Use of space by bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) in a polish farm landscape     

Michŀ Kozakiewicz  Anna Kozakiewicz  Aleksy Łukowski  Tomasz Gortat 《Landscape Ecology》1993,8(1):19-24

Movements of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) were studied in a farmland mosaic in Poland. Distances crossed by animals in short-time periods are significantly longer in heterogenous than in homogenous habitats. In long-time and large-spatial scales, a significant portion of the animals in a population travel among habitat elements of the mosaic, reducing the degree of isolation of patch populations and decreasing the probability of local extinction.  相似文献   

Gastric ulcers in standardbred racehorses: prevalence,lesion description,and risk factors     

Dionne RM  Vrins A  Doucet MY  Paré J 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(2):218-222

This study was performed to estimate the prevalence of gastric ulcers in Standardbred racehorses, to describe the lesion score and location, and to identify potential risk factors. Two hundred seventy-five (275) Standardbred horses from 5 training centers and 2 racetracks in Quebec, Canada, were studied. Historical data for the 2 months before examination were recorded for each horse, and the presence of gastric ulcers was determined by gastroscopy. A previously reported scoring system that used grades 0-3 for gastric lesions was used. Overall, 121 horses (44.0%; 95% CI, 38.1-50.1%) had gastric ulcers. The prevalence of gastric ulcers was significantly higher (P < .0001) in actively racing horses (63.3%; 95% CI, 54.7-71.2%) than in horses at rest. Multivariate analysis defined that horses in racing (OR = 9.29; 95% CI, 3.55-24.3) were significantly more likely to have gastric ulcers than horses at rest and that trotters (OR = 2.23; 95% CI, 1.28-3.86) were more likely to have gastric ulcers than pacers. The number of lesion sites (P < .0001) and poor body condition (P < .0001) were significantly associated with lesion scores. Gastric ulcers are highly prevalent in Standardbred racehorses. Furthermore, actively racing horses and trotters are more likely to have gastric ulcers. Also, poor body condition in Standardbred racehorses may be an indication that gastric ulcers are present and that lesion scores are high. The cause-and-effect relationship between poor body condition and the presence of gastric ulcers is unclear.  相似文献   

Field efficacy of ivermectin plus praziquantel oral paste against naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematodes and cestodes of horses in North America and Europe     

Rehbein S  Holste JE  Doucet MY  Fenger C  Paul AJ  Reinemeyer CR  Smith LL  Yoon S  Marley SE 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2003,4(3):220-227

The efficacy of an oral formulation of ivermectin plus praziquantel in the reduction of nematode and cestode egg counts in horses was assessed in 273 horses under field conditions at 15 sites in North America (n = 6) and Europe (n = 9). Horses were confirmed by fecal examination to have natural infections of strongyles (100%) and tapeworms (76%). Replicates of four horses were formed at each site, and in each replicate three animals received ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg body weight) plus praziquantel (1 mg/kg body weight) oral paste and one animal remained untreated or received vehicle paste. Fecal samples were collected for fecal nematode and cestode egg counting before and 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, and 16 days after treatment. Horses treated with ivermectin plus praziquantel oral paste had significantly (P <.01) lower posttreatment strongylid and cestode egg counts (reductions of 98% or more) than controls. Combined site analyses revealed that 95% or 96% of the horses positive for cestode eggs before treatment that were treated with ivermectin plus praziquantel were negative for cestode eggs at each posttreatment fecal examination. No adverse reactions attributable to ivermectin plus praziquantel oral paste treatments were observed. The results of the studies demonstrated that ivermectin plus praziquantel paste was highly effective in reducing egg shedding by gastrointestinal nematodes and cestodes, and no adverse reactions were observed in horses treated under field conditions.  相似文献   

Pegasus joins the jet age     

PM ELLIS 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(7):476-477

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Attempted transmission of dermatophilosis in saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus)     

GN BUENVIAJE  PW LADDS  RG HIRST  PM SUMMERS  JM MILLAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(7):495-496

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The occurrence of equine arteritis virus in Australia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

PJ HUNTINGTON  AJ FORMAN†  PM ELLIS‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(12):432-435

This paper reports the first isolation of equine arteritis virus (EAV) in Australia and serological evidence of exposure to EAV in Australian horses. Twelve Standardbred stallions imported from North America were found to shed EAV in semen. One hundred and seven stallions were tested for serum antibodies to EAV and 73% of Standardbred stallions tested were seropositive as compared to 8% of Thoroughbred stallions. Serum antibody was detected in 71% of Standardbred mares, 6% of Standardbred racehorses and 1% of Thoroughbred mares and racehorses. Examination of stored serums demonstrated that EAV had been present in Australia since at least 1975.  相似文献   

Dietary transition stages based on eating patterns and diet quality among Haitians of Montreal, Canada     

Désilets MC  Rivard M  Shatenstein B  Delisle H 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(5):454-463

OBJECTIVES: To identify dietary transition stages based on dietary patterns of adult Haitians having lived in Montreal for various lengths of time, and to assess associated dietary quality. SUBJECTS: One hundred and eighty-one Haitians aged 25-60 years were recruited by the modified random digit dialling method. DESIGN: Socio-economic, diet and lifestyle variables were documented by questionnaire. Three non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted over a 3-month period. Dietary patterns were studied using cluster analysis, and their association with proportion of lifetime in Canada and with socio-economic status (SES) was examined. Diet quality criteria were micronutrient adequacy and healthfulness based on dietary recommendations of the World Health Organization. RESULTS: Four dietary phenotypes were identified which could roughly represent stages of dietary transition or acculturation (Traditional, Pre-Western, Western and Modern). Subjects in the 'Traditional' cluster were older and had lived for a significantly lower proportion of their lifetime in Canada; they also tended to be of lower SES. Diet quality was significantly higher in the 'Traditional' than the 'Western' type, particularly with respect to healthfulness. A significantly lower proportion of subjects complying with limited intake of total fat ( < 30%) and cholesterol ( < 45%) was observed in the 'Western' compared with other diet phenotypes. Less than 15% of all subjects consumed enough dietary fibre, irrespective of diet type. CONCLUSION: Dietary transition stages could be identified on the basis of food patterns of Haitians according to the proportion of their lifetime in Canada. Encouraging the youth to retain the traditional food culture in its positive aspects would appear relevant  相似文献   

Marennine,Promising Blue Pigments from a Widespread Haslea Diatom Species Complex     

Romain Gastineau  Fran?ois Turcotte  Jean-Bernard Pouvreau  Michèle Moran?ais  Jo?l Fleurence  Eko Windarto  Fiddy Semba Prasetiya  Sulastri Arsad  Pascal Jaouen  Mathieu Babin  Laurence Coiffard  Céline Couteau  Jean-Fran?ois Bardeau  Boris Jacquette  Vincent Leignel  Yann Hardivillier  Isabelle Marcotte  Nathalie Bourgougnon  Réjean Tremblay  Jean-Sébastien Deschênes  Hope Badawy  Pamela Pasetto  Nikolai Davidovich  Gert Hansen  Jens Dittmer  Jean-Luc Mouget 《Marine drugs》2014,12(6):3161-3189

In diatoms, the main photosynthetic pigments are chlorophylls a and c, fucoxanthin, diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin. The marine pennate diatom Haslea ostrearia has long been known for producing, in addition to these generic pigments, a water-soluble blue pigment, marennine. This pigment, responsible for the greening of oysters in western France, presents different biological activities: allelopathic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and growth-inhibiting. A method to extract and purify marennine has been developed, but its chemical structure could hitherto not be resolved. For decades, H. ostrearia was the only organism known to produce marennine, and can be found worldwide. Our knowledge about H. ostrearia-like diatom biodiversity has recently been extended with the discovery of several new species of blue diatoms, the recently described H. karadagensis, H. silbo sp. inedit. and H. provincialis sp. inedit. These blue diatoms produce different marennine-like pigments, which belong to the same chemical family and present similar biological activities. Aside from being a potential source of natural blue pigments, H. ostrearia-like diatoms thus present a commercial potential for aquaculture, cosmetics, food and health industries.  相似文献   

Oxidative stability of bovine serum albumin- and sodium caseinate-stabilized emulsions depends on metal availability     

Villiere A  Viau M  Bronnec I  Moreau N  Genot C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(5):1514-1520

Proteins often stabilize food emulsions and are also able to promote or delay lipid oxidation in complex systems. The purpose of this work was to investigate the relationship between metal ion availability and oxidative stability of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by bovine serum albumin (BSA) or sodium caseinate (NaCas). Emulsions with similar and stable droplet size distributions were prepared with stripped sunflower oil (30 vol %) and protein solutions (20 g L(-)(1); pH = 6.5). In the absence of the water-soluble metal chelator EDTA, oxygen uptake, conjugated dienes, and volatile compounds developed faster in NaCas-stabilized emulsions than in those prepared with BSA. This effect is attributed to the chelating properties of NaCas and to electrostatic interactions that attract some metal ions at the interface where they could initiate lipid oxidation. When EDTA (100 muM) was present, oxidation was delayed to a greater extent in emulsions made with NaCas than in BSA stabilized emulsions. These conditions probably enabled NaCas to exert free-radical-scavenging activity.  相似文献   

Structure of PTB bound to RNA: specific binding and implications for splicing regulation     

Oberstrass FC  Auweter SD  Erat M  Hargous Y  Henning A  Wenter P  Reymond L  Amir-Ahmady B  Pitsch S  Black DL  Allain FH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5743):2054-2057

The polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) is a 58-kilodalton RNA binding protein involved in multiple aspects of messenger RNA metabolism, including the repression of alternative exons. We have determined the solution structures of the four RNA binding domains (RBDs) of PTB, each bound to a CUCUCU oligonucleotide. Each RBD binds RNA with a different binding specificity. RBD3 and RBD4 interact, resulting in an antiparallel orientation of their bound RNAs. Thus, PTB will induce RNA looping when bound to two separated pyrimidine tracts within the same RNA. This leads to structural models for how PTB functions as an alternative-splicing repressor.  相似文献