Artificial Spawning of Tilapia Eggs1     

James M. Myers  William K. Hershberger 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1991,22(2):77-82

A stripspawning methodology was evaluated for tilapia (oreochromid) species. This technique achieved an average hatching success of 68.6 ± 3.6% (N= 31). Female fecundity and spawning frequency were dependant on both genetical and husbandry factors. Egg yields for Oreochromis niloticus, O. mossambicus, and O. niloticus±O. mossambicus hybrids averaged 4.54, 10.86 and 10.36 eggs/g female/spawn, respectively. Female broodstock that were adapted to an intensive spawning regime exhibited a significant increase in fecundity. Additionally, egg survival was not affected by hydration for up to 15 minutes prior to fertilization. Results suggest that the strip spawning of tilapia species may be an efficient method of providing viable gametes for hatchery purposes.  相似文献   

Diverticula of the urinary bladder in a juvenile dog.          下载免费PDF全文

A M Remedios  D M Middleton  S L Myers  C A Outerbridge    P M Arnold 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1994,35(10):648-650

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Bilirubin excretion and bile flow in fed and fasted Brazilian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)     

C. E. Cornelius  B. A. Myers  M. L. Bruss  J. W. George 《Veterinary research communications》1989,13(5):395-401

Fasted Brazilian squirrel monkeys (BrSMs) exhibited slightly higher serum bilirubin levels (0.30±0.05 mg/dl) than others in the fed state (0.13±0.01). The mean liver weight was 50% lower following a 22 h fast. The rate of bile flow was unaffected by fasting and averaged 13.8 l/min/kg and 47.5 l/min/100g liver in six BrSMs. No significant difference in mean bilirubin excretion/min was observed on a body weight basis following fasting. When the mean rate of bilirubin excretion was calculated as a function of liver weight, a two-fold higher rate was present in fasted monkeys, but only at the p=0.06 level of statistical significance. From data collected in this and earlier studies, it would appear that BrSMs represent the best animals studied to date to serve as experimental controls in comparative studies with Bovilian squirrel monkeys which exhibit a Gilbert-like syndrome.  相似文献   

Environmental unknowns     

Myers N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1995,269(5222):358-360

Among the environmental problems ahead, the most important ones could be those that are still unknown to us. This conceptual article explores this prospect on the grounds that it is important not only to supply answers to recognized questions but to raise appropriate new questions.  相似文献   

Reply     

SE RIDGE  JW GALVIN 《Australian veterinary journal》2005,83(12):767-767

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Pharmacokinetic comparison of six anthelmintics in sheep,goats, and cattle     

Michael J. Myers  Karyn D. Howard  Joseph C. Kawalek 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2021,44(1):58-67

This study was initiated to determine whether a comparative pharmacokinetic (PK) approach could be used to expand the pool of approved anthelmintics for minor ruminant species. Accordingly, the PK profiles of six anthelmintics (levamisole, albendazole, fenbendazole, moxidectin, doramectin, and ivermectin) in sheep, goats, and cattle were determined. The PK values determined for each anthelmintic included T_max, T_last, C_max, AUC, AUC/dose, and C_max/dose. The results of this study demonstrate that a comparative PK approach does not show commonality in the way these six anthelmintics are individually processed by these three ruminants. While some drugs demonstrated identical PK profiles between sheep and goats, none of these drugs demonstrated PK profiles in sheep and goats comparable to the PK profiles found in cattle. The results from this study suggest drug approval across these three ruminants is not a viable concept. However, the resulting PK profiles for each combination of drug and ruminant species represents a new dataset that can be used to support the US FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine's Minor Use/Minor Species indexing process for drug approvals in minor species such as sheep and goats.  相似文献   

A high-resolution radiation hybrid map of the human genome draft sequence     

Olivier M  Aggarwal A  Allen J  Almendras AA  Bajorek ES  Beasley EM  Brady SD  Bushard JM  Bustos VI  Chu A  Chung TR  De Witte A  Denys ME  Dominguez R  Fang NY  Foster BD  Freudenberg RW  Hadley D  Hamilton LR  Jeffrey TJ  Kelly L  Lazzeroni L  Levy MR  Lewis SC  Liu X  Lopez FJ  Louie B  Marquis JP  Martinez RA  Matsuura MK  Misherghi NS  Norton JA  Olshen A  Perkins SM  Perou AJ  Piercy C  Piercy M  Qin F  Reif T  Sheppard K  Shokoohi V  Smick GA  Sun WL  Stewart EA  Fernando J  Tejeda  Tran NM  Trejo T  Vo NT  Yan SC  Zierten DL  Zhao S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5507):1298-1302

We have constructed a physical map of the human genome by using a panel of 90 whole-genome radiation hybrids (the TNG panel) in conjunction with 40,322 sequence-tagged sites (STSs) derived from random genomic sequences as well as expressed sequences. Of 36,678 STSs on the TNG radiation hybrid map, only 3604 (9.8%) were absent from the unassembled draft sequence of the human genome. Of 20,030 STSs ordered on the TNG map as well as the assembled human genome draft sequence and the Celera assembled human genome sequence, 36% of the STSs had a discrepant order between the working draft sequence and the Celera sequence. The TNG map order was identical to one of the two sequence orders in 60% of these discrepant cases.  相似文献   

Wheat grain quality under increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentrations in a semi-arid cropping system     

Nimesha Fernando  Joe Panozzo  Michael Tausz  Robert M. Norton  Glenn J. Fitzgerald  Samuel Myers  Cassandra Walker  James Stangoulis  Saman Seneweera 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012

We investigated wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain quality under Free Air CO₂ Enrichment (FACE) of 550 ± 10% CO₂ μmol mol⁻¹. In each of two full growing seasons (2008 and 2009), two times of sowing were compared, with late sowing designed to mimic high temperature during grain filling. Grain samples were subjected to a range of physical, nutritional and rheological quality assessments. Elevated CO₂ increased thousand grain weight (8%) and grain diameter (5%). Flour protein concentration was reduced by 11% at e[CO₂], with the highest reduction being observed at the late time of sowing in 2009, (15%). Most of the grain mineral concentrations decreased under e[CO₂] - Ca (11%), Mg (7%), P (11%) and S (7%), Fe (10%), Zn (17%), Na (19%), while total uptake of these nutrients per unit ground area increased. Rheological properties of the flour were altered by e[CO₂] and bread volume reduced by 7%. Phytate concentration in grains tended to decrease (17%) at e[CO₂] while grain fructan concentration remained unchanged. The data suggest that rising atmospheric [CO₂] will reduce the nutritional and rheological quality of wheat grain, but at high temperature, e[CO₂] effects may be moderated. Reduced phytate concentrations at e[CO₂] may improve bioavailability of Fe and Zn in wheat grain.  相似文献   

Effect of oral administration of low doses of pentobarbital on the induction of cytochrome P450 isoforms and cytochrome P450-mediated reactions in immature Beagles     

Kawalek JC  Howard KD  Farrell DE  Derr J  Cope CV  Jackson JD  Myers MJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(9):1167-1175

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of oral administration of low doses of pentobarbital on cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms and CYP-mediated reactions in immature Beagles. ANIMALS: 42 immature (12-week-old) Beagles. PROCEDURE: Dogs were grouped and treated orally as follows for 8 weeks: low-dose pentobarbital (50 microg/d; 4 males, 4 females), mid-dose pentobarbital (150 microg/d; 4 males, 4 females), high-dose pentobarbital (500 microg/d; 4 males, 4 females), positive-pentobarbital control (10 mg/kg/d; 2 males, 2 females), positive-phenobarbital control (10 mg/kg/d; 2 males, 2 females), and negative control (saline 10.9% NaCl] solution; 5 males, 5 females). Serum biochemical and hematologic values were monitored. On necropsy examination, organ weights were determined, and histologic evaluation of tissue sections of liver, kidney, small intestine, testes, epididymis, and ovaries was performed. Hepatic and intestinal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities were measured, and relative amounts of CYP isoforms were determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS: The amount of a hepatic CYP2A-related isoform in dogs from the high-dose pentobarbital treatment group was twice that of dogs from the negative control group. CYP2C was not detectable in small intestinal mucosa of dogs from the negative control group; measurable amounts of CYP2C were found in dogs from the various (low-, mid-, and high-dose) pentobarbital treatment groups and from positive-pentobarbital and positive phenobarbital control groups. Several CYP-mediated reactions increased in a dose-dependent manner. The lowest calculated effective dose of pentobarbital ranged from 200 to 450 microg/d. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Several CYP isoforms and their associated reactions were induced in dogs by oral administration of low amounts of pentobarbital.  相似文献   

Common procedures and concerns with wildlife.     

Debbie A Myers 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2006,9(2):437-60, viii

Wildlife patients have special needs compared with pet patients in regard to handling and restraint, the importance of the stress response, physical examination, and neonatal concerns. Because many wildlife patients present with wounds and fractures, a good understanding of the pathophysiology of these processes is also important. The primary goal of all wildlife rehabilitation procedures is the ultimate release of the animal back into its natural environment.  相似文献