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1.
ABSTRACT: The reproductive traits and the monthly larval abundance of the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria were investigated in Tokyo Bay, Japan, in 2002. The goal of the study was to elucidate the cause of changes in the monthly pattern of larval abundance from the 1980s to the 1990s as these changes relate to variation in the stock size of the adult shrimp. Oogenesis was divided into 10 stages by histological observation. The developmental stage of oocytes in an individual's ovary was synchronous, suggesting that almost all the oocytes in an ovary are spawned at the same time. The size at first maturity was estimated to be 7 ≤ body length ( BL ) < 8 cm. Fecundity was expressed as a function of BL , ranging from 19 300 eggs for 8 cm BL to 92 100 eggs for 14 cm BL . Small female shrimps (<10 cm BL ) spawned around August. Most large female shrimps (≥10 cm BL ) spawned around May, and some large female shrimps also spawned until September. Although most large female shrimps spawned in spring, the larval abundance was low before July and high from August onwards. The results suggest that a substantial decrease in the stock size of large individuals causes the low larval abundance before July. 相似文献
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Abstract. The serological relationships of five strains of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) were examined by cross-neutralization, cross-fluorescent antibody (FA) and cross-immunodiffusion (ID) tests. Few serological relationships among these strains were observed by the cross-neutralization test, which is consistent with previous studies. Some cross reactions were observed by the FA test when antisera were reacted with cells infected with heterologous strains of IPNV. However, close antigenic relationships were demonstrated among these strains of IPNV by using the ID test when antisera to each strain of IPNV were titrated with their respective or heterologous antigens. The results of the present study showed that substantial antigenic relationships exist among the strains of IPNV examined. It is suggested that strain specific antigens which can be detected by virus neutralization and FA tests might exist on the surface of the virion. The FA test proved to be a useful method for detecting viral antigens of several strains of IPNV in tissue culture cells since monovalent antiserum reacted with homologous and heterologous IPNV antigens. 相似文献
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SALAMIAH Hajime AKAMATSU Yukitaka FUKUMASA-NAKAI Hiroshi OTANI Motoichiro KODAMA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(2):97-105
The genetic controls of host-specific toxin (HST) biosynthesis and the pathogenicity of A. alternata pathogens have been limited by the asexual nature of the life cycle of these fungi. We used a protoplast fusion system for
A. alternata to analyze the genetics of HST production and its relation to the specific pathogenicity of these pathogens. Drug-resistant
transformants were isolated by genetic transformation, using vectors conferring resistance to hygromycin B and geneticin,
for the A. alternata apple pathotype (AM-toxin producer) and A. alternata tomato pathotype (AAL-toxin producer), respectively. Protoplasts of the respective transformants were fused by electrofusion.
The majority of resultant stable fusants produced both AM- and AAL-toxins and were pathogenic to susceptible cultivars of
both apple and tomato. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that these fusants (or hybrids) carried small
1.7-and 1.1-Mb chromosomes, characteristic of the parental strains of the apple and tomato pathotypes, respectively. Detection
of the AMT gene, involved in AM-toxin biosynthesis, by polymerase chain reaction revealed that all fusants pathogenic to apple maintained
this gene. Microfluorimetry analysis using propidium iodide staining suggested that the fusants might be diploid.
Received 14 November 2000/ Accepted in revised form 11 December 2000 相似文献
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MICHIO AOYAMA HIROHITO GOTO HITOMI KAMIYA IKUO KANEKO SATOSHI KAWAE HIROKI KODAMA YASUSHI KONISHI KENN-ICHI KUSUMOTO HISATO MIURA EIICHI MORIYAMA KIYOSHI MURAKAMI TOSHIYA NAKANO FUTOSHI NOZAKI DAISUKE SASANO TAKAO SHIMIZU HIROKI SUZUKI YASUSHI TAKATSUKI AKITO TORIYAMA 《Fisheries Oceanography》2008,17(3):206-218
Impact of climate change on marine biogeochemical parameters and ecosystem is one of the important issues of our environment. Direct evidence of marine pelagic ecosystem changes is found with warming of sea water and sea‐level rise in the main stream of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea and the western North Pacific during these three decades based on the analysis of long‐term comprehensive hydrographic observations. In terms of annual mean, the warming rate of surface air temperature and sea surface temperature ranged from 0.15 to 0.21°C per decade in and around the main stream of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea, which exceed the global mean warming rate of 0.128 ± 0.026°C per decade during the period from 1956 to 2005 reported in IPCC 2007. One of the features in this rapid warming region is an increase of number of Pterosagitta draco, a cosmopolitan warm‐water zooplankton. Biogeochemical parameters, such as wet weight of zooplankton, plant pigment and nutrients concentration in the upper 200 m have been decreasing while dissolved oxygen content and seawater temperature have been increasing in the upper 200 m in the main stream of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea. These observed linear trends of the biogeochemical parameters would be foresights for temperate oceans in the future. 相似文献
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Yasuhiro Hasegawa Takeshi Kawasaki Naoyuki Maeda Michi Yamada Naoki Takahashi Takafumi Watanabe Tomohito Iwasaki 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13517
Lipofuscin is one of the indicators of oxidative stress. To elucidate the role of oxidative stress in the development of wooden breast, this study investigates lipofuscin accumulation in various parts of wooden breast muscles. Sampling was performed using 46-day-old broiler chickens housed at a commercial Japanese poultry slaughterhouse. Fourteen wooden breast fillets and 13 normal breast fillets were collected in the deboning line. The samples used to measure shear force, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and for histological analysis were taken from the six portions of breast muscle fillets. In muscles affected by wooden breast, vacuolated muscle fibers were observed, and connective tissues appearing like perimysium were expanded with fibrosis. TBARS value and accumulation of lipofuscin were significantly higher in the wooden breast than in the normal breasts. A lot of lipofuscin granules were localized in the cytoplasm of collapsed muscle fibers of the wooden breast. The cranial portion of the wooden breast showed the highest shear force. The cranial position had a large amount of connective tissue and lipofuscin granules. The results of the present study strongly suggest that high oxidative stress, especially with a significant accumulation of lipofuscin, is associated with the development of wooden breasts. 相似文献
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Akemi YAMAMOTO Minoru ITOH Yoshikatsu KADOYA Hirokazu KANNO Michi YAMADA Shu FURUYA 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(4):301-304
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing a reduced crude protein (CP) diet with apple pomace on the urinary nitrogen excretion and ammonia emission from slurry in the growing pigs. Four barrows (35 kg bodyweight) were assigned to one of two diets. Each pig was placed in a metabolism cage and fed a low CP, amino acid-supplemented diet (CP 11.33%; low CP diet) or a low CP, amino acid-supplemented diet containing 23.08% dried apple pomace (CP 9.47%; apple pomace diet) for two 14-day experimental periods. After the completion of the first period, the pigs were switched to the other diet. Urine and feces were quantitatively collected daily for 5 days after a 9-day adaptation period. The daily nitrogen intake for the low CP diet and the apple pomace diet was 17.76 g/pig and 18.64 g/pig, respectively. The pigs fed the apple pomace diet excreted more fecal nitrogen (6.86 g/day) than the pigs fed the low CP diet (3.63 g/day) ( P < 0.001), but urinary nitrogen excretion with the apple pomace diet was 3.11 g/day, which was much lower than that for the low CP diet (5.95 g/day) ( P < 0.001). The daily ammonia emission from the mixture of urine and feces determined by an in vitro method was much lower for pigs fed the apple pomace diet (120 mg) than that for pigs fed the low CP diet (603 mg) ( P < 0.01). The addition of apple pomace to a reduced CP, amino acid-supplemented diet reduces urinary nitrogen excretion and thereby ammonia emission. 相似文献
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Leaf-resistance values sharply decreased after sunrise, remained low during daytime, and increased sharply toward sunset. This general pattern was modified by weather conditions and soil-water stress. On a cloudy day, leaf resistance remained low (3-5 s/cm) during daytime regardless of the soil-water regime. No increase in leaf resistance equivalent to “midday closure of stomates” was observed under flooded conditions on a sunny day. Under water stress and on a sunny day, leaf resistance began to increase in the morning or afternoon, depending on the degree of water stress. Both the light intensity at which the leaf photosyn-thetic rate reached light-saturation and the maximum value of the photosynthetic rate became lower as water stress became more severe. A simulation model revealed that crop photosynthesis was almost identical (17-18 g·m-2·day-l) for both water-stressed and well-watered crops on a cloudy day when solar radiation was 200 cal·cm-2day-l. On a sunny day, when solar radiation was 600 cal·cm-2day-l, however, crop photosynthesis under water stress reached its maximum at about 8 a.m., after which it declined with time and became almost zero after 12 noon. Under flooded conditions, diurnal changes in crop photosynthesis were similar to those of incident solar radiation. As a result, crop photosynthesis was about 33 g·cm-2day-l under flooded conditions and only about 10 g·cm-2day-l under water stress. Thus, crop photosynthesis under water stress was greater by 70% on a cloudy day than on a sunny day. This suggests that a partly shaded environment favors crop growth under water stress. 相似文献
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Kikumi OGIHARA Yuko NAYA Junichi KAMIE Shin HISAMATSU Michi KODAMA Yoshiharu ISHIKAWA Koichi KADOTA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(6):760
A cell line (PL38PB) was established from blood samples of a 6-month-old pig that was diagnosed with lymphoma with CD5 expression. Histopathological examination revealed neoplastic lesions in the spleen, liver and lymph nodes. Tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for CD20 and immunoglobulin heavy chains (μ, γ and α). Membranous CD5 and cytoplasmic Immunoglobulin M (IgM), Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) were detected in PL38PB cells by flow cytometry. In addition, the cytoplasm of PL38PB cells were positive for IgM, IgG and IgA by immunofluorescent. However, no Ig secretion was detected in culture supernatant by Ouchterlony gel diffusion method. Results suggest that PL38PB cells express three Ig isotypes that are produced but not secreted. 相似文献
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