Microbial balance index — A view on the intestinal microbiota     

Jussi Vaahtovuo  Mika Korkeamki  Eveliina Munukka  Pirkko Hmeenoja  Juhani Vuorenmaa 《Livestock Science》2007,109(1-3):174-178

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TGF-β and TNF-α stimulate MMP-9 production in murine epidermal keratinocytes     

Chie FUJISAWA  Noriko INADA  Rika MOCHIZUKI  Katsuhiko ARAI  Kohkichi UEHARA 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(3):223-229

Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP‐2 and ‐9) are zinc‐dependent metalloenzymes and have gelatin‐degrading activity. Both MMP are known to be secreted by many types of cells and play important roles in several biological changes including tissue remodeling and wound healing. In the present study, a primary culture of murine epidermal keratinocytes was prepared and effects of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) on expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 by the keratinocytes was examined. Gelatin zymography revealed that murine epidermal keratinocytes secreted proenzyme forms of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, but the active forms of both MMP were hardly detectable, indicating that in vitro autoactivation of these proenzymes did not occur. Both TGF‐β and TNF‐α stimulated MMP‐9 production in a dose‐dependent manner, but the MMP‐2 level was not changed. Interferon‐γ hardly affected production of MMP‐2 or MMP‐9. Ribonuclease protection assay demonstrated that TNF‐α increased the level of MMP‐9 mRNA 6‐fold compared to the control, whereas TGF‐β slightly up‐regulated it. These results suggest that expression of MMP‐9 could be regulated by several cytokines in murine epidermal keratinocytes.  相似文献   

Shoot growth and crown development: effect of crown position in three-dimensional simulations     

Nikinmaa E  Messier C  Sievänen R  Perttunen J  Lehtonen M 《Tree physiology》2003,23(2):129-136

Trees have been increasingly considered as modular organisms, with individual shoots forming autonomous units that respond semi-independently to their surrounding environment. However, there is evidence for fairly strict hormonal control of tree crown development. Studies on the hydraulic architecture of trees suggest a closer functional connection between shoots and crown development than is postulated by the theory of branch autonomy. We studied how shoot growth pattern influences growth and crown architecture in young Scots pine trees simulated by the LIGNUM model assuming that (a) the growth of a shoot mainly depends on its light climate and (b) the growth of a shoot is influenced by its position within the crown. We determined shoot position within the crown based on a recently developed vigor index. The vigor index compares the relative axis cross-sectional area from the base of the tree to each shoot and gives a value of 1 to the pathway of the greatest cross-sectional area. All other shoots attain values between 0 and 1 depending on their cross-sectional areas and the cross-sectional areas of the branches leading there from the main axis. The shoot light climate is characterized by annually intercepted photosynthetically active radiation. We compared the results from simulations (a) and (b) against an independent data set. The addition of a within-shoot position index (the vigor index) to our simulation (simulation b) resulted in a more realistic tree form than that obtained with simulation (a) alone. We discuss the functional significance of the results as well as the possibilities of using an index of shoot position in simulations of crown architecture.  相似文献   

Seedling survival and growth during the 2 years following seed germination of Magnolia stellata,a threatened subcanopy tree,after clearcutting     

Ichiro Tamaki  Katsushige Nomura  Reiko Nomura  Chieko Tate  Mika Ogiso  Yoshihiro Miyakami  Yumiko Yabe 《Journal of Forest Research》2015,20(4):415-419

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Contamination of Poultry Products with Listeria monocytogenes at Poultry Processing Plants     

Yoshimasa SASAKI  Mika HARUNA  Mariko MURAKAMI  Mizuho HAYASHIDA  Nao TAKAHASHI  Tetsuo URUSHIYAMA  Kazuo ITO  Yukiko YAMADA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(1):129-132

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New Visible Endotracheal Intubation Method Using the Endoscope System for Mice Inhalational Anesthesia     

Kenjiro KONNO  Naoki ITANO  Teppei OGAWA  Mika HATAKEYAMA  Kyoko SHIOYA  Noriyuki KASAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(6):863-868

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Nutrient and heavy metals in decaying harvest residue needles on drained blanket peat forests     

Zaki-ul-Zaman Asam  Mika Nieminen  Annu Kaila  Raija Laiho  Sakari Sarkkola  Mark O’Connor  Connie O’Driscoll  Afshan Sana  Michael Rodgers  Xinmin Zhan  Liwen Xiao 《European Journal of Forest Research》2014,133(6):969-982

Harvest residue decomposition can significantly contribute to nutrient and heavy metal exports to receiving water courses. This study monitors the nutrient and heavy metal dynamics in decaying Sitka spruce and lodgepole pine harvest residue needles on Atlantic blanket peat forests in the west of Ireland. Using the litterbag method, harvest residue was placed both within and between furrows in two uncut forest and two clear-cut sites. On the clear-cut sites, the litterbags were positioned outside the harvest residue piles (i.e. brash windrows). Over the 2-year monitoring period, the needles decomposed slower at the clear-cut sites than the uncut forest sites, with mass losses of 46–55 and 58–77 %, respectively. Approximately 20 % less phosphorous (P) was released from the decaying needles at the clear-cut sites, while nitrogen (N) was released only at the uncut sites. Tree species was a significant factor contributing to nutrient and heavy metal release and accumulation patterns, with higher concentrations of aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in the decaying spruce needles than in pine. Conversely, the spruce needles showed accelerated depletion of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) relative to the pine. The harvest residue needle positioning (inside furrow/between furrows) and the site soil characteristics contributed significantly to Al transformations in spruce needles and iron (Fe) in both spruce and pine needles, with more accumulation occurring inside the furrows where Al and Fe contents of the peat were high. Manganese (Mn) was released from the needles in three of the four sites with a total release of over 90 % within 2 years. In the remaining site, where the Mn content of the peat was high, an accumulation of Mn in the needles was observed. The decomposition of needles on blanket peat catchments may be a significant source of P to receiving water courses, owing to their fast release of P, but not a likely source for N export.  相似文献   

Characterization of vitamin B12 compounds from commercially available fish roe products     

Yamanaka  Tamami  Namura  Mika  Koseki  Kyohei  Bito  Tomohiro  Umebayashi  Yukihiro  Watanabe  Fumio 《Fisheries Science》2022,88(6):815-820

Although fish roes (or the egg-laden ovary) are seafood products with high nutritional value and are considered abundant in vitamins including vitamin B₁₂, nevertheless, the detailed properties of vitamin B₁₂ have not been fully elucidated in fish roe products. Vitamin B₁₂ content was determined using C18-reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography after purification of samples from immunoaffinity columns. Salmon egg-laden ovary products (sujiko), salmon roe products (ikura), dried mullet roe products (bottarga), and white sturgeon roe products (caviar) were found to contain substantial levels of vitamin B₁₂ (more than approximately 15 µg/100 g wet weight). Interestingly, high levels of vitamin B₁₂ per 100 g wet weight have been measured in pollack roe products (tarako) and flying fish roe products (tobiko). Liquid chromatography–electrospray-ionization/tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that vitamin B₁₂ was the predominant corrinoid in the evaluated fish roe products examined, while no inactive corrinoid compounds were identified. These results suggest that commercially available fish roe products could be an important source of vitamin B₁₂ for use as a dietary product for humans.

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Rapid time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for the measurement of creatine kinase in serum and whole blood samples     

Tuomola M  Vainio J  Lövgren T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(23):6659-6662

A rapid and simple immunochemical method was developed for the assessment of the creatine kinase (MM) isoenzyme [CK(MM)], a protein marker linked with animal welfare and meat quality. The one-step time-resolved immunofluorometric assay produced quantitative results from serum or whole blood samples in 20 min. The analytical limit of detection (mean + 2s) for the immunoassay was 17 ng/mL (n = 6), and the functional limit of detection for the analysis of porcine whole blood samples was 426 ng/mL (n = 24). The working range of the method was linear up to 50 micro g/mL, and the within-assay precision varied between 2.1 and 10.9%. The analysis of porcine serum samples showed that the results from the immunoassay method and colorimetric CK enzyme activity determination were highly correlated (r(2) = 0.965, n = 17, p < 0.001). The practicability of the assay was demonstrated by the analysis of 300 porcine whole blood samples in a slaughterhouse environment.  相似文献   

Solute effects on the interaction between water and ethanol in aged whiskey     

Nose A  Hojo M  Suzuki M  Ueda T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(17):5359-5365

The hydrogen-bonding structure of water-ethanol in whiskey was examined on the basis of (1)H NMR chemical shifts of the OH of water and ethanol. Phenolic acids and aldehydes (gallic, vanillic, and syringic acids; vanillin and syringaldehyde) exhibited their structure-making effects regardless of the presence or absence of 0.1 or 0.2 mol dm(-3) acetic acid. The OH-proton chemical shifts were measured for 32 malt whiskey samples of a distillery, aged for 0-23 years in five different types of casks. The OH-proton chemical shift values of the whiskies shifted toward the lower field in proportion to their contents of total phenols. It can be concluded that the strength of the hydrogen bonding in aged whiskies is directly predominated by acidic and phenolic components gained in oak wood casks and not dependent on just the aging time.  相似文献