration rate varied from 0.85 to 3.53 mm min−1. Propagation rate was determined based on population growth on the fungus Botrytis cinerea, and it ranged between 103.88 and 104.99 per 12 days. Statistical analyses revealed that virulence was not correlated with migration rate, but was negatively correlated
with propagation rate on Botrytis cinerea, suggesting that the nematodes paid some cost for virulence. Also, there was no relationship between rates of migration and
propagation. Cluster analysis showed that the biological parameters varied between crossbred lines, with no kinship bias,
suggesting the absence of sex-linked inheritance in virulence and rates of propagation and migration. 相似文献