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Reducing copper use in the environment: the use of larixol and larixyl acetate to treat downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola in viticulture 
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Nyangaga Julius N. Grace Delia Kimani Violet Kiragu Monica W. Langat Alfred K. Mbugua Gabriel Mitoko Grace Kang&#;ethe Erastus K. 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):47-51
A study was undertaken to investigate and mitigate the risk from zoonotic Cryptosporidium associated with dairy farming in Dagoretti division, Nairobi, Kenya. Outcome mapping (OM), a relatively new tool for planning and evaluation, was used to foster and then monitor changes in farmer management of health risks. Elements of the OM framework, including the vision, mission and expected progress markers, were developed in participatory sessions and a set of progress markers was used for monitoring behaviour change in farmers participating in the project (the boundary partners). Behaviour change (the outcome challenge) was supported by a range of awareness and educational campaigns, working with strategic partners (extension agents and administrative leaders). The farmers the project worked with made considerable progress according to the markers; they demonstrated an understanding of cryptosporidiosis, established or maintained clean and well drained cattle sheds, and took conscious effort to reduce possible infection. Farmers who did not participate in the project (non-contact farmers) were found to be less advanced on the progress marker indicators. Non-contact farmers who carried out risk-reducing practices had done so independently of the project team. The administration leaders, as strategic partners, had a positive attitude towards the project and confidence in their ability to support project objectives. The study demonstrates the utility of OM in helping to identify and support behavioural change. 相似文献
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JN Nyangaga D Grace V Kimani MW Kiragu AK Langat G Mbugua G Mitoko EK Kang'ethe 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(Z1):47-51
A study was undertaken to investigate and mitigate the risk from zoonotic Cryptosporidium associated with dairy farming in Dagoretti division, Nairobi, Kenya. Outcome mapping (OM), a relatively new tool for planning and evaluation, was used to foster and then monitor changes in farmer management of health risks. Elements of the OM framework, including the vision, mission and expected progress markers, were developed in participatory sessions and a set of progress markers was used for monitoring behaviour change in farmers participating in the project (the boundary partners). Behaviour change (the outcome challenge) was supported by a range of awareness and educational campaigns, working with strategic partners (extension agents and administrative leaders). The farmers the project worked with made considerable progress according to the markers; they demonstrated an understanding of cryptosporidiosis, established or maintained clean and well drained cattle sheds, and took conscious effort to reduce possible infection. Farmers who did not participate in the project (non-contact farmers) were found to be less advanced on the progress marker indicators. Non-contact farmers who carried out risk-reducing practices had done so independently of the project team. The administration leaders, as strategic partners, had a positive attitude towards the project and confidence in their ability to support project objectives. The study demonstrates the utility of OM in helping to identify and support behavioural change. 相似文献
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Management and control of surface irrigation, in particular furrow irrigation, is limited by spatio-temporal soil infiltration
variability as well as the high cost and time associated with collecting intensive field data for estimation of the infiltration
characteristics. Recent work has proposed scaling the commonly used infiltration function by using a model infiltration curve
and a single advance point for every other furrow in an irrigation event. Scaling factors were calculated for a series of
furrows at two sites and at four points down the length of the field (0.25 L, 0.5 L, 0.75 L and L). Differences in the value of the scaling factor with distance were found to be a function of the shape of the advance curves.
It is concluded that use of points early in the advance results in a substantial loss of accuracy and should be avoided. The
scaling factor was also strongly correlated with the furrow-wetted perimeter suggesting that the scaling is an appropriate
way of both predicting and accommodating the effect of the hydraulic variability. 相似文献
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Commercial performance evaluations of surface irrigation are commonly conducted using infiltration functions obtained at a
single inflow rate. However, evaluations of alternative irrigation management (e.g. flow rate, cut-off strategy) and design
(e.g. field length) options using simulation models often rely on this single measured infiltration function, raising concerns
over the accuracy of the predicted performance improvements. Measured field data obtained from 12 combinations of inflow rate
and slope over two irrigations were used to investigate the accuracy of simulated surface irrigation performance due to changes
in the infiltration. Substantial errors in performance prediction were identified due to (a) infiltration differences at various
inflow rates and slopes and (b) the method of specifying the irrigation cut-off. Where the irrigation cut-off at various inflow
rates was specified as a fixed time identified from simulations using the infiltration measured at a single inflow rate, then
the predicted application efficiency was generally well correlated with the application efficiency measured under field conditions
at the various inflow rates. However, the predictions of distribution uniformity (DU) were poor. Conversely, specifying the
irrigation cut-off as a function of water advance distance resulted in adequate predictions of DU but poor predictions of
application efficiency. Adjusting the infiltration function for the change in wetted perimeter at different inflow rates improved
the accuracy of the performance predictions and substantially reduced the error in performance prediction associated with
the cut-off recommendation strategy. 相似文献
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