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排序方式: 共有77条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Grain yield, and dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in durum wheat as affected by variety and seeding rate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The influence of crop density on the remobilization of dry matter and nitrogen from vegetative plant parts to the developing grain, was investigated in the durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties Creso, Simeto and Svevo cultivated in the field at three seeding rates, 200, 250 and 400 seeds m−2. Variety × seeding rate interaction was unsignificant for all recorded characters. Grain yield declined in the order Svevo > Simeto > Creso. Yield differences mainly depended on the different number of kernels per unit land and, secondly, on mean kernel weight. Spike components differed among varieties: Svevo and Simeto showed more kernels per spikelet and Creso more spikelets per spike. Grain yield was highest with 400 seeds m−2 primarily due to the higher number of spikes per unit area, and secondly, to the higher mean kernel weight. Post-heading dry matter accumulation was highest in Svevo and lowest in Creso, but varieties showed a reverse order for dry matter remobilization and contribution of dry matter remobilization to grain yield. The increase of seeding rate increased both the post-heading dry matter accumulation and the dry matter remobilization from vegetative plant parts to grain. Nitrogen uptake of the whole crop and N content of grain was higher in Simeto and Svevo than in Creso. The N concentration of grain did not vary among varieties, but Svevo showed a markedly lower N concentration and N content of culms at maturity, which may be consequence of the high N remobilization efficiency performed by this variety. The N uptake by the crop was highest with 400 seeds m−2, but the N concentration of culms, leaves and even grain was slightly lower than with the lower seed rates. The post-heading N accumulation was by far higher in Simeto and Svevo than in Creso, whereas remobilization was highest in Svevo and lowest in Simeto. The percentage contribution of N remobilization to grain N was by far higher in Creso than in the other two varieties. Post-heading N accumulation and N remobilization were highest with the highest plant density, but the contribution of N remobilization to N grain content did not differ between seeding rates. 相似文献
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N. Poirier S. Derenne J. Balesdent A. Mariotti D. Massiot & C. Largeau 《European Journal of Soil Science》2003,54(2):243-255
Recent studies have pointed to the occurrence in soil organic matter of an insoluble macromolecular fraction, resistant to drastic alkali and acid hydrolysis. This non-hydrolysable fraction may contribute to the stable carbon pool in the soil and thus be important for the global carbon budget. We have developed a method to isolate such chemically resistant components, whilst ensuring complete elimination of the hydrolysable constituents of the organic matter but avoiding the formation of insoluble compounds via Maillard-type condensation reactions. Maize leaves, material especially susceptible to artefact formation, were used for this optimization. Several of the treatments that we tested, including the Klason lignin protocol, proved unsuitable. The most suitable protocol, by progressive hydrolysis with trifluoroacetic and hydrochloric acid, revealed a non-hydrolysable fraction in maize leaves accounting for about 5% by weight of the leaves and corresponding chiefly to lignin and condensed tannins. The protocol was applied to a forest soil and to the soil from an adjacent plot cleared 35 years ago and since cropped continuously with maize. The abundance, chemical composition and sources of the non-hydrolysable fraction of these two soils were determined by a combination of spectroscopy, pyrolysis and electron microscopy. This fraction accounted for about 6% of the total organic carbon of both soils; it contains aliphatic moieties, black carbon, melanoidins and, we think, condensed tannins. 相似文献
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Paulo VM Steagall Ludovic Pelligand Tatiana Giordano Christophe Auberger John W Sear Stelio PL Luna Polly M Taylor 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(1):83-95
ObjectiveTo describe simultaneous pharmacokinetics (PK) and thermal antinociception after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) buprenorphine in cats.Study designRandomized, prospective, blinded, three period crossover experiment.AnimalsSix healthy adult cats weighing 4.1 ± 0.5 kg.MethodsBuprenorphine (0.02 mg kg?1) was administered IV, IM or SC. Thermal threshold (TT) testing and blood collection were conducted simultaneously at baseline and at predetermined time points up to 24 hours after administration. Buprenorphine plasma concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. TT was analyzed using anova (p < 0.05). A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model of the IV data was described using a model combining biophase equilibration and receptor association-dissociation kinetics.ResultsTT increased above baseline from 15 to 480 minutes and at 30 and 60 minutes after IV and IM administration, respectively (p < 0.05). Maximum increase in TT (mean ± SD) was 9.3 ± 4.9 °C at 60 minutes (IV), 4.6 ± 2.8 °C at 45 minutes (IM) and 1.9 ± 1.9 °C at 60 minutes (SC). TT was significantly higher at 15, 60, 120 and 180 minutes, and at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120 minutes after IV administration compared to IM and SC, respectively. IV and IM buprenorphine concentration-time data decreased curvilinearly. SC PK could not be modeled due to erratic absorption and disposition. IV buprenorphine disposition was similar to published data. The PK-PD model showed an onset delay mainly attributable to slow biophase equilibration (t1/2ke0 = 47.4 minutes) and receptor binding (kon = 0.011 mL ng?1 minute?1). Persistence of thermal antinociception was due to slow receptor dissociation (t1/2koff = 18.2 minutes).Conclusions and clinical relevanceIV and IM data followed classical disposition and elimination in most cats. Plasma concentrations after IV administration were associated with antinociceptive effect in a PK-PD model including negative hysteresis. At the doses administered, the IV route should be preferred over the IM and SC routes when buprenorphine is administered to cats. 相似文献
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Intercropping (IC) cereals and legumes could be an option for obtaining forage suitable for ensiling and enabling reduced N fertilization. Two experiments were performed in central Italy with durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor) grown for forage production in IC and as sole crops (SC) with different N rates (20 and 50 kg ha?1) and row ratios (1:1 and 2:1 cereal/legume). The aims were to assess (i) whether IC is a feasible option to reduce N fertilization; (ii) the best combination of practices to obtain forage suitable for ensiling; and (iii) competition/facilitation effects exerted by field bean on durum wheat. Results showed IC allowed fertilizer‐N reduction and led to improved forage yield with better quality, compared with SC. Land equivalent ratio indicated a high efficiency of the IC, by up to 26% with respect to SC. Field bean was the dominant species of IC, but N fertilization reduced its competitive ability and enhanced that of wheat. In the intercrop fertilized with 50 kg N ha?1, the proportion of the wheat in the herbage (0·34–0·41 of the total dry matter) was sufficient for ensiling of the forage mass. Field bean exerted both competition and facilitation effects on the cereal. N uptake of durum wheat was greater under IC with beans than as wheat SC. 相似文献
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N. Sinelli M.A. Pagani M. Lucisano M.G. D’Egidio M. Mariotti 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011,54(2):218-223
The feasibility of applying FT-NIR spectroscopy (a rapid and non-destructive method) to evaluate and predict semolina characteristics by means of spectra collected directly from the kernels was investigated. More than 500 samples of durum wheat grains and of the corresponding semolina, representative of the Italian production of 4 different crops (from 2002/2003 to 2005/2006) were analyzed. Pasta-making capability of each semolina sample was assessed by the reference methods, for protein, gluten content, gluten index and alveographic indices. The kernels were also evaluated by a FT-NIR spectrometer, fitted with an integration sphere working in diffuse reflectance. The processed spectra collected on the kernels were correlated with the chemical and rheological parameters obtained by the reference tests performed on semolina. The PLS algorithm was used to develop calibration models from the original spectra datasets. Protein content proved to be well correlated to kernel spectral data: high values for the RPD indicate efficient NIR reflectance predictions for protein content. The models obtained for gluten content, gluten index and alveographic W and P/L parameters were less successful. The results of this work highlighted the feasibility of applying FT-NIR spectroscopy to evaluate and predict the technological properties of semolina, in particular that of the protein content, by collecting the spectra directly from the kernels, without performing further grinding or milling operations. 相似文献
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