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MAYUMI L. ARIMITSU JOHN F. PIATT MICHAEL A. LITZOW ALISA A. ABOOKIRE MARC D. ROMANO and MARTIN D. ROBARDS 《Fisheries Oceanography》2008,17(2):137-146
Pacific capelin (Mallotus villosus) populations declined dramatically in the Northeastern Pacific following ocean warming after the regime shift of 1977, but little is known about the cause of the decline or the functional relationships between capelin and their environment. We assessed the distribution and abundance of spawning, non‐spawning adult and larval capelin in Glacier Bay, an estuarine fjord system in southeastern Alaska. We used principal components analysis to analyze midwater trawl and beach seine data collected between 1999 and 2004 with respect to oceanographic data and other measures of physical habitat including proximity to tidewater glaciers and potential spawning habitat. Both spawning and non‐spawning adult Pacific capelin were more likely to occur in areas closest to tidewater glaciers, and those areas were distinguished by lower temperature, higher turbidity, higher dissolved oxygen and lower chlorophyll a levels when compared with other areas of the bay. The distribution of larval Pacific capelin was not sensitive to glacial influence. Pre‐spawning females collected farther from tidewater glaciers were at a lower maturity state than those sampled closer to tidewater glaciers, and the geographic variation in the onset of spawning is likely the result of differences in the marine habitat among sub‐areas of Glacier Bay. Proximity to cold water in Glacier Bay may have provided a refuge for capelin during the recent warm years in the Gulf of Alaska. 相似文献
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MARC R. RAFFE dvm ms Diplomateacva STEPHEN I. BISTNER dvm Diplomateacvo ANTHONY J. CRIMI JON RUFF 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(1):139-141
The use of retrobulbar block in conjunction with general anesthesia was evaluated in the horse. A prospective study of 12 cases fulfilling criteria for application of retrobulbar block was compared to a retrospective survey of 25 cases (control group) in which retrobulbar block was not performed. Retrobulbar block was done using a modified Peterson technique and 2% lidocaine HCI without epinephrine. In the control group, four horses exhibited signs compatible with initiation of the oculocardiac reflex; three horses developed bradyarrhythmias and hypotension during global traction related to enucleation, and cardiac arrest occurred in one horse during cataract extraction. In the retrobulbar block group, one horse developed bradyarrhythmia subsequent to retrobulbar block. 相似文献
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Serge MORAND Frédéric BORDES Hsuan‐Wien CHEN Julien CLAUDE Jean‐François COSSON Maxime GALAN Gábor Á CZIRJÁK Alex D GREENWOOD Alice LATINNE Johan MICHAUX Alexis RIBAS 《Integrative zoology》2015,10(5):409-423
We summarize the current knowledge on parasitism‐related invasion processes of the globally invasive Rattus lineages, originating from Asia, and how these invasions have impacted the local epidemiology of rodent‐borne diseases. Parasites play an important role in the invasion processes and successes of their hosts through multiple biological mechanisms such as “parasite release,” “immunocompetence advantage,” “biotic resistance” and “novel weapon.” Parasites may also greatly increase the impact of invasions by spillover of parasites and other pathogens, introduced with invasive hosts, into new hosts, potentially leading to novel emerging diseases. Another potential impact is the ability of the invader to amplify local parasites by spillback. In both cases, local fauna and humans may be exposed to new health risks, which may decrease biodiversity and potentially cause increases in human morbidity and mortality. Here we review the current knowledge on these processes and propose some research priorities. 相似文献
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Rodents are recognized reservoir hosts for many human zoonotic pathogens. The current trends resulting from anthropocene defaunation suggest that in the future they, along with other small mammals, are likely to become the dominant mammals in almost all human‐modified environments. Recent intricate studies on bat‐borne emerging diseases have highlighted that many gaps exist in our understanding of the zoonotic transmission of rodent‐borne pathogens. This has emphasized the need for scientists interested in rodent‐borne diseases to integrate rodent ecology into their analysis of rodent‐borne pathogen transmission in order to identify in more detail the mechanisms of spillover and chains of transmission. Further studies are required to better understand the true impact of rodent abundance and the importance of pathogen sharing and circulation in multi‐host– multi‐pathogen communities. We also need to explore in more depth the roles of generalist and abundant species as the potential links between pathogen‐sharing, co‐infections and disease transmission. 相似文献
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MARIE DE SWARTE KATE ALEXANDER BENOIT RANNOU MARC‐ANDRE D'ANJOU LAURENT BLOND GUY BEAUCHAMP 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2011,52(4):451-456
The differentiation of benign vs. neoplastic lymph nodes impacts patient management. Specific sonographic features are typically considered when assessing lymph nodes in dogs. However, the usefulness of these criteria in distinguishing benign vs. malignant lymph nodes remains largely unknown, especially for deep lymph nodes. Our aim was to compare sonographic features in benign and neoplastic deep lymph nodes with the hope of identifying predictive criteria. Thirty‐one deep lymph nodes (16 mesenteric, 10 medial iliac, three hepatic, one sternal, and one cranial mediastinal) in 31 dogs were examined prospectively with B‐mode and Color flow Doppler. Lymph nodes were aspirated using ultrasound‐guidance and final diagnosis were established based on cytologic and/or histopathologic interpretation. Prevalence of each sonographic feature and combinations of two features was calculated for each group and compared using a χ2‐test or Student's t‐test for unequal variances. Ten lymph nodes were benign (hyperplastic and/or inflammatory) and 21 were neoplastic. All were hypoechoic, except for one neoplastic lymph node. Maximal short‐axis diameter (P=0.0006) and long‐axis diameter (P=0.01), and SA/LA ratio (P=0.008) were increased significantly for neoplastic (2.8, 5.5 cm, and 0.50, respectively) vs. benign (1.2, 3.8 cm, and 0.34, respectively) lymph nodes. The prevalence of other features was similar between groups. Doppler evaluation was possible in 77% of lymph nodes, but there was no significant difference between groups. When any two ultrasound features were combined, the only difference between benign and neoplastic lymph nodes was for the combination of contour regularity and appearance of the perinodal fat (P=0.03). 相似文献
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A Modified Cloward''s Technique for Arthrodesis of the Normal Metacarpophalangeal Joint in the Horse
GREGORY R. CRAWLEY DVM MS BARRIE D. GRANT DVM MS DipiomateACVs KARL K. WHITE DVM DipiomateACVs DAVID D. BARBEE DVM MS DiplomateACVR ANTHONY M. GALLINA DVM PhD MARC H. RATZLAFF DVM PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(3):117-127
A modified Cloward's technique was performed for arthrodesis of one metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint in eight horses. Dorsal arthrotomies were performed medial and lateral to the common digital extensor tendon and two 16 mm holes were drilled through the joint. A perforated cylindrical stainless steel basket filled with cancellous bone was impacted into each hole. The limbs were supported in casts for 8 weeks. The joints were examined and radiographed at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 6 months, and 10 months. One horse was euthanatized at week 14 to assess the progress of the arthrodesis. In the other seven horses, there was clinical fusion at month 6. Dynamographic evaluations were performed 11 months after surgery at the walk and trot. The maximum vertical forces exerted during weight bearing by treated and control limbs were compared. No difference was detected at the walk; however, a significant difference was present at the trot (p less than 0.05). It was calculated that at the trot the horses placed 90% as much force on the treated limb as on the control limb. Eleven months after surgery, the baskets contained compact and cancellous bone. Ingrowth of bone occurred through all openings, completely filling the baskets and fusing the joints. 相似文献
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PAMELA C. WAGNER M.S. D.V.M. GEORGE W. BAGBY M.D. § BARRIE D. GRANT D.V.M. M.S. ANTHONY GALLINA D.V.M. PH.D. † MARC RATZLAFF D.V.M. PH.D. ‡ RON SANDE D.V.M. PH.D. 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1979,8(1):7-12
The Cloward technique for intervertebral fusion was utilized on 12 horses ranging from 3 months to 2 years of age. Of the 12 horses, 9 had been diagnosed as having equine cervical vertebral malformation (CVM) or "wobbles," and 3 were normal controls. A large hole was drilled from the ventral border of the vertebral bodies spanning the intervertebral disc and the vertebral end plates of the 2 articulating vertebrae. Frozen homologous bone dowels of slightly larger diameter from equine cadaver ilia were inserted in the holes. No adverse postoperative complication arose. Clinical improvement was seen in all horses with CVM. Three months postoperatively, partial or complete fusion was evident radiographically in 11 of the 12 horses. Necropsies were performed 3–6 months postoperatively to evaluate the quality of the fusion. Cadaver manipulation demonstrated reduced intervertebral movement at the operative site in all cases. The articulations of the equine cervical spine can be operatively fused by the Cloward technique, and surgically induced trauma is minimal. This technique can be used for stabilizing subluxations and may be applicable for treating fractures and osteolytic processes that have weakened vertebrae. 相似文献
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ANNE CAROLE DUCONSEILLE ARNAUD LOUVET PATRICK LAZARD SUZY VALENTIN MARC MOLHO 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2010,51(1):52-56
Retrocaval ureter and transposition of the caudal vena cava are each, rare developmental anomalies. We describe the usefulness of static fluid magnetic resonance urography and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance urography in the diagnosis of these anomalies. Basic techniques, benefits, and drawbacks of magnetic resonance urography are presented. 相似文献
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QUN ZHAO SUNBOK LEE MARC KENT SCOTT SCHATZBERG SIMON PLATT 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2010,51(2):122-129
We evaluated dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) in canine brain tumors. Magnetic resonance data sets were collected on seven canine intracranial tumors with a 3 T magnet using a T1‐weighted fast spin echo fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence after an IV bolus injection (0.2 mmol/kg) of Gd‐DTPA. The tumors were confirmed histopathologically as adenocarcinoma (n=1), ependymoma (n=1), meningioma (n=3), oligodendroglioma (n=1), and pituitary macroadenoma (n=1) The data were analyzed using a two‐compartment pharmacokinetic model for estimation of three enhancement parameters, ER (rate of enhancement), Kel (rate of elimination), and Kep (rate constant), and a model‐free phenomenologic parameter initial area under the Gd concentration curve (IAUGC) defined over the first 90 s postenhancement. Pearson's correlations were calculated between parameters of the two methods. The IAUGC has a relatively strong association with the rate of enhancement ER, with r ranges from 0.4 to 0.9, but it was weakly associated with Kep and Kel. To determine whether any two tumors differed significantly, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used. The results showed that there were statistical differences (P<0.05) between distributions of the enhancement pattern of each tumor. These kinetic parameters may characterize the perfusion and vascular permeability of the tumors and the IAUGC may reflect blood flow, vascular permeability, and the fraction of interstitial space. The kinetic parameters and the IAUGC derived from DCE‐MRI present complementary information and they may be appropriate to noninvasively differentiate canine brain tumors although a larger prospective study is necessary. 相似文献