Fertility of dairy cows in Northern Ireland     

Mayne CS  McCoy MA  Lennox SD  Mackey DR  Verner M  Catney DC  McCaughey WJ  Wylie AR  Kennedy BW  Gordon FJ 《The Veterinary record》2002,150(23):707-713

A comprehensive database was established on the milk production and reproductive performance of dairy cows in 19 selected herds in Northern Ireland, varying in size, management system and genetic merit. Data were obtained for 2471 cows, 1775 of which calved in a second year, and 693 were culled from the herd for specific reasons. The estimated mean rate of heat detection (assessed by the interheat interval during the main breeding season) in all the herds was 71 per cent, with a range from 53 to 92 per cent The average conception rate to first insemination was 37.1 per cent (range 21 to 66 per cent). The average calving interval for the retained cows was 407.2 days (range 359 to 448 days). Twenty-eight per cent of the cows that calved were culled, with infertility being the largest single reason (26.8 per cent of the cows culled). There were major differences in reproductive performance between the herds, but heat detection rate, conception rate and calving interval did not appear to be affeded by a herd's genetic merit. The herds with shorter calving intervals were characterised by better heat detection efficiency (83 v 61 per cent, P<0.01), a shorter interval from calving to first insemination (74 v 97 days; P<0.05), a higher conception rate to first insemination (45 v 34 per cent, P>0.10) and a lower removal rate (23 v 37 per cent, P<0.01). Furthermore, the cows in these herds had lower body condition scores (BCS) in the dry period (3.0 v 3.3; P<0.05) but lost less body condition in early lactation (0.3 v 0.6 BCS units, P<0.05). These results show that dairy herd fertility in Northern Ireland is generally low and similar to that previously reported for England and the USA, but that in some herds changes in herd management practices improved the cows' fertility.  相似文献   

Assessing the representativeness of the wet tropics of Queensland world heritage property     

B. G. Mackey  H. A. Nix  J. A. Stein  S. E. Cork

  F. T. Bullen 《Biological conservation》1989,50(1-4):279-303

An assessment is made of the representativeness of the Wet Tropics World Heritage property of north-east Queensland, Australia. The relevance of this feature to the World Heritage criteria is discussed. Computer-based spatial data sets are used to provide a sample of the distribution of key environmental factors at both continental and regional scales. Numerical classification techniques are applied to generate environmental groups from pattens in the distribution of these environmental factors. An evaluation is presented of the representation of these groups within the World Heritage property, in the context of present and potential tropical forest cover.  相似文献   

Volatile emissions of navel oranges as predictors of freeze damage     

Obenland DM  Aung LH  Bridges DL  Mackey BE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(11):3367-3371

Volatile emissions of navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Washington) fruit were evaluated as a means for predicting and gauging freeze damage. The fruits were subjected to -5 or -7 degrees C treatments in a laboratory freezer for various time periods of 2-9.5 h and stored at 23 degrees C for 1, 2, or 7 days, after which time the emission of volatiles from the fruit was measured. Following the final day of volatile measurements the fruits were stored at 5 degrees C for an additional 2-3 weeks and then evaluated for fruit quality characteristics. Peel injury in the form of brown lesions, drying of the juice vesicles, a decline in acidity, and a loss of flavor were observed to occur as a result of freezing. Corresponding to the loss in fruit quality were large increases in the emissions of ethanol, ethyl butanoate, methyl hexanoate, and ethyl octanoate. With the exception of methyl hexanoate, for which volatile emissions decreased during storage for 7 days at 23 degrees C, all of the other volatiles were relatively unchanged in amount by storage. Treatment at -7 degrees C caused greater injury, quality loss, and more volatile emanation than did freezing at -5 degrees C. The measurement of volatile emissions appears to be a useful approach to identify freeze-damaged navel oranges.  相似文献   

Joseph Oscar Wilhelm: 1899-1953     

Mackey WJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1954,119(3090):367

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Debilitation and mortality associated with besnoitiosis in four Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana)     

Ellis AE  Mackey E  Moore PA  Divers SJ  Hensel P  Carmichael KP  Accola P  Brown J  Gottdenker N  Keel MK  Shock BC  Yabsley MJ 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2012,43(2):367-374

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Effect of butorphanol administration on cardiovascular parameters in isoflurane-anesthetized horses - a retrospective clinical evaluation.     

Erik H Hofmeister  Elizabeth B Mackey  Cynthia M Trim 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2008,35(1):38-44

OBJECTIVE: To determine cardiovascular responses to administration of butorphanol in isoflurane-anesthetized horses. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective evaluation of anesthetic records. ANIMALS: Seventy-six horses anesthetized for a variety of clinical surgical procedures. METHODS: Anesthetic records of clinical equine patients anesthetized between January 1999 and December 2003 were searched. The records were reviewed for horses in which anesthesia was induced with ketamine and a benzodiazepine and maintained with isoflurane, and horses that received butorphanol intraoperatively. Exclusion criteria included horses in which the rate of infusion of an inotrope or end-tidal isoflurane concentration was changed 10 minutes before or after the butorphanol bolus. The horses were separated into two groups: group 1 horses received butorphanol at intervals as part of a balanced protocol, group 2 horses had > or = 10% increase in heart rate (HR) or blood pressure within 10 minutes prior to butorphanol administration. RESULTS: Eighty-nine butorphanol administration events matched the criteria for inclusion, 49 in group 1 and 40 in group 2. There were no significant changes after butorphanol administration in systolic arterial pressure (SAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and heart rate (HR) in group 1, or in end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration or hemoglobin oxygen saturation in either group. There were significant decreases in SAP (p < 0.0001), MAP (p < 0.0005), and DAP (p < 0.0008) after butorphanol administration in group 2. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results presented here confirm that butorphanol can be administered to horses during isoflurane anesthesia without adverse effects on HR and arterial blood pressure. The results imply that butorphanol can deepen the plane of anesthesia and obtund sympathetic stimulation from a surgical procedure.  相似文献   

Effect of cooking on microbiological flora of selected fresh,frozen and dehydrated potatoes     

Carmen E. Phillips  Andrea C. Mackey  Bruce A. Hauser 《American Journal of Potato Research》1966,43(9):315-322

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Erratum     

M. L. Magoon  R. W. Hougas  D. C. Cooper  J. M. Hartman  Andrea Mackey  Joy Stockman  Ora Smith  J. W. Scanneil 《American Journal of Potato Research》1958,35(6):554-554

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The cell division cycle: cell cycle clocks     

Mackey MC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4691):1221

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A pilot study of the effects of mechanical shortening of ewes' incisors (bite correction) on body weight and the development of periodontal disease     

Orr MB  Mackey D  McNally K 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1991,39(3):108-110

A field trial was set up to determine the effects of mechanical shortening of long incisors (bite correction) of ewes with early periodontal disease on the progress of the disease and on their body weights. On a farm near Te Anau with a high prevalence of periodontal disease in sheep, the body weights of 75 sound mouth ewes and two groups each of 75 ewes with periodontal disease were recorded. At the start of the trial, the incisors of the ewes in one of the groups with periodontal disease were shortened using a grinder. The trial ran for 2 years. The mouths of almost all the sheep which had sound mouths at the start of the trial remained sound throughout. This suggests that on periodontal disease-prone farms it may be possible to select ewes at 3 or 4 years of age which will retain sound mouths throughout much of thei-r productive lives. Throughout the trial, sheep with advanced periodontal disease tended to be lighter than sheep with mild periodontal disease and those in turn tended to be lighter than sheep with sound mouths. Mechanical shortening of the incisors did not alter the proportion which subsequently developed advanced periodontal disease. Seventeen to eighteen percent of ewes in both periodontal disease groups had developed advanced periodontal disease by the end of the trial. There was no significant difference in body weight between the group with shortened incisors and the group with untreated periodontal disease. Consequently, the trial provides no evidence that the mechanical shortening of the incisors of ewes will improve their productivity.  相似文献