Clinical pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and its active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate after oral administration in horses     

Yamanaka T  Yamada M  Tsujimura K  Kondo T  Nagata S  Hobo S  Kurosawa M  Matsumura T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(3):293-296

The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) in horses (n=6) after oral administration of its prodrug oseltamivir. The binding rate of OC to horse plasma proteins was negligible (<1%). Oral administration of oseltamivir of 2 mg/kg body weight of oseltamivir to horses provided a plasma concentration of OC (mean maximum concentration: 257.9 ng/ml) above the inhibitory concentrations against equine influenza A viruses determined in vitro. However, because OC is rapidly eliminated from horse plasma (mean elimination half-life: 2.5 hr), administration intervals should be less than 10 hr to retain a suitable concentration when using a single dose of 2 mg/kg oseltamivir.  相似文献   

A direct enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of furosemide in horse plasma     

Nagata S  Kurosawa M  Kuwajima M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(3):305-307

A new enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the measurement of furosemide in horse plasma is described. The lower limit of detection of this EIA method was 7.8 ng/ml. The intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 2.5% to 4.9% and 7.5% to 9.8%, respectively. Cross-reactivity with other compounds was not observed. There was a high correlation (r2=0.987) between the high-performance liquid chromatography and EIA results obtained for furosemide concentrations in horse plasma. These results indicate that the newly developed EIA method is useful for the quantitative analysis of furosemide in horse plasma.  相似文献   

Expression of RANTES mRNA in skin lesions of feline eosinophilic plaque     

Kimura T  Kano R  Maeda S  Tsujimoto H  Nagata M  Hasegawa A 《Veterinary dermatology》2003,14(5):269-273

Abstract One of the mechanisms of eosinophil infiltration is its induction by chemoattractants such as regulated upon activation, normal T-expressed and secreted (RANTES) which is a cysteine–cysteine chemokine that mediates chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils in humans and mice. Skin lesions of feline eosinophilic plaque are characterized by a predominant infiltration of eosinophils. The mechanism(s) of eosinophilic infiltration in the skin and/or mucosa of cats is unknown. It is possible that RANTES is involved. To investigate the presence of RANTES in the skin of cats with eosinophilic plaques and nonaffected skin, we cloned and sequenced the full-length feline RANTES cDNA gene, in order to determine whether it is present in the skin of cats with eosinophilic plaques and/or if it is present in normal adjacent skin. We were able to document the the expression of RANTES mRNAs in skin with feline eosinophilic plaque as well as in normal cat skin. The full-length cDNA sequence of the RANTES gene (742 bp) contained a single open reading frame of 276 bp encoding a protein of 92 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of feline RANTES shared 67 and 74% sequence identity with that of bovine and mouse RANTES genes, respectively. RT–PCR analysis on RANTES mRNA in the skin of cats with eosinophilic plaque revealed that its expression was higher in the eosinophilic plaque skin lesions than in the normal skin. The result suggested that RANTES might play a role to induce eosinophil infiltration in feline eosinophilic plaque lesions.  相似文献   

Molecular characteristics of cutaneous papillomavirus from the canine pigmented epidermal nevus     

Tanabe C  Kano R  Nagata M  Nakamura Y  Watanabe S  Hasegawa A 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2000,62(11):1189-1192

To investigate the relation between the canine pigmented epidermal nevus (PEN) and cutaneous papillomavirus, we cloned and sequenced the L1 gene of papillomavirus from the canine pigmented epidermal nevus (PEN). Amplification of DNA sample with the L1 consensus primers yielded an expected fragment of approximately 450-bp. The nucleotide sequences of the fragment showed about 64% of sequence similarity to the L1 region of human papillomavirus isolate CP6108 and less than 57% sequence similarity to those of canine oral papillomavirus (COPV). In situ hybridization determined the presence of papillomavirus DNA mainly in the upper stratum granulosum of skin in this case. The results indicated that the canine cutaneous papillomavirus from the PEN lesion was genetically close to human papillomavirus rather than COPV.  相似文献   

Medication control of flunixin in racing horses: Possible detection times using Monte Carlo simulations     

Taisuke Kuroda  Yohei Minamijima  Motoi Nomura  Shozo Yamashita  Masayuki Yamada  Shunichi Nagata  Hiroshi Mita  Norihisa Tamura  Kentaro Fukuda  Atsutoshi Kuwano  Kanichi Kusano  Pierre-Louis Toutain  Fumio Sato 《Equine veterinary journal》2022,54(5):979-988

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Refugee impact on collective management of forest resources: a case study of Bhutanese refugees in Nepal's Eastern Terai region     

Birendra KC  Shin Nagata 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(5):305-311

This article analyzes the relationship between forest resources, refugees, and the host population. The findings of the research suggest that the host population are heavily dependent on the local forest for their daily needs such as fuelwood, timber, grazing area, fodder for domestic animals, foods, and medicine in addition to cultural and esthetic needs. The forest has also been relied upon for agricultural needs such as manufacture of agricultural tools, maintenance of irrigation water systems, erosion control, and fertilizer needs. The forest was under a sustained demand as any other Terai forest of Nepal. After the arrival of refugees in 1992, the demand for forest resources increased substantially. Initially, the construction of the refugee camps decreased the total forest area and also required some felling of trees. More significantly, the refugees themselves became active users of the forest resource, which generated extra pressure on the forest and created scarcity of forest resources. Before the arrival of the refugees, forest management and monitoring of illegal use of the forest resources were carried out by the government through its local forester office. The local residents were active users of the forest resources, but were passive in managing and maintaining the forest resource. However, competition from the refugees instilled a desire in the local population to safeguard and protect the dwindling resource against the external threat by creating the Humse Dumse Community Forest.  相似文献   

Growth of the fourspine sculpin <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cottus kazika</Emphasis> in the Gonokawa River,Japan, and effects of water temperature on growth     

Naohiko?TakeshitaEmail author  Itaru?Ikeda  Norio?Onikura  Masato?Nishikawa  Singo?Nagata  Seiichi?Matsui  Seir??Kimura 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(4):784-790

ABSTRACT:   The fourspine sculpin Cottus kazika is indigenous to Japan and found in Honshu except for the waters facing the Seto Inland Sea, and was also found in southern Shikoku and eastern Kyushu. This species has a catadromous lifestyle and migrates as juveniles from the sea to the middle reaches of rivers to grow. The growth pattern of this fish was investigated by a mark-and-recapture method from July 1994 to December 1996, in the Nigorikawa River, a tributary of the Gonokawa River system, Shimane Prefecture. 0-year-old fish of 50–70 mm total length ( TL ) occurred in the study area from June to July, grew to 90–140 mm  TL by the following April, and attained 160–210 mm  TL by December. This fish grew rapidly in September–November and April–July, almost ceasing to grow in July–September. It seems that this stagnant growth phase in summer is a characteristic of the seasonal growth pattern of C. kazika . A rearing experiment indicated that the growth rate of C. kazika was higher at 16–22°C than at 12–14 and 24–26°C. This result supports the field evidence of a stagnant growth phase in summer in the Nigorikawa River.  相似文献   

Levels of active oxygen species are controlled by ascorbic acid and anthocyanin in Arabidopsis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nagata T  Todoriki S  Masumizu T  Suda I  Furuta S  Du Z  Kikuchi S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(10):2992-2999

Stabilization of the levels of active oxygen species (AOS) is important to the survival of organisms. To clarify the system controlling levels of AOS in plants, this study used an electron spin resonance (ESR) method to directly measure superoxide radical (O(2)(.-)) scavenging activities in the wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana (Col and Ler ecotypes), two anthocyanin mutants (tt3 and ttg1), and an ascorbic acid mutant (vtc1). Under ordinary growth conditions, Arabidopsis contained superoxide-scavenging activity (SOSA) of approximately 300-500 SOD units/g of fresh weight. The ESR pattern indicated that most (40-50%) of this activity was due to ascorbic acid. For the analysis of SOSA under conditions of oxidative stress, synthesis of AOS was induced by gamma-irradiation. The radical scavenging activity in irradiated plants increased approximately 10-fold following an associated increase in the accumulation of ascorbic acid and anthocyanin. The accumulation of ascorbic acid and anthocyanin was suppressed by treatment with an antioxidant before irradiation and was induced by treatment with a radical-generating reagent. The contributions of ascorbic acid and anthocyanin to the total superoxide radical scavenging activity differed among ecotypes. In the Ler ecotype, ascorbic acid accumulated at twice the level of that in the Col ecotype, and induction of anthocyanin was half that in Col. To confirm the activity of ascorbic acid and anthocyanin against AOS stress, the viability of the wild type and mutants (tt2, tt3,tt5, ttg1, and vtc1) was examined after gamma-irradiation. Only the plants in which ascorbic acid and anthocyanin were induced had the ability to grow and flower.  相似文献   

Magnetic properties of the lunar crystalline rock and fines     

Nagata T  Ishikawa Y  Kinoshita H  Kono M  Syono Y  Fisher RM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(3918):703-704

Magnetic measurements have shown that nondiamagnetic minerals in a lunar crystalline rock of type B are (free Fe(2)+ in paramagnetic pyroxenes) : (antiferromagnetic FeSiO(3)) : (antiferromagnetic FeTiO(3)) : (ferromagnetic iron) = 4.3 : 7 : 20 : 0.08 in weight percentage. The abundance of ferromagnetic Fe in the lunar fines is about 7.5 times its abundance in the crystalline rock. The natural remanent magnetization of the crystalline rock of 7.5 x 10(-6) emu/ g in intensity may not be attributable to its thermoremanent magnetization.  相似文献   

Small-scale jetlike features in penumbral chromospheres     

Katsukawa Y  Berger TE  Ichimoto K  Lites BW  Nagata S  Shimizu T  Shine RA  Suematsu Y  Tarbell TD  Title AM  Tsuneta S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5856):1594-1597

We observed fine-scale jetlike features, referred to as penumbral microjets, in chromospheres of sunspot penumbrae. The microjets were identified in image sequences of a sunspot taken through a Ca II H-line filter on the Solar Optical Telescope on board the Japanese solar physics satellite Hinode. The microjets' small width of 400 kilometers and short duration of less than 1 minute make them difficult to identify in existing observations. The microjets are possibly caused by magnetic reconnection in the complex magnetic configuration in penumbrae and have the potential to heat the corona above a sunspot.  相似文献