Tuberculosis in wild seals and characterisation of the seal bacillus   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

DV COUSINS  SN WILLIAMS  R. REUTER†  D. FORSHAW†  B. CHADWICK§  D. COUGHRAN¶  P. COLLINS#  N. GALES 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(3):92-97

SUMMARY Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 3 otariid seals found dead on beaches at 3 locations on the south coast of Western Australian between May 1990 and March 1991. This confirms that tuberculosis is present in the 2 native seals (Neophoca cinerea and Arctocephalus forsteri) in Western Australian waters. Mycobacterium sp isolated from the lungs of 2 of the seals were studied to determine the similarity of the strains to each other, to the strains isolated during 1986 from Australian sea lions and New Zealand fur seals kept in captivity at a marine park near Perth, Western Australia, and to a strain isolated in 1988 from a seal trainer who worked with the infected captive seals for 3 years. After restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) with the endonucleases Bst Ell, Bcl I and Pvu II, one of the wild seal strains appeared to have identical DNA fragment patterns to the strains from the captive seals and the seal trainer. The other wild seal isolate had identical REA profiles using Bst EII and Bcl I, but a minor difference was detected using Pvu II. Differences in these isolates were more clearly seen in restriction fragment length polymorphisms after hybridisation with two DNA probes. The secretory protein MPB70, present in M bovis, was not detected in wild seal isolates using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting techniques. Analysis of protein and DNA fragment profiles indicated that seal tuberculosis isolates form a unique cluster within the M tuberculosis complex.  相似文献   

Endometrial Oxytocin Receptor Concentration and Activity in Prepubertal Ewe Lambs     

GE Lamming  M Hunter  DV Scholey  GE Mann 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(2):123-125

We have measured endometrial oxytocin receptor concentrations during prepuberty in ewe lambs, and have investigated the effect of progesterone on the activity of these receptors. In the first study, oxytocin receptor concentrations were undetectable in 2-week prenatal lambs but had increased immediately following birth and were then maintained throughout prepubertal life. Despite the presence of oxytocin receptors animals showed no prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) release in response to exogenous oxytocin challenge at either 3 or 5 months of age. In a second study in 4-month-old ewe lambs treatment with exogenous progesterone resulted in the appearance of PGF(2alpha) release in response to oxytocin after 10 days of treatment. Thus, during the prepubertal life, ewe lambs possess the prerequisites of a luteolytic mechanism in that they have a dormant population of oxytocin receptors in which progesterone can induce oxytocin-stimulated PGF(2alpha) release.  相似文献   

Effect of metoclopramide on gastro-esophageal reflux in anesthetized dogs     

DV Wilson  AT Evans  W. Mauer 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2005,32(4):4-4

Administration of morphine before anesthesia leads to gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) in over 50% of dogs during the subsequent anesthetic. This GER is clinically silent but can lead to aspiration pneumonitis, esophagitis and esophageal stricture. In this prospective clinical study we aimed to determine the effect of metoclopramide on gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) in dogs undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Dogs were admitted to the study if they were healthy, and had no history of vomiting or dysphagia. Dogs were fasted for an average of 18.2 ± 4.3 (mean ± SD) hours prior to induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia in all dogs included acepromazine, morphine, thiopental and isoflurane in oxygen. By random allocation, half the dogs received metoclopramide (M) as an IV bolus (0.4 mg kg^–1) and then infusion (0.3 mg kg^–1hour^–1), the others received equivalent volumes of saline (S). To measure esophageal pH a sensor-tipped catheter was placed with the tip 5–7 cm cranial to the lower esophageal sphincter, and connected to a computer for continual data collection. The pH of any fluid running from the mouth or nose was measured. Gastro-esophageal reflux was defined as a decrease in esophageal pH below 4 or an increase above 7.5. Fisher's Exact test was used to test significance of differences in incidence between groups. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were created for each outcome to assess the effects of risk factors on outcome. There were seven cases of GER in 16 dogs receiving M and 8/14 in those receiving S. There were no significant differences between M and S treated dogs in age, weight, duration of anesthesia and fasting, thiopental dose or incidence of vomiting. The administration of metoclopramide at this dose did not significantly reduce the incidence of GER in these anesthetized dogs.  相似文献   

A fatal cutaneous granuloma due to Entomophthora coronata in a mare   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H V Chauhan  G L Sharma  D S Kalra  F C Malhotra  M P Kapur 《The Veterinary record》1973,92(16):425-427

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Chemoprophylaxis ofTrypanosoma evansi infections in ponies     

B. S. Gill  M. N. Malhotra 《Tropical animal health and production》1971,3(4):199-202

Summary An investigation on the protection afforded to ponies, by quinapyramine suraminate and its constituents used singly, againstTrypanosoma evansi infections of low and high intensity was conducted. It was observed that full protection with the suraminate lasted for 61/2 to 231/2 months depending upon the dose of the drug and intensity of the test infection employed. Considerable partial protection was evident up to 38 months. Prophylaxis with suramin and quinapyramine extended up to 1 month and 11/2 months, respectively. The protection period was observed to be directly related to the dose of the suraminate employed and inversely with the intensity of the test infection. Infections breaking through prophylaxis were characterized by sub-microscopic and low-grade parasitaemia which was mostly detected by the rat-inoculation test only.

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Sumario Se ha hecho una investigación sobre la protección conferida por varias dosis de suramina, sales de quinapiramina y MSb en ponis contra infecciones simples deTrypanosoma evansi y suraminato de quinapiramina contra infecciones repetidas. La protección completa con suramina, quinapiramina y su prosal y MSb se extendía hasta 1, 11/2, 2 y 3 meses, respectivamente. La protección con suraminato de quinapiramina variaba de 61/2 a 261/2 meses contra el desafío ‘suave’ y 61/2 a 231/2 meses contra el desafío ‘fuerte’. La protección parcial, sin embargo, era aparente por periodos de hasta 38 meses. La profilaxis con suraminato de quinapiramina era directamente proporcional a la dosisintervalo de la droga usada y usualmente inversamente proporcional a la cantidad del desafío empleado. Las infecciones recurrentes fueron caracterizadas por por una parasitemia rara ó muy escasa. Algunas vecez las infecciones no eran detectadas por la prueba microscópica. Esta conducta atípica de las infecciones fue demostrada no ser debida a una disminuida virulencia de le parásito.

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Résumé Une étude à été faite sur la protection donnée aux chevaux par des doses variables de suramine, sels de quinapyramine et de MSb contre une infection unique parTrypanosoma evansi et par le suraminate de quinapyramine contre les infections répétées. Une protection complète par la suramine, la quinapyramine et son ‘prosalt’ et le MSb durait respectivement jusqu’ à 1, 11/2, 2 et 3 mois. La protection par le suraminate de quinapyramine contre l’épreuve légère variait de 6 mois et demi à 26 mois et demi et, contre l’épreuve sévère, de 6 mois et demi à 23 mois et demi. Une protection partielle a néanmoins été observée pendant des périodes allant jusqu’à 38 mois. La durée de la prophylaxie par le suraminate de quinapyramine était directement proportionnelle à la dose du médicament utilisée, habituellement inversement proportionnelle à la quantité des organismes utilisés pour l’épreuve. Les infections résultantes étaient caractérisées par un type de parasitémie rare et faible. Elles n’ont parfois pas du tout été révélées par l’examen microscopique. Il a été démontré que ce comportement atypique des infections n’était pas d? à une virulence diminuée du parasite.

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Babesiosis: clinical cases in Indian water buffaloes.     

S K Dwivedi  K P Mallick  M N Malhotra 《The Indian veterinary journal》1979,56(4):333-335

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Epididymo-orchitis caused by Brucella melitensis in breeding rams in India     

Chand P  Sadana JR  Malhotra AK 《The Veterinary record》2002,150(3):84-85

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Identification of immunoreactive polypeptides of Babesia equi parasite during immunization     

Kumar S  Malhotra DV  Nichani AK 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,107(4):295-301

This study was carried out to identify immunoreactive polypeptides in Babesia equi merozoite antigen. Three fractions of killed B. equi merozoite antigen viz.; whole merozoite (WM), cell membrane (CM) and high speed supernatant (HSS) antigens were prepared from the parasite infected erythrocytes. These antigenic preparations along with ghost antigen from non-infected erythrocytes were fractionated on 12% sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotted with sera showing high antibody titres. On SDS-PAGE, 16 polypeptides with molecular weight (Mr) in the range of 112-17kDa were obtained from the WM and CM antigens. But only six polypeptides were detected (96.5-28kDa) in the HSS antigen. On immunoblotting with high titred serum collected from donkeys following two immunizations with a killed B. equi merozoite immunogen, 11 polypeptides were observed in the WM and CM antigens (Mr 112-18kDa). Of these, four polypeptides (Mr 112, 45, 33 and 18kDa) were identified as most immunoreactive. Besides these, a 28kDa was observed as strong immunoreactive protein in WM and CM antigens. The HSS antigen showed only six polypeptides and one peptide (28kDa) was identified as immunoreactive. When high titred serum collected from immunized donkeys following challenge with B. equi infected blood and was used for immunoblotting, the protein profile of WM and CM antigens remained the same. However, three additional polypeptides (Mr 81, 54.5 and 39kDa) were detected in HSS antigen.  相似文献   

Development of Melampsora ciliata rust on nursery‐grown poplars in north‐western Himalayas     

R. C. Sharma  Y. Khan  S. Sharma  R. Malhotra 《Forest Pathology》2001,31(5):313-319

Development of leaf rust (Melampsora ciliata) in different species, hybrids and cultivars of poplar (Populus spp.) was studied in nursery‐grown plants. Five different criteria were used to assess the disease development. The mean disease index on 10 August was 9.4% which increased to 70.0% on 10 October. The lowest disease index (5.5%) was recorded in P. yunnanensis whereas the maximum was recorded in P. × euramericana‘Rubra‐Poiret’ (59.5%). The apparent infection rate per unit per day was highest in P. nigra × P. trichocarpa (9.7 × 10^–2) whereas the minimum occurred in P. maximowiczii × P. berolinensis‘Oxford’ (3.3 × 10^–2). The area under the disease progress curve was a maximum in P. × euramericana‘Rubra‐Poiret’ (26.7) and a minimum in P. yunnanensis (1.6). Complete defoliation by the first half of October occurred in P. nigra × P. trichocarpa, which also had the maximum apparent infection rate and area under the disease progress curve. Inoculum production was highest in P. nigra × P. trichocarpa and lowest in P. maximowiczii × P. berolinensis‘Oxford’.  相似文献   

Reciprocal recurrent selection for multitrait indices in maize     

A. S. Khehra  B. S. Dhillon  N. S. Nalhi  S. S. Pal  V. K. Saxena  V. V. Malhotra 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):817-822

Summary Reciprocal recurrent selection was carried out with two populations of maize (Zea mays L.) having good combining ability. We selected for higher grain yield, early maturity, shorter plant height and lodging resistance. Two cycles were completed in two years (four seasons), by resorting to late planting of S1 lines for recombination in the main season in which top-cross families were assessed. Top-crosses and selfings were made in the off-season. The original and improved versions of the populations and their crosses were evaluated in multilocation trials. The superiority of the population hybrid was 10.3% for grain yield, 5.5% for plant height and 1.8 days to silk. The improved hybrid had delayed leaf senescence and better resistance to lodging and post-flowering stalk rots. Among the yield components, only ear girth showed improvement. Syn 2 of the improved population cross showed a yield reduction of 6.2% in comparison to Syn 1. Intrapopulation gains were not significant except for lodging resistance in one population.  相似文献