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1.
Lahrmann KH Steinberg C Dahms S Heller P 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,116(1-2):67-73
A longitudinal observational study in 180 pig breeding herds was performed to calculate prevalences of herd specific factors as well as typical limb disorders and to estimate their associations in a 2-step regression analysis. Regarding herd size, genetics, feeding and weight gain herds were distributed almost equal. The population density and the hygiene status were considered proper in most herds. In the farrowing units partially slatted floors of metal or plastic with slats > 9 mm, in the weaning units fully slatted floors of plastic, and in the rearing units fully slatted floors of concrete were most common. Less than 6% of the farms housed their pigs on solid concrete with straw bedding. Herd prevalences of fault floors varied between 18 and 43%. As a herd health problem (morbidity > 25%) claw hematomas and limb abrasions in just 1-week old piglets, overgrown claws and bursa swellings in weaned pigs, and bursa swellings in rearing pigs were wide spread. Leg deformations by osteopathy or arthritis occurred only sporadically. In the risk analysis claw hematomas of piglets were associated with slatted floors, particulary with slats < 10 mm. Abrasions were associated with concrete and rough floor surfaces at all. Overgrown claws and bursa swellings in weaned and in rearing pigs were associated with damaged, slippery or rough floor surfaces. Other associations were not detected. The quality of floor might be more important than the type of housing. 相似文献
2.
Lahrmann HK Bremermann N Kaufmann O Dahms S 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2004,111(5):205-208
The purpose of the study was to compare indoor and outdoor housing of pigs and their influence on animal health, growing performance and meat quality in a controlled field trial: 29 litters (252 piglets) from indoor and 22 litters (221 piglets) from outdoor were separated at weaning. One half of each litter changed to the opposite housing resulting finally in 4 types of housing: Continuous outdoor or indoor raising and combined outdoor-indoor or indoor-outdoor raising. Pigs in continuous resp. predominant outdoor housing showed lower morbidity and mortality during all raising periods, more active behaviour, higher daily weight gain in weaned pigs and in fattening pigs, but higher feed consumption as compared to indoor housed pigs. However, feed conversion did not differ significantly. Due to climatic influences differences in morbidity were partly more significant in summer litters (intestinal infections) or in winter litters (lung infections). Outdoor pigs raised in summer resulted less often in meat classification E (lean meat percentage > 55%), however, meat quality, estimated by pH-measures did not differ significantly. We conclude from our findings that outdoor housing of pigs from birth to slaughtering may be a serious alternative to predominant indoor keeping with regard to general welfare and growing performance. 相似文献
3.
HY Jang YH Kim BW Kim IC Park HT Cheong JT Kim CK Park HS Kong HK Lee BK Yang 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):943-950
Melatonin, the major secretory product of the pineal gland, scavenges a variety of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in vivo and in vitro, indicating that melatonin is a potent function as an antioxidant. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on sperm characteristics (motility, viability, survival rate, membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and mitochondria activity) and also to examine the developmental rates to the blastocysts stage of porcine oocytes fertilized in vitro with semen treated with or without melatonin (100 nm ) in the presence or absence of H2O2 (250 μm ). The sperm were treated with melatonin in the presence or absence of H2O2 for 3, 6, 9 and 12 h at 37°C and then analysed for the sperm characteristics. The porcine embryos were produced by in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVM/IVF) using semen treated with or without melatonin (100 nm ) in the presence or absence of H2O2 (250 μm ) for 6 h. The semen characteristics, including motility, viability, survival rate, membrane integrity and mitochondria activity, were higher in the groups that were treated with melatonin in comparison to other groups, irrespective of incubation periods. Malondialdehyde levels in control, melatonin and melatonin + H2O2 groups were lower than H2O2 only group. A positive correlation was shown among motility, viability, survival rate and membrane integrity, but a negative correlation was observed between LPO and the other evaluation methods. The developmental rates to blastocysts of IVM/IVF porcine oocytes fertilized by semen treated with melatonin were significantly increased compared with any other groups, with the cell number of blastocysts shown to have a similar trend to the developmental rates. These results demonstrate that melatonin can improve the semen characteristics during in vitro storage and support the developmental ability of IVM/IVF embryos in pigs. 相似文献
4.
Rintisch U Baars J Lahrmann KH 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2012,125(3-4):96-102
The objective of the investigation was to evaluate quantitatively the analgesic efficacy of the Ketamine-Azaperone-general anesthesia during surgical procedures on pigs by nociceptive flexor reflexes (NFR). The study was performed in 30 four to five month old male pigs which were castrated. The NFR was evoked every minute over the N. ulnaris by multiple electrical stimulation consisting of five single stimuli (2 Hz). The reflex response was derived electromyographically (EMG) by surface electrodes placed over the M. deltoideus. The root-mean-square amplitude within the time interval of 80-240 ms after the last stimulus was calculated as measure for the reflex size. The threshold was fixed at 40 microV. Beside electrical NFR recording the surgical tolerance was determined by the traditional interdigital reflex and the defense reaction to defined surgical test stimuli which were incisisions in the scrotal skin, in the tunica vaginalis and in the testis, pulling off the spermatic cord, clamping and cutting off the spermatic cord and final wound disinfection. All surgical pain stimuli were performed simultaneously with the electrical stimuli. After induction of anesthesia the NFR amplitude declined from 3500 microV below the threshold of 40 microV. At 98% of the surgical stimuli without defense reaction were below the reflex threshold. At 93% with defense reactions demonstrated reflex amplitudes above the threshold. When the interdigital reflex was suppressed, 89% of the NFR values fell below the threshold of 40 microV. These findings demonstrate a good correlation of NFR-amplitudes with reactions to traditional controls of analgesia. 相似文献
5.
Assessment of Genetic Variability in the Coding Sequence of Melatonin Receptor Gene (MTNR1A) in Tropical Arid Sheep Breeds of India 
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下载免费PDF全文 VK Saxena BK Jha AS Meena HK Narula D Kumar SMK Naqvi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(3):517-521
Seasonal behaviour in sheep, which varies in tropical and temperate environmental conditions, is a matter of study, because it can provide a clue to address the problem of seasonality in sheep. Melatonin receptor is the membrane‐bound G‐coupled receptor, sensing the message of photoperiodic cues thorough melatonin. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) studies were carried out to assess the variability of gene at G612A and C606T SNPs in MTNR1A gene, which have been studied to be markers for out‐of‐season breeding. Allelic frequency distribution corresponded to higher frequency of GG and CC genotype, in tropical arid sheep breed in comparison with temperate region sheep breed. PCR amplification of MTNR1A gene of 30 animals was performed and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identification was carried out using Lasergene software. Seven SNPs/mutations were identified, but most of them were synonymous, except the one G706A, leading to substitution of valine by isoleucine. Polyphen‐2 analysis of G706A mutation revealed that it is a benign mutation. Two important SNPs C426T and G555A, which were identified in temperate sheep breeds, could not be traced in Magra and Marwari breeds of sheep. Thus, the Magra and Marwari breeds of tropical, arid region demonstrated the presence of both polymorphic SNPs markers G612A and C606T, associated with out‐of‐season breeding. GG and CC genotypes were having a higher prevalence in the studied population. 相似文献
6.
G Zamaratskaia HK Andersson G Chen K Andersson A Madej K Lundström 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(3):351-359
The objective of this study, comprising two trials, was to evaluate the effect of a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH‐vaccine ImprovacTM; Pfizer Ltd) in a sample of the Swedish pig population. The pigs (n = 120) were assigned to three groups: control (entire male pigs), surgical castration and immunization against GnRH. Surgically castrated pigs did not express detectable levels of either testosterone or estrone sulphate (E1S) in plasma, or androstenone in fat and had lower skatole and indole levels in fat than entire male pigs. Immunization significantly reduced testes weight and bulbourethral gland length, plasma levels of the testicular hormones testosterone and E1S, and fat levels of androstenone, skatole and indole. Skatole levels in plasma were significantly lower than in entire male pigs in the second trial, but not in the first due to overall low skatole levels. All immunized pigs and surgically castrated pigs expressed skatole concentrations in fat below the level of 0.2 μg/g, above which meat is regarded as tainted. In contrast, eight entire male pigs exceeded this level. Indole levels in plasma from immunized pigs were lower than those from entire male pigs. Surgical castration caused lower daily weight gain in the suckling period compared with piglets raised intact, whereas in the post‐weaning period no difference was observed. Immunization resulted in higher feed intake and daily weight gain after the second injection. The estimated lean meat content was improved in comparison with the castrated pigs, but was lower than for entire male pigs. Dressing percentage was lower in immunized pigs than in surgically castrated and entire male pigs. The frequency of skin damage did not differ between immunized and entire male pigs or between immunized and surgically castrated pigs. 相似文献
7.
Jan H. Baars Ulf Rintisch Benno Rehberg Karl Heinz Lahrmann Falk von Dincklage 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(3):377-381
Movement responses to noxious stimuli during anaesthesia indicate nociception. Under experimental conditions consistent prediction of such movement responses has been achieved by the use of nociceptive flexion reflexes (NFRs). The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of NFRs and the electroencephalogram bispectral index (BIS) in predicting motor responses to real surgical stimuli in pigs. The study was undertaken in 30 pigs undergoing bilateral orchiectomy under ketamine/azaperone anaesthesia. During the operation, movement responses to seven distinct surgical steps that provided noxious stimuli of different intensity were evaluated. Any movement response of limbs or the head was considered as a positive response. For each surgical step the values of NFRs and the BIS obtained just prior to the step were tested as predictors of movement responses.The prediction probability for movement responses was 0.58 ± 0.04 for the BIS and 0.76 ± 0.03 for the NFRs. It was concluded that NFRs but not the BIS can predict the effectiveness of ketamine anaesthesia in terms of the suppression of movement responses to surgical stimuli. 相似文献
8.
K H Lahrmann 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1989,102(7):227-233
In 7 herds half of the sows of each service area have been illuminated, additionally to the natural daylight, with artificial light during 2 years (year 1: 100 1 x; year 2: 300 1 x). From 2965 services parameters of fertility of the natural and artificial light groups have been recorded and compared within and between herds as well as seasons. Seasonal variations of fertility, as reported by other authors, have been confirmed under natural and artificial light. Generally the results under additional artificial light were better in all seasons. The duration of daylight seems to be one of the main reasons for seasonal variations of fertility. During the period of April, May and June (increasing daylength from 13 h to 17 h, but moderate temperatures from 13 degrees C to 22 degrees C) fertility was most depressed, followed by the period of July, August and September (decreasing daylength from 17 h to 12 h, temperatures from 24 degrees C to 22 degrees C). The best fertility has been recorded during winter (October to March, less than 12 h daylength). In addition to increased light intensity a period of 12 h artificial lighting appears to be favourable in winter with less than 12 h natural daylength, but it is not effective during summer with daylengths longer than 12 h. In respect to these results reducing natural daylength to 12 h during summer maintaining sufficient light intensity might be useful. 相似文献
9.
G Zamaratskaia L Rydhmer G Chen A Madej HK Andersson K Lundström 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(6):500-506
This study aimed to describe the association between incidence of boar taint and pubertal changes in gonadal hormones, size of reproductive organs and aggressive behaviour in entire male pigs. In total, 111 entire male pigs were included in the study. Sampling was performed first at 90 kg live weight (LW) and, then, at 115 kg LW. Variables measured were skatole and androstenone levels in plasma and fat, testosterone and oestrone sulphate in plasma, free oestrone in fat, weight of testes and length of bulbourethral glands. Aggressive interactions between pigs were registered when a limited amount of feed was provided to the pigs prior to routine feeding. The number of initiated interactions (attacks) and the difference between number of initiated and received interactions (relative attacks) were calculated for each pig. Multivariate analysis revealed that gonadal hormones and reproductive organ size influenced prevalence of boar taint, accounting for 30% of the variation in skatole levels in fat and for 37% of the variation in androstenone levels in fat. These relations were independent of aggression levels in entire male pigs. Skatole levels were influenced by the levels of oestrone sulphate in plasma and free oestrone in fat, but not levels of plasma testosterone. Pigs with testes weight below 565 g and a bulbourethral gland length <90 mm did not produce high amounts of skatole; therefore, these values can be used as a threshold level to detect pig carcasses with low skatole levels. High androstenone levels could not be predicted by measuring reproductive organ sizes. More research is required to develop a rapid and accurate method for the analysis of carcasses of entire male pigs. 相似文献
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