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OBJECTIVE: To describe the vascular supply to a facial skin flap based at the commissure of the lip in the dog and report on its use in four dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental and prospective clinical study. Animals Five canine cadavers and four client-owned dogs. METHODS: In the cadavers, the ventral aspect of the zygomatic arch, the ventral margin of the caudal mandible and the wing of the atlas were marked as anatomical boundaries of a skin flap that was elevated from the subcutaneous tissues to the level of the medial canthus of the eye. Methylene blue dye and barium sulphate solution were independently infused through a common carotid (three dogs) or facial artery (two dogs) catheter. Distribution of dye throughout the harvested skin was assessed subjectively. After contrast infusion the flap was excised and radiographed. The technique was used to reconstruct large facial or nasal defects in four dogs after tumour or skin lesion excision. RESULTS: Cadaver dissections and contrast studies clearly demonstrated three direct cutaneous arteries, the superior and inferior labial arteries and the angularis oris artery, arborising within the base of the flap. A separate direct cutaneous branch of the angularis oris artery was identified. An arterial plexus was identified within the distal flap, within which this artery communicates with the transverse facial artery and a cutaneous branch of the masseteric artery. Dye infusion caused discolouration of the elevated skin and vasculature within the flap. The flap survived in all clinical cases with marginal distal necrosis in one dog. CONCLUSIONS: The complex facial flap described is perfused by three direct cutaneous arteries and functions reliably in clinical cases. 相似文献
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An outbreak of chronic cryptosporidiosis resulting in hypertrophic gastritis occurred in a captive colony of Australian elapid snakes. Two species of the genus Notechiswere involved: Notechis ***ater(Black Tiger Snake) and Notechis scutatus (Eastern or Mainland Tiger Snake). The infection was eventually fatal in all 9 affected snakes. Typical histopathological findings of the stomach included mucosal thickening with cystic dilatation of gastric glands, moderate oedema and fibrosis of the lamina propria, and a mild to moderate patchy infiltration of inflammatory cells. Procedures implemented to contain the outbreak included the use of a formaldehyde-based disinfectant, prompt removal of faecal matter, uneaten and regurgitated food from enclosures, and examination of faecal specimens for Cryptosporidium oocysts and other pathogens. 相似文献
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Localization of calcium pump activity in smooth muscle 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
A microsomal fraction isolated from longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum actively sequesters calcium ion in the presence of magnesium and adenosine triphosphate in a fashion previously described for microsomes of the rabbit aorta. This activity in guinea pig ileum appears to be associated primarily with the plasma membrane as is found in the red cell. By contrast the uptake of calcium in aortic smooth muscle appears to be associated to an appreciable extent with intracellular membranes, possibly analogous to the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle. 相似文献
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Several cell lines that were derived from primates and inoculated with virus originally obtained from a spontaneous mammary carcinoma showed cytopathic effects characterized by multinucleation. These cytopathic effects appeared as early as 24 holurs after inoculation. Multinucleated cells contained virus particles characteristic of the original virus isolate. 相似文献
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Hongjie Wang Qinghua Liu Xuezheng Shi Dongsheng Yu Yongcun Zhao Weixia Sun Jeremy Landon Darilek 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2007,1(2):149-154
Carbon storage in agricultural soils plays a key role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycles. Paddy soil is one of the major
cultivated soil types in China and is of critical significance in studies on soil carbon sequestration. This paper estimated
the organic and inorganic carbon density and storage in paddy soils, and analyzed the paddy soil stock spatial distribution
patterns in China based on subgroups and regions using the newly compiled 1:1 000 000 digital soil map of China as well as
data from 1 490 paddy soil profiles. Results showed that paddy soils in China cover an area of about 45.69 Mhm2, accounting for 4.92% of total soil area in China. Soil organic and inorganic carbon densities of paddy soils in China showed
a great heterogeneity. Paddy soil organic carbon densities (SOCD) in soil profile ranged from 0.53 to 446.2 kg/m2 (0 to 100 cm) while the paddy soil inorganic carbon densities (SICD) ranged from 0.05 to 90.03 kg/m2. Soil organic carbon densities of paddy soils in surface layer ranged from 0.17 to 55.38 kg/m2 (0 to 20 cm), with SICD of paddy soils ranging from 0.01 to 21.85 kg/m2. Profile based and surface layer based paddy soil carbon storages (SCS) are 5.39 Pg and 1.79 Pg, respectively. Paddy soil
organic carbon storage (SOCS) accounts for 95% of the total carbon storage. Profile based and surface layer based SOCS of
paddy soils are 5.09 Pg and 1.72 Pg, respectively. Soil inorganic carbon storage (SICS) of paddy soils accounts for 5% of
the total carbon storage in China. Profile based and surface layer based paddy SICS are 0.30 Pg and 0.07 Pg respectively.
Among all the eight paddy soil subgroups, hydromorphic, submergenic and percogenic paddy soils account for 85.2% of the total
paddy soil areas all over China. Consequently, profile based carbon storages of these three subgroups account for 78.1% of
the total profile based paddy SCS in China. Most paddy soils in China are distributed in the East-China, South-China and South-west
China regions, therefore, 92.6% of China’s profile based paddy SCS focuses on these three regions. The estimates of soil carbon
stocks in paddy soils will help to identify areas or soil subgroups which are of particular interest for soil carbon gains
and losses.
Translated from Ecology and Environment, 2006, 15(4): 659–664 [译自: 生态环境] 相似文献
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