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1.
Marc Vandeputte Mathilde Dupont-Nivet Pierrick Haffray Hervé Chavanne Silvia Cenadelli Katia Parati Marie-Odile Vidal Alain Vergnet Béatrice Chatain 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,286(1-2):20-27
Selective breeding of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) receives a growing interest, as the estimated heritability of growth is medium to high. In this study, we compared the offspring of four groups of sea bass sires, mated with the same wild dams: wild (W), first generation of domestication (D), first generation of mass selection for length (M), first generation of PROSPER-like selection for length (P). The comparison was done both in replicated tanks (separate rearing) and in mixed tanks (mixed rearing) where sire origins were recovered by genotyping of eight microsatellite markers. Weight, length and growth rate were measured from day 238 post-fertilization (69 g mean weight) to day 611 post-fertilization (390 g mean weight). Both in mixed and separate tanks, both selected groups (P, M) were larger than unselected groups (W, D). No difference was seen at any time between W and D, nor between M and P. The selection response estimate on weight was larger in mixed tanks when compared to separate tanks (+ 42% in mixed tanks, + 23% in separate tanks at day 611), yielding realized heritability estimates of 0.60 and 0.34, respectively, and confirming the excellent potential of the species for growth improvement through selective breeding. Both selection response and the amplification effect between mixed and separate tanks decreased as rearing density increased. Our hypothesis is that selection response is magnified by competition in mixed tanks, while sub-optimal rearing conditions lower the observed selection response, more in separate tanks (where selected thus larger fish are at a higher density than unselected ones) than in mixed tanks (where all fish experience the same density effects). 相似文献
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Benoit-Biancamano MO Morin M Langlois I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2005,46(10):895-897
A 2-year-did ferret was referred with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The animal died despite insulin therapy and was submitted for necropsy. Light microscopic examination revealed a mild hepatic lipidosis and pancreatic lesions consisting of a diffuse vacuolation of the Langerhans' islet cells with a periodic acid-Schiff positive material compatible with glycogen. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT To develop mechanistic yield loss models for biotrophic fungi, we need better account for the export of dry matter, carbon, and nitrogen from the leaf into the spores. Three experiments in controlled environment chambers were performed to study the dynamics of uredospores production of Puccinia triticina on seedling leaves of wheat in relation to time, lesion density, and sporulating surface area. The detrimental effect of lesion density on the sporulation capacity of brown rust lesions was confirmed. When lesion density increased, spores production per lesion strongly decreased. However, our results showed that increasing lesion density also greatly reduces lesion size. A model was developed to summarize these relationships. Our main conclusion is that the density effect on spore production per lesion is accounted for by lesion size. When sporulation was related to the sporulating surface area, it became independent of density. As well, carbon and nitrogen contents of the spores were independent of lesion density. Our data suggest that when nitrogen available in the host is limiting, spore production is reduced but nitrogen content of spores tend to remain stable. 相似文献
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Hermine Huot Marie-Odile Simonnot Philippe Marion Jacques Yvon Philippe De Donato Jean-Louis Morel 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(3):555-568
Purpose
Technosols include soils dominated or strongly influenced by human-made materials. Similarly to natural soils, technogenic parent materials submitted to environmental factors undergo weathering and transformation processes. But the pedogenesis of Technosols remains little known. With this aim in view, a Technosol developing on purely technogenic materials resulting from an iron industry was thoroughly characterized in order to discuss the pedogenetic evolution of this Technosol using knowledge about the pedogenesis of natural soils.Materials and methods
The studied site was a former settling pond where mainly sludge generated by wet cleaning of blast furnace fumes was dumped probably until the mid-twentieth century. Thereafter, the pond has been colonized by vegetation and is covered by a diversified forest. The soil was composed of contrasted layers. A 20-cm organic layer has developed at the surface. Samples were collected in the first 2 m which are under root influence. Elemental composition, agronomic parameters, mineralogy, as well as the physical and hydraulic properties of the soil materials were characterized.Results and discussion
Some characteristics of the Technosol, e.g. elemental composition, mineralogy or profile stratification, resulted mainly from industrial processes. However, some properties of the Technosol can be compared with natural soils. Particularly, the presence of low periodic order minerals and physical and hydraulic properties were analogous to the properties of Andosols. However, alkaline pH and the carbonate contents made the Technosol closer to carbonated soils. Moreover, the presence of Mn oxides, high porosity and water retention were also encountered in Mn-bearing soils. Early pedogenic processes, e.g. development of organic surface layer and signs of mineral weathering, were observed. But transfers seemed to be rather limited and/or slow in the profile. However, the physical and chemical properties, e.g. high water retention and high pH, were rather favourable to element retention.Conclusions
The evolution of the Technosol seems to be still limited in the profile, which could be explained by the high retention capacity of the soil. The presence of highly reactive mineral phases, such as low periodic order Mn oxides or allophane-like minerals, with high contents of carbonates is rarely encountered in the natural environment and may suggest an important potential for pedogenic evolution, which could be directed by the balance between the weathering processes of these phases. 相似文献6.
Bruno Menu Stefano Peruzzi Alain Vergnet Marie-Odile Vidal & Béatrice Chatain 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(1):41-44
The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and effective method of sexing juvenile sea bass with minimum labour and material. To this end, the gonad squash mount technique was applied along with macroscopic techniques for sexing a large number of experimental fish at the age of 215–275 days post fertilization (p.f.). At this age, 90% of the 3894 fish could be unambiguously sexed by macroscopic examination of their gonads, whereas the remaining proportion was identified using squash mount preparations (10%). The accuracy of the observations was measured up to classical histology procedures. Undifferentiated fish accounted for 0.1% of the total population only. The application of the squash mount technique holds out the prospect of considerable improvement in the efficiency and rapidity of current sexing techniques in sea bass. 相似文献
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Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano Richard Drolet Sylvie D'Allaire 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(6):573-579
Epitheliogenesis imperfecta has been reported in several animal species, and its inheritance is suspected to be autosomal recessive. This term has been used to describe two different diseases, namely epidermolysis bullosa and aplasia cutis congenita, which are both grossly characterized by an absence of epidermis or mucosal epithelium and are most frequently reported on the distal limbs and oral cavity. Epitheliogenesis imperfecta has been described in swine, but the literature on the subject is scarce. To better characterize this condition, 70 piglets with congenital skin defects macroscopically compatible with epitheliogenesis imperfecta were examined. In all but 1 case, only 1 piglet per litter was affected. Of the affected piglets, 65 (93%) were male, suggesting a sex-related problem. More than half of the piglets had multiple skin lesions. All defects were located on the caudal half of the body, and none was found in the oral cavity. Most lesions were characterized by an absence of epidermis and part of the dermis and adnexae. Adnexal dysplasia was also observed at several sites, both with and without epitheliogenesis imperfecta, suggesting a developmental problem. Fluid-filled, congenital subcutaneous bullae were noted grossly on 7 piglets; their relationship, if any, with epitheliogenesis imperfecta remains unknown. As the term epitheliogenesis imperfecta has been used in cases of epidermolysis bullosa, the term aplasia cutis congenita seems to be more appropriate to describe these lesions in swine. 相似文献
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émilie L. Couture Isabelle Langlois Ariane Santamaria-Bouvier Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2015,56(12):1275-1278
A cutaneous mass was surgically excised in a 4-year-old African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). A squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed based on histopathological examination and local recurrence following excision is strongly suspected. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first well-documented report of a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in this species. 相似文献
10.
Christian Savard Fernando Alvarez Chantale Provost Younes Chorfi Sylvie D’Allaire Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano Carl A. Gagnon 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2016,80(1):1-11
Vaccination is a useful option to control infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and several modified live-PRRSV vaccines have been developed. These vaccines have shown some efficacy in reducing the incidence and severity of clinical disease as well as the duration of viremia and virus shedding but have failed to provide sterilizing immunity. The efficacy of modified live-virus (MLV) vaccines is greater against a homologous strain compared with heterologous PRRSV strains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Fostera PRRS MLV vaccine in protecting against challenge with a heterologous field strain widely circulating in the swine herds of eastern Canada. Forty-six piglets were divided into 4 groups: nonvaccinated-nonchallenged; nonvaccinated-challenged; vaccinated-challenged; and vaccinated-nonchallenged. The animals were vaccinated at 23 d of age with Fostera PRRS and challenged 23 d later with a heterologous field strain of PRRSV (FMV12-1425619). Overall, the vaccine showed some beneficial effects in the challenged animals by reducing the severity of clinical signs and the viral load. A significant difference between nonvaccinated and vaccinated animals was detected for some parameters starting 11 to 13 d after challenge, which suggested that the cell-mediated immune response or other delayed responses could be more important than pre-existing PRRSV antibodies in vaccinated animals within the context of protection against heterologous strains. 相似文献