Characterization of by-products of sunflower culture – commercial applications for stalks and heads     

V. Marechal  L. Rigal 《Industrial Crops and Products》1999,10(3):293-200

The by-products of sunflower production were characterized. The sunflower heads contain a strong smelling essential oil (EO) (0.2%) and pectins (22%). The galacturonic acid (GA.A.) content of the pectins depends on the extraction conditions (water-soluble pectins: 67%, soluble in ammonium oxalate/oxalic acid: 74%, in hydrochloric acid: 33%). They are all slightly methylated (degree of methylation (DM) <20%). The stalks may be readily separated into two parts: fiber (external part, 90%) and the pith (internal part, 10%). The mechanical properties of paper pulp obtained by thermomechanical treatment in a twin-screw extruder of the whole stalks or depithed stems were investigated. The pulps had high values of ring crush test (RCT) and concora medium test (CMT), which make them suitable for the manufacture of cardboard. Low-density materials can be also shaped with ground pith. The role of water-soluble substances in the cohesion of these materials is discussed. Its mechanical properties, which are comparable to those of polystyrene, were determined. They may find application in the packaging and packing industries.  相似文献   

Effects of partial dietary substitution of groundnut meal by defatted,Aspergillus niger–fermented and heated Jatropha curcas kernel meal on feed intake and growth performance of broiler chicks     

Nesseim  Thierry Daniel Tamsir  Benteboula  Moncef  Dieng  Abdoulaye  Mergeai  Guy  Marechal  Françoise  Hornick  Jean-Luc 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(6):1383-1391

Tropical Animal Health and Production - This study was conducted to determine intake and growth performance of broiler chicks fed with Jatropha curcas kernel meal physico-chemically and...  相似文献   

Difference in virulence between Staphylococcus aureus isolates causing gangrenous mastitis versus subclinical mastitis in a dairy sheep flock     

Eric Vautor  Joshua Cockfield  Caroline Le Marechal  Yves Le Loir  Marl��ne Chevalier  D. Ashley Robinson  Richard Thiery    Jodi Lindsay 《Veterinary research》2009,40(6)

Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy sheep ranges from subclinical mastitis to lethal gangrenous mastitis. Neither the S. aureus virulence factors nor the host-factors or the epidemiological events contributing to the different outcomes are known. In a field study in a dairy sheep farm over 21 months, 16 natural isolates of S. aureus were collected from six subclinical mastitis cases, one lethal gangrenous mastitis case, nasal carriage from eight ewes and one isolate from ambient air in the milking room. A genomic comparison of two strains, one responsible for subclinical mastitis and one for lethal gangrenous mastitis, was performed using multi-strain DNA microarrays. Multiple typing techniques (pulsed-field-gel-electrophoresis, multiple-locus variable-number, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, spa typing and sas typing) were used to characterise the remaining isolates and to follow the persistence of the gangrenous isolate in ewes’ nares. Our results showed that the two strains were genetically closely related and they shared 3 615 identical predicted open reading frames. However, the gangrenous mastitis isolate carried variant versions of several genes (sdrD, clfA-B, sasA, sasB, sasD, sasI and splE) and was missing fibrinogen binding protein B (fnbB) and a prophage. The typing results showed that this gangrenous strain emerged after the initial subclinical mastitis screening, but then persisted in the flock in the nares of four ewes. Although we cannot dismiss the role of host susceptibility in the clinical events in this flock, our data support the hypothesis that S. aureus populations had evolved in the sheep flock and that S. aureus genetic variations could have contributed to enhanced virulence.  相似文献   

Identifying risk factors for eggshell contamination by Bacillus cereus group bacteria in French laying farms     

A.Z. Kone  S. Jan  C. Le Marechal  N. Grosset  M. Gautier  J. Puterflam 《British poultry science》2013,54(3):298-305

1. The growth of Bacillus cereus group bacteria often limits the shelf-life of pasteurised liquid egg products and is also a putative toxin producer. This study was performed to better understand the route of contamination by B. cereus in egg products by studying the factors affecting eggshell contamination on-farm.

2. Eggs were collected in warm and cold seasons in 50 conventional laying farms in Western France. Egg surfaces were analysed for the presence of B. cereus group bacteria, environmental measurements were recorded and production practices were identified through a questionnaire filled out by the farmers.

3. A total of 44% of the farms were contaminated by mesophilic and 10% by psychrotrophic B. cereus group bacteria. No significant effect of the season was observed, whatever the thermal type. Several procedures were associated with reduced eggshell contamination by mesophilic bacteria, including the limitation of dust formation from manure and feeding and efficient disinfection of the silo, houses and the sanitary wall between houses.

4. The research highlights the need to promote prevention strategies, from farm to fork, for the control of eggshell and putative subsequent egg product contamination by B. cereus group bacteria.  相似文献