Use of Powdered Egg Yolk vs Fresh Egg Yolk for the Cryopreservation of Ovine Semen   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

F Marco-Jiménez  S Puchades  E Mocé  MP Viudes-de-Cartro  JS Vicente  M Rodriguez 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2004,39(6):438-441

Egg yolk is a common additive to sperm cryopreservation diluents. Because of its animal origin, however, it also represents a potential risk of microbiological contamination in the diluent. This potential contamination can be avoided by using powdered egg yolk, instead of fresh egg yolk, as it is pasteurized. This study was conducted to determine ram sperm cryosurvival was affected by the type of egg yolk used (powdered egg yolk or fresh egg yolk) and by yolk concentration (10, 15 or 20%) in the diluent. Microbiological analyses were also performed to quantify the microbiological contamination in the diluents containing the two types of egg yolk. Sperm cryosurvival was determined by motility and morphology analyses after thawing. Motility parameters were assessed using a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, and the percentage of sperm with a normal apical ridge was evaluated using a differential interference contrast microscope. No significant differences were observed between diluents in the percentage of sperm with normal apical ridge. However, higher percentages of total motile cells were observed for samples containing powdered egg yolk (69%) compared to samples containing fresh egg yolk (60%). However, sperm in diluents containing fresh egg yolk, exhibited higher values for average-path velocity, straight-line velocity and beat cross frequency and lower values for amplitude of lateral head displacement (p <0.05), compared to cells in diluents containing powdered egg yolk. Microbiological contamination was similar (<200 CFU/ml) in both diluents, and no bacterial growth was observed in either, when antibiotics were added. Therefore, powdered egg yolk can be effective used in diluents for the freezing of ram semen. However, the in vivo fertility of sperm frozen in diluents containing powdered egg yolk should be tested, as some motility parameters were different for sperm treated with powdered egg yolk compared to fresh egg yolk.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of antibodies to Pestivirus infections in South Australian sheep flocks          下载免费PDF全文

CA Evans  SR Lanyon  RM O’Handley  MP Reichel  PD Cockcroft 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(8):312-314

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Meta-analysis of fungicide efficacy on soybean target spot and cost–benefit assessment     

J. P. Edwards Molina  P. A. Paul  L. Amorim  L. H. C. P. da Silva  F. V. Siqueri  E. P. Borges  H. D. Campos  J. Nunes Junior  M. C. Meyer  M. C. Martins  R. S. Balardin  V. J. Carlin  J. F. J. Grigolli  L. M. de R. Belufi  C. V. Godoy 《Plant pathology》2019,68(1):94-106

Target spot of soybean has spread in Brazil, the southeastern United States and Argentina in the last decade. A collaborative network of field Uniform Fungicide Trials (UFT) in Brazil was created in 2011 to study the target spot control efficacy of fungicides, including azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr (AZ_BF), carbendazim (CZM), fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin (FLUX_PYRA), epoxiconazole + FLUX_PYRA (EPO_FLUX_PYRA), mancozeb (MZB) and prothioconazole + trifloxystrobin (PROT_TRIF). Network meta-analysis was used to conduct a quantitative synthesis of UFT data collected from 2012 to 2016 and to evaluate the effects of disease pressure (DP, low ≤ 35% target spot severity in the nontreated control < high) and year of experiment on the overall mean efficacy and yield response to each of the tested fungicides. Based on mean percentage control of target spot severity, the tested fungicides fall into three efficacy groups (EG): high EG, FLUX_PYRA (76.2% control relative to the nontreated control) and EPO_FLUX_PYRA (75.7% control); intermediate EG, PROT_TRIF (66.5% control) and low EG, MZB (49.6% control), AZ_BF (46.7% control) and CZM (32.4% control). DP had a significant effect on yield response. At DP_Low, the highest response was due to PROT_TRIF (+342 kg ha⁻¹, +12.8%) and EPO_FLUX_PYRA (+295.5 kg ha⁻¹, +11.2%), whereas at DP_High, EPO_FLUX_PYRA and FLUX_PYRA outperformed the other treatments, with yield responses of 503 kg ha⁻¹ (+20.2%) and 469 kg ha⁻¹ (+19.1%), respectively. The probability of a positive return on fungicide investment ranged from 0.26 to 0.56 at DP_Low and from 0.34 to 0.66 at DP_High.  相似文献   

Utilization of corn gluten meal as a protein source in the diet of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei          下载免费PDF全文

C. Molina‐Poveda  M. Lucas  M. Jover 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2015,21(6):824-834

A 57‐day feeding trial was designed to assess the potential of corn gluten meal (CGM) as a plant protein source in practical feeds for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Five experimental diets providing 350 g kg^?1 protein and 110 g kg^?1 lipid were prepared, where 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of fishmeal (FM) protein was substituted by protein from CGM. The results showed that partial or complete replacement of FM with CGM did not affect survival. The growth of the shrimp declined as the levels of CGM increased, diets containing CGM showing a significantly lower final weight (3.2–5.9 g) and specific growth rates (1.7–2.7% per day) compared to those fed on the diet with 0 CGM (7.1 g and 3.0% per day). Feed conversion ratio was also significantly affected by CGM level. The inclusion of CGM resulted in a statistical decrease in the apparent digestibility (AD) of dry matter from 77.9% to 66.0% and in AD of protein from 80.5% to 52.0%, of feed. The AD of amino acids, with the exception of lysine, declined with the dietary incorporation of CGM. In summary, reduced palatability, low protein digestibility and a deficiency of lysine and methionine seem to be the major reasons behind a depressed growth in shrimp fed on CGM protein‐based diets.  相似文献   

Feeding strategies for striped blenny Meiacanthus grammistes larvae     

Ike Olivotto  Chiara Carla Piccinetti  Matteo Alessandro Avella  Carles Molina Rubio  Oliana Carnevali 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(9):e307-e315

Rotifers and Artemia salina nauplii are the most widely used live prey for newly hatched larvae, but they do not always promote optimal survival and growth. Alternative food sources such as copepods, which bypass these inadequacies and promote adequate growth, are needed and they are viewed with considerable interest by the scientific community. The aim of the present study was to test two different diets [rotifers and A. salina nauplii (group A) and a mixture (group B) of rotifers/Tisbe spp. copepods and A. salina nauplii/copepods] during the larval rearing of the striped blenny Meiacanthus grammistes. The analysis of the survival rate, size (total length and wet weight) and metamorphosis time during the larval phase of this species showed that Tisbe spp. administration can significantly improve larval survival and growth and also reduce the metamorphosis time. The results obtained are related to the fatty acid content of the live prey used and are essential in order to improve the captive production of M. grammistes through a closed system and, in turn, to preserve natural stocks.  相似文献   

Atmospheric new particle formation enhanced by organic acids   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Zhang R  Suh I  Zhao J  Zhang D  Fortner EC  Tie X  Molina LT  Molina MJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5676):1487-1490

Atmospheric aerosols often contain a substantial fraction of organic matter, but the role of organic compounds in new nanometer-sized particle formation is highly uncertain. Laboratory experiments show that nucleation of sulfuric acid is considerably enhanced in the presence of aromatic acids. Theoretical calculations identify the formation of an unusually stable aromatic acid-sulfuric acid complex, which likely leads to a reduced nucleation barrier. The results imply that the interaction between organic and sulfuric acids promotes efficient formation of organic and sulfate aerosols in the polluted atmosphere because of emissions from burning of fossil fuels, which strongly affect human health and global climate.  相似文献   

Volatile organic compounds produced by castor bean cake incorporated into the soil exhibit toxic activity against Meloidogyne incognita     

Luma A Pedroso  Vicente P Campos  Marcio P Pedroso  Aline F Barros  Eduardo S Freire  Franciely MP Resende 《Pest management science》2019,75(2):476-483

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Secretion of dopamine and norepinephrine in hypophyseal portal blood and prolactin in peripheral blood of Holstein cattle     

Hard DL  Bhatnagar RK  Molina JR  Anderson LL 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2001,20(2):89-100

The objective was to test the hypothesis that dopamine regulates prolactin (PRL) secretion by determining acute changes in catecholamine concentrations in hypophyseal portal blood of cattle, and their relation to peripheral blood concentration of PRL in hypophyseal stalk-transected (HST) and sham-operated controls (SOC). Holstein heifers (606 +/- 21 kg BW; mean +/- SE) were subjected to neurosurgery for 8 h to collect hypophyseal portal blood with a stainless steel cannula designed with a cuff placed under the pituitary stalk and peripheral blood via a jugular vein catheter. PRL plasma concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay, and dopamine and norepinephrine in portal plasma by radioenzymatic assay. During anesthesia before HST or SOC, PRL plasma concentration ranged from 20-40 ng/ml throughout 255 min. PRL abruptly increased and remained above 90 ng/ml after HST compared with a steady decrease to <20 ng/ml in SOC heifers throughout 440 min. Within 5 min after severing the hypophyseal stalk, dopamine in portal blood (>8 ng/ml) was significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with peripheral blood (<2 ng/ml). Norepinephrine concentration in portal blood was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than in peripheral blood during the first 60 min. The sustained high PRL level in peripheral plasma after severing the hypophyseal stalk stimulated hypothalamic dopamine secretion from hypophyseal portal vessels during the prolonged period of blood collection. Norepinephrine concentration in these cattle was greater in hypophyseal portal than in peripheral blood, implicating both an important hypothalamic source of the catecholamine as well as an adrenal gland contribution during anesthesia.  相似文献   

Lactation curves in captive Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)     

García A  Landete-Castillejos T  Molina A  Albiñana B  Fernández C  Garde J  Gallego L 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(12):3150-3155

This study examines milk production and the effect of milk production and sex of calf on body weights and gains of red deer calves and hinds of the Iberian subspecies (Cervus elaphus hispanicus). Milk production was assessed in 14 hinds by weighing calves before and after suckling and by adjusting these values to the Gamma function. Gamma estimates of total milk production up to d 105 were similar to the amounts computed directly from double weighing. Hinds showed two types of lactation curve: 1) the standard mammal lactation curve, with an asymmetrical peak at wk 2 to 4 (Type I) and 2) decreasing curves with no peak (Type II). Although there was great interindividual variability, hinds with Type I curves showed a trend to produce more milk than those with Type II. The type of curve did not seem to affect weight variables of the calf or those of the dam. Calves that gained more weight consumed greater amounts of milk (P<.05). Males were heavier than females at birth (P<.05), but males did not differ from females in their weight at 105 d, milk consumption, and gain. Gender did not affect hind weight, but dams of male calves showed a trend to be lighter (P = .063) at d 105 than dams of female calves. Our results suggest that suckling differences found in other studies between male and female calves may not involve differences in milk production, although other rearing costs seem to affect hind weight losses. They also suggest that the curve type may not depend only, as reported, on the nutrition plane.  相似文献   

Carcinogen in rock fern (Chielanthes sieberi) from New Zealand and Australia     

BL SMITH  PP EMBLING  DR LAUREN  MP AGNEW  AD ROSS  PL GREENTREE 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(7):230-231

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