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1.
Waniska RD Venkatesha RT Chandrashekar A Krishnaveni S Bejosano FP Jeoung J Jayaraj J Muthukrishnan S Liang GH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(10):4732-4742
Research on antifungal proteins and other mechanisms that provide the biochemical basis for host-plant resistance to stalk rot and grain molds is reviewed in this paper. Stalk rot caused by Fusarium species leads to substantial yield loss due to poor grain filling and/or lodging. A transgenic sorghum expressing high levels of chitinase exhibited less stalk rot development when exposed to conidia of F. thapsinum. Grain mold of sorghum is associated with warm humid environments and results from colonization by several fungi (F. thapsinum, Curvularia lunata, and Alternaria alternata) of the developing caryopsis. The roles of several biochemical mechanisms (tannins, phenolic compounds, red pericarp, proteins, hard endosperm, and antifungal proteins) on grain mold resistance are discussed. Resistance mechanisms related to these compounds appear to be additive, and pyramiding of genes is a feasible approach to limit grain deterioration. Several experimental approaches are proposed to extend current findings. 相似文献
2.
Vishnu Sukumari Nath Muthukrishnan Senthil Vinayaka Mahabaleswar Hegde Muthulekshmi Lajapathy Jeeva Raj Shekhar Misra Syamala Swayamvaran Veena Mithun Raj 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(3):483-494
The oomycete Phytophthora colocasiae that causes taro leaf blight is the most devastating disease of taro and is widely distributed worldwide. Molecular and phenotypic techniques were employed for assessing and exploiting the genetic variability among four populations of P. colocasiae obtained from a fine spatial scale (multiple leaf blight lesions on single taro leaf). Phenotypic characters such as virulence, morphology and mating type showed no variation. ITS characterization revealed detectable polymorphism among isolates of P. colocasiae. The mean number of haplotypes (H), haplotype diversity (HD), nucleotide diversity (π), and nucleotide substitution rate (θ) among analyzed sequences were 6.75, 1.00, 0.069, and 0.088 respectively. High levels of inter and intra specific variation were detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays. Moderate genetic diversity (H?=?0.2651) was observed among populations of P. colocasiae. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) confirmed that most of the genetic variability was confined to within a population (63.54 %). The coefficient of genetic differentiation among populations (G ST ) was 0.2007 and estimates of gene flow (Nm) among populations was 1.991 migrants per generation. Cluster analysis using UPGMA revealed that individuals from the same population failed to cluster in one distinct group. The results of the study reveal considerable genetic diversity among and within populations of P. colocasiae obtained from fine spatial scale. The possible mechanisms and implications of this genetic variation are discussed. 相似文献
3.
A. Dobermann C. Witt D. Dawe S. Abdulrachman H.C. Gines R. Nagarajan S. Satawathananont T.T. Son P.S. Tan G.H. Wang N.V. Chien V.T.K. Thoa C.V. Phung P. Stalin P. Muthukrishnan V. Ravi M. Babu S. Chatuporn M. Kongchum J. Sookthongsa Q. Sun R. Fu G.C. Simbahan M.A.A. Adviento 《Field Crops Research》2008
4.
Rudreshappa AG Sanyal A Mohapatra JK Subramaniam S De A Das B Singanallur NB Jangam AK Muthukrishnan M Villuppanoor SA Pattnaik B 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,158(3-4):405-409
Emergence of genetically and antigenically divergent lineages/genotypes and poor intergenotypic antigenic coverage is a major concern in serotype A foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) in India. In 2009, to cover antigenic diversity emerged in serotype A virus field isolates, IND40/2000 was selected as the new vaccine strain for incorporation in the trivalent FMD vaccine formulation used in India. Although current vaccine strain (IND40/2000) covers most isolates antigenically, a few VP3(59)-deletion group isolates showed low r-value in routine vaccine matching exercise. The VP3(59)-deletion group within genotype 18 emerged first in late part of 2002 and in 2007 causing outbreaks along with non-deletion isolates of the same genotype. In case of emergence or re-emergence of more antigenically divergent isolates in future, a need for a new vaccine candidate to cover maximum isolates of both deletion and non-deletion group may arise. Four alternate candidate vaccine strains (IND281/2003, IND195/2007, IND360/2007 and IND123/2008) were selected based on set criteria and antigenic relationships with field isolates sampled between 2002 and 2009 were analyzed using a micro-neutralization test. Phylogenetic analysis based on capsid region of serotype A isolates revealed existence of two broad distinct clusters (VP3(59)-deletion and non-deletion group) within genotype 18. The VP3(59)-deletion group has diversified genetically with time giving rise to three different sub-lineages (clade18a, 18b and 18c). The present study indicates that the virus candidates IND281/2003 (VP3(59)-deletion group) and IND195/2007 (non-deletion group) can be used as an adjunct or alternative strain to currently used vaccine strain IND40/2000 in case of emergence of more antigenically divergent isolates in future. 相似文献
5.
Vidhyasekaran P Ponmalar TR Samiyappan R Velazhahan R Vimala R Ramanathan A Paranidharan V Muthukrishnan S 《Phytopathology》1997,87(12):1258-1263
ABSTRACT Rhizoctonia solani, the rice sheath blight pathogen, produces a toxin that reproduces all symptoms of the disease. The toxin has been partially purified and it was found to be a carbohydrate containing glucose, mannose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and N-acetylglucosamine. The toxin was also detected in infected leaves. Highly virulent isolates produced more toxin than less virulent isolates. Several R. solani isolates from rice and one each from cotton and tomato produced a similar toxin. All rice cultivars tested were susceptible to the pathogen and sensitive to the toxin. Host specificity of the toxin has been demonstrated using hosts and nonhosts of the pathogen. 相似文献
6.
外源类甜蛋白基因在马铃薯中的表达 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将“津引薯８号”马铃薯薄版和含有ＣaMV35S启动子控制的类甜蛋白（ＴＬＰ）基因与紧密连锁的Ｕbiquitin启动子控制的bar标记基因的农植菌双元表达域体进行共培养。切下马铃薯薄片表面产生的幼芽,用含有除草剂bialaphos的ＭＳ培养其进行初步筛选。当获得的生根抗性芽生长成株后用ＴＬＰ蛋白抗体和ＴＬＰ基因特异引我对成株进行间接ＥＬＩＳＡ检测和ＰＣＲ检测。两种检测结果一致率为９０％,推断以bar基因为筛选标记、紧密连锁 的外源类甜蛋白基因已经进入马铃薯基因组并利以表达。 相似文献
7.
Muthukrishnan Madhanmohan Singanallur Balasubramanian Nagendrakumar Mangamoori Lakshmi Narasu Villuppanoor Alwar Srinivasan 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2010,33(6):e7-e13
The relationship of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) virus antigen payload and single and double vaccinations in conferring protection against virus challenge in sheep was studied. Sheep vaccinated with half the cattle dose (1 ml) containing 15 and 3.75 μg of FMDV antigen with or without booster resisted virulent challenge on 21 days post vaccination or 7 days post booster. FMDV RNA could be detected in nasal secretions in 26% of vaccinated sheep (103.12 to 103.82 viral RNA copies) on day 35 post challenge. No live virus could be isolated after 5 days post challenge indicating that the risk of transmission of disease was probably very low. The finding showed that vaccines containing antigen payload of 1.88 μg may prevent or reduce the local virus replication at the oropharynx and shedding of virus from nasal secretions and thereby reduce the amount of virus released into the environment subsequent to exposure to live virus. Sheep with no vaccination or with poor sero conversion to vaccination can be infected without overt clinical signs and became carriers. 相似文献
8.
In a line × tester analysis in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), the adequacy of 4 testers for combining-ability has been studied. The general and specific combining-ability (GCA and SCA, respectively) variances indicated that the role of non-additive gene action for most of the characteristics and heterosis breeding for the improvement of these traits have been enhanced. LE.758 among the lines and LE.68 among the testers were identified as the best general combiners for yield and its important components. A close agreement between GCA and per se performance was observed among the testers. For selection of hybrids, per se performance as a reliable parameter in preference to SCA effect is indicated. 相似文献
9.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Foliar application of Bacillus subtilis strain AUBS1 significantly reduced the sheath blight disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under greenhouse... 相似文献
10.
Madhanmohan M Nagendrakumar SB Kumar R Anilkumar J Manikumar K Yuvaraj S Srinivasan VA 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(2):1050-1059
Small ruminants play an important role in the epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD). Small ruminants are vaccinated with one-half or one-third of cattle dose of oil-based or aqueous vaccines respectively. The extinction antigen payload in vaccine for protection in small ruminants is poorly studied. FMD seronegative Nellore sheep (n=30) and Osmanabadi goats (n=30) were vaccinated with different payloads of O(1) Manisa vaccine (0.45-5 μg). Vaccinated and sero-negative unvaccinated sheep (n=6) and goats (n=6) were challenged intradermally into the coronary band with O(1) Manisa virus. The sheep and goats were monitored for signs of FMD and samples were collected for measuring viraemia and virus associated with nasal swabs and probang samples. Clotted blood was collected for serology. Vaccines containing antigen payload up to 0.94 μg protected sheep and goats against challenge. Sheep and goats vaccinated with 0.45 μg antigen payload were poorly protected against challenge. An antigen payload of 0.94 μg was sufficient to offer complete protection and also absence of carrier status. Sheep and goats with no vaccination or with poor sero conversion to vaccination showed sub-clinical infection and became carriers. The results of the study suggest that vaccination offers protection from clinical disease even at a low payload of 0.94 μg and hence one-half of cattle dose of the oil-based vaccine formulations is sufficient to induce protective immune response in sheep and goats. Since no live virus could be isolated after 5 days post challenge from the nasal swab or probang samples even though viral RNA was detected, the risk of these animals transmitting disease was probably very low. 相似文献