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Cevik-Demirkan A Ozdemir V Demirkan I Türkmenoglu I 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2007,78(1):21-24
This study documents the detailed features of the morphological structure and the innervation areas of the plexus brachialis in the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera). The animals (5 female and 5 male) were euthanased with ketamine hydrocloride and xylazine hydrocloride combination, 60 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively. Skin, muscles and nerves were dissected under a stereo-microscope. The brachial plexus of the chinchilla is formed by rami ventrales of C5-C8, T1 and T2, and possesses a single truncus. The subscapular nerve is formed by the rami of the spinal nerves originating from C6 (one thin ramus) and C7 (one thick and 2 thin rami). These nerves innervate the subscapular and teres minor muscles. The long thoracic nerve, before joining with the brachial plexus, obtains branches from C6 and C7 in 5 cadavers (3 male, 2 female), from C7 in 4 cadavers (2 male, 2 female) and from C6-C8 in only 1 female cadaver. These nerves disperse in variable combinations to form the extrinsic and intrinstic named, nerves of the thoracic limb. An undefined nerve branch originates from the rami ventrales of C7, C8 and T1 spinal nerves enter the coracobrachial muscle. 相似文献
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Sargon MF Mas N Senan S Ozdemir B Celik HH Cumhur M 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2003,32(3):141-144
In this study, the myelinated axons of the rostrum, genu, truncus and splenium parts of the corpus callosum and of the anterior, posterior and habenular commissures were counted in the rat brain by using a camera lucida. The numerical densities of these axons were compared with each other by means of quantitative analytical statistical methods. In parts of the corpus callosum, a statistically significant difference was found between the rostrum and genu, rostrum and truncus, rostrum and the splenium, genu and truncus, and the genu and splenium. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the truncus and splenium. When comparing the number of myelinated axons of the anterior, posterior and habenular commissures, statistically significant differences were found between the anterior and posterior commissures, and between the anterior and habenular commissures. No statistically significant difference was found between the posterior and habenular commissures. Small sized myelinated axons were present in all parts of the corpus callosum and in the anterior commissure. However, a heterogeneous distribution of myelinated axons was present in the posterior and habenular commissures. 相似文献
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M. P. Reichel D. J. Baber P. S. Craig R. B. Gasser 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1996,27(3-4):115-123
From 1991 to 1993, an investigation into the epidemiology of cystic echinococcosis (CE) was carried out in the Falkland Islands to evaluate the progress of the hydatid eradication campaign. The prevalence of CE in sheep was assessed using abattoir and farm slaughter data, and the exposure of dogs to the parasite was estimated using immunological techniques. A total of 59 466 sheep was examined at slaughter for E. granulosus and T. hydatigena cysts and the entire dog population of the Falkland Islands (n = 908) was examined by ELISA for the presence of specific serum antibodies to E. granulosus (IgG, IgA and IgE). In addition, a subsample of dogs (n = 464) was tested for the presence of E. granulosus antigens in faeces (copro-antigens). The prevalence of CE in sheep increased significantly during the period of the study from 0.11% in 1991 to 0.47% in 1993. Nineteen (2.1%) of 908 dog sera tested were seropositive, and eight dogs (1.7%) of 464 tested were positive in the copro-antigen assay. The combined use of abattoir surveillance, specific antibody and copro-antigen assay suggested that there were several locations in the Falkland Islands where the life cycle of E. granulosus may still perpetuate. Specific deficiencies in the eradication effort in those locations could be identified through follow-up questionnaires. 相似文献
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The chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) acquired when single-domain size magnetite (Fe(3)0(4)) oxidizes to maghemite (gammaFe(2)O(3)) in a 50-microtesla field at a series of 13 temperatures from 1000 to 6560C is of similar intensity to viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) acquired under the same field and temperature conditions by unoxidized magnetite. The remanences of the oxidized and unoxidized phases also have similar resistances to demagnetization. These similarities imply that the remanence of the oxidized material is a chemico-viscous remanent magnetization (CVRM) having some of the characteristics of both classic growth CRM and thermally activated VRM. At low temperatures in partially oxidized grains, VRM of the magnetite core and growth CRM of the maghemite surface layer contribute about equally to CVRM. Near the Curie point, intensity of CVRM increases to a Hopkinson-type peak. High-temperature CVRM is more resistant to demagnetization than the thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) produced from cooling through the Curie point. 相似文献
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This paper focuses on understanding the role of structural parameters and starch crystallization on the toughness of cake samples. Accurate mechanical measurements were performed to obtain toughness values, and these were related to structural parameters obtained from image analyses. Three-dimensional skeletons of food samples were generated by using X-ray tomography technique. The structural parameters (cell diameter, cell wall thickness, thickness to radius ratio (t/R), fragmentation index) were obtained after processing of the images with CTan software. The basic hypothesis of the paper is to show that the structural parameter t/R is a determinant for predicting toughness, which is a critical indicator of freshness. Freshness in cakes and other baked products is a leading factor in consumer perception. For this purpose three different cake formulations were stored at 37 and 50 °C. Cycling from these temperatures to lower storage temperatures of 25 and 4 °C was done to accelerate the starch retrogradation rate. Experimental results indicated that there was a strong interrelationship between morphological structure and the mechanical properties with regression coefficients of 0.68 and 0.95. Starch retrogradation, which was followed by X-ray diffractometry, was found to be directly proportional to toughness values, where the percent relative crystallinity increased with storage temperature. 相似文献
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We investigated the influence of landscape and wetland characteristics on pond-breeding amphibian assemblages in south-central New Hampshire, a relatively low populated and heavily forested region of the northeastern United States. This allowed us to better understand landscape influences in less disturbed areas, and to determine critical landscape disturbance thresholds, above which amphibians are negatively impacted. We sampled 61 wetlands for larval amphibians in 1998 and 1999 to examine the influence of forest cover and road density (at seven buffer distances between 100 and 2000 m) and wetland characteristics on larval amphibian assemblages. Assemblages were influenced primarily by forest cover and wetland hydroperiod. Species richness was most strongly influenced by the proportion of forest cover within 1000 m of the wetland. Several species were also influenced by forest cover, but were differentially influenced by buffer widths. Our study suggests that, at least in the northeast US, wetlands with <40% forest cover within a 1000 m radius may have depauperate larval amphibian assemblages, and forest cover above 60% within a 1000 m radius is likely to ensure species rich and abundant larval amphibian assemblages. Given the above, current federal and state regulations that focus amphibian protection efforts on narrow terrestrial buffers surrounding wetlands are likely to be inadequate. 相似文献
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Ulgen M Cetin C Sentürk S Ozel AE Ozdemir U 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2006,53(7):379-382
Urine samples were obtained from 100 dogs with symptoms of lower urinary tract disease by cystocentesis and were examined for mycoplasmas. Urinalysis, haematological and biochemical analyses were also performed. Bacteria were isolated from urine in 41 of 100 dogs; Mycoplasma canis was isolated from four of 100 (4%) urine samples and three were pure culture. Selective mycoplasma media were used for isolation. In growth inhibition test, propagation of the four M. canis isolates was inhibited by their specific hyperimmune sera and there was no cross reactivity between isolates and hyperimmune sera of other mycoplasmas. Dogs in which M. canis was isolated were azotemic. All dogs were treated with enrofloxacin, furosemide, and supportive therapy (fluid therapy, ascorbic acid). In all animals, clinical improvements were observed after treatment. 相似文献