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1.
Four male buffaloes of 3 to years were subjected to heavy loads during hot dry conditions for 3 h continuously. Rectal temperature, respiration rate and heart rate increased significantly. The blood pH, PO2, increased significantly and PCO2 declined. During work, buffaloes were not able to eliminate heat produced and exhibited such distress symptoms as profuse salivation, frothing, lack of leg co-ordination, excitement and tongue protrusion. The muzzle secretion of buffaloes increased greatly. Even 3 h after discontinuation of work, the physiological reactions had not fully disappeared. 相似文献
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Economics,adoption determinants,and impacts of micro-irrigation technologies: empirical results from India 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Micro-irrigation technologies are promoted for various reasons in India. Despite the reported significant economic advantages,
and the concerted support of the government and NGOs, the current micro-irrigation area in India remains an insignificant
proportion of its potential. This paper analyzes: (1) the economics of alternative micro-irrigation technologies, (2) the
determinants of adoption, (3) the poverty outreach of the different micro-irrigation systems, and (4) the sustainability implications
of micro-irrigation adoption. In line with the findings of other studies, this study indicates that micro-irrigation technologies
result in a significant productivity and economic gains. The most important determinants of micro-irrigation adoption include
access to groundwater, cropping pattern, availability of cash, and level of education, the social status and poverty status
of the farmer. Contrary to the expectations, the majority of the current adopters of low-cost micro-irrigation systems are
the better-off farmers. The study indicates that the impact of micro-irrigation systems on the sustainability of groundwater
resources depends upon the magnitude of the overall productivity gain following the shift from traditional irrigation method
to micro-irrigation system, the pattern of use of the saved water, and the type and potential number of adopters.
This study was supported by the Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture (CA) and IWMI-TATA Water Policy
Program.
相似文献
| R. E. NamaraEmail: |
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Upadhyay A Chompoo J Kishimoto W Makise T Tawata S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(7):2857-2862
AIDS and influenza are viral pandemics and remain one of the leading causes of human deaths worldwide. The increasing resistance of these diseases to synthetic drugs demands the search for novel compounds from plant-based sources. In this regard, the leaves and rhizomes of Alpinia zerumbet, a traditionally important economic plant in Okinawa, were investigated for activity against HIV-1 integrase (IN) and neuraminidase (NA). The aqueous extracts of leaves and rhizomes had IN inhibitory activity with IC(50) values of 30 and 188 μg/mL, whereas against NA they showed 50% inhibition at concentrations of 43 and 57 μg/mL, respectively. 5,6-Dehydrokawain (DK), dihydro-5,6-dehydrokawain (DDK), and 8(17),12-labdadiene-15,16-dial (labdadiene) were isolated from the rhizomes and were tested for enzyme inhibitions. DK and DDK strongly inhibited IN with IC(50) of 4.4 and 3.6 μg/mL, respectively. Against NA, DK, DDK, and labdadiene exhibited mixed type of inhibition with respective IC(50) values of 25.5, 24.6, and 36.6 μM and K(i) values ranging from 0.3 to 2.8 μM. It was found that DDK is a slow and time-dependent reversible inhibitor of NA, probably with a methoxy group as its functionally active site. These results suggest that alpinia could be used as a source of bioactive compounds against IN and NA and that DK and DDK may have possibilities in the design of drugs against these viral diseases. 相似文献
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Some biochemical indices were assayed in goats naturally harbouring Fasciola gigantica infection and compared with uninfected control goats. Infected goats had significantly lower levels of serum glucose (47.6 +/- 1.8 mg dl-1) and albumin (3.1 +/- 0.1 g dl-1) and reduced albumin:globulin ratio (1.1 +/- 0.1). Total lipid (526.8 +/- 2.4 mg dl-1), serum glutamate dehydrogenase (15.3 +/- 0.9 iu litre-1) and serum alkaline phosphatase (31.6 +/- 1.9 Kind's and King's unit dl-1) were high in infected goats. No significant changes could be recorded in serum total protein, cholesterol and phospholipids. 相似文献
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S. Gyawali B. R. Sthapit B. Bhandari J. Bajracharya P. K. Shrestha M. P. Upadhyay D. I. Jarvis 《Euphytica》2010,176(1):59-78
Jethobudho is an aromatic rice landrace of the Pokhara valley in middle hills of Nepal. Although local consumers are willing to pay
a high price for its purchase, the landrace has a problem with quality variation. Decentralized participatory population improvement
for specific market-identified traits was conducted on “Jethobudho” populations collected from farmers’ fields in seven geographic regions of the valley in Nepal. The preferred post harvest
quality traits, field tolerance to blast and lodging, and superior post harvest quality traits of Jethobudho were established by a consumer market survey. These traits were used for screening the materials. 338 sub-populations of
Jethobudho were evaluated for yield, disease, lodging resistance, and post harvest quality traits. Significant variation was found for
culm strength, neck blast tolerance, awn characteristics, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test grain weight
and post harvest quality traits, whereas no significant variation was found in grain yield, plant height, tiller number, maturity
period and leaf blast. Based on these identified traits and micro-milling evaluations, 183 populations were screened in on-farm
and on-station nurseries, and in succeeding years populations were further screened by plant breeders and expert farmers in
research trials, resulting in the selection of 46 populations for post harvest quality traits. Six accessions with similar
agronomic traits, field tolerance to blast and lodging, and superior post harvest quality traits, were bulked and evaluated
on-farm using participatory variety selection (PVS). The enhanced Jethobudho accessions were also evaluated for aroma using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and found to have unique aromatic genetic constitution.
Community based seed production groups were formed, linked to the Nepal District Self Seed Sufficiency Programme (DISSPRO),
and trained to produce basic seeds (truthfully labeled) of Jethobudho. The National Seed Board of Nepal released the enhanced landrace in the name of “Pokhareli Jethobudho” in 2006, as the first bulk variety of traditional high quality aromatic rice improved through participatory plant breeding
to be formally released in Nepal for general cultivation under the national seed certification scheme. Landrace improvement
is shown as an important option for supporting programmes for in situ conservation of landraces on-farm. 相似文献
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Sanjay Kumar Sumit S Dagar Seyed H Ebrahimi Ravinder K Malik Ramesh C Upadhyay Anil K Puniya 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2015,(3):561-566
Direct-fed microbials(DFM), generally regarded as safe status, are successfully used in improving rumen ecology, gastro-intestinal health, feed efficiency, milk production and growth rate in ruminants. On the other hand, methanogenesis in rumen, which accounts for a significant loss of ruminant energy and increased greenhouse gas in environment, is of great concern, therefore, use of DFM for improving productivity without compromising the animal health and ecological sustainability is encouraged. The present study was conducted to investigate the methane reducing potential of bacteriocinogenic strain Pediococcus pentosaceus-34. Since, the culture showed no hemolysis on blood agar and DNase activity, hence, it was considered to be avirulent in nature, a prerequisite for any DFM. The culture also showed tolerance to pH 5.0 for 24 h with 0.5% organic acid mixture, whereas when given a shock for 2 h at different p H and organic acids concentrations, it showed growth at pH 3.0 and 4.0 with 0.1 and 1.0% organic acids, respectively, as having good animal probiotics attributes. The total gas production was significantly(P<0.05) higher in live pedicoccal culture(LPC) and dead pedicoccal culture(DPC) both with wheat straw, when compared to the control. In sugarcane bagasse, gas production was significantly lower(P<0.05) with LPC compared to the control and DPC both. Methane was reduced by the inclusion of LPC in sugarcane bagasse(0.07 mL CH4 mg–1 dry matter digestibility) with no effect on other rumen fermentation parameters. However, with wheat straw and LPC total gas, in vitro dry matter digestibility, total volatile fatty acids increased significantly but no reduction in methane production was observed in comparison to the control. Therefore, further research is warranted in this direction, if the bacteriocinogenic strains can be used as DFM for ruminants to improve the ruminant productivity. 相似文献
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Anna M. Johansson Maulik Upadhyay Erling Strandberg Susanne Eriksson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2020,69(1-2):39-46
ABSTRACTThe Swedish Mountain (Fjäll) cattle and the subpopulation Fjällnära originates from northern Sweden. They are differentiated from both traditional and commercial cattle from southern Sweden. We analysed data from the GGP HD150k SNP array and investigated genetic diversity and differences between Fjäll and Fjällnära, and between different groups of Fjällnära. We found that the Fjällnära can be divided into four groups, which are differentiated from each other and from the other Fjäll cattle. We also compared allele frequencies between different groups of Fjäll and Fjällnära for some of the functional SNPs included in the SNP array. Interestingly, the B allele of Beta lactoglobulin has a very high frequency (94%) in the Fjällnära cattle, which is significantly different from the frequency in the Fjäll cattle (60%). Comparing older samples of Fjäll cattle with more recent samples, we found a significant increase in the frequency of the B allele in Fjäll cattle. 相似文献
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Pot experiments were conducted in a glasshouse to determine the growth pattern of lettuce, true potato seedlings （TPS） and single node cuttings of TPS in response to biochar. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments （0, 10, 30, 50 and 100 t ha^-1） ofbiochar from greenwaste with 5 replications in lettuce, 10 in TPS and 5 in single node cuttings of TPS. The observations recorded on growth parameters showed that biochar had significant effect on growth of lettuce but no consistent effect on growth of TPS and single node cuttings. Among the biochar rates, 30 t ha^-1 had the greatest influence on overall growth of lettuce. The pH and electrical conductivity increased as the biochar rates increased in all experiments. These results provide an avenue for soil management system by using biochar as an amendment in horticultural crops. However, their verification in the field is important for specific recommendations. 相似文献