Remote sensing of biotic and abiotic stress for irrigation management of cotton     

Nyland R. Falkenberg  Giovanni Piccinni  J. Tom Cothren  Daniel I. Leskovar  Charlie M. Rush 《Agricultural Water Management》2007

The applicability of commercially available remote sensing instrumentation was evaluated for site-specific management of abiotic and biotic stress on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown under a center pivot low energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation system. This study was conducted in a field where three irrigation regimes (100%, 75%, and 50% ET_c) were imposed on areas of Phymatotrichum (root rot) with the specific objectives to (1) examine commercial remote sensing instrumentation for locating areas showing biotic and abiotic stress symptomology in a cotton field, (2) compare data obtained from commercial aerial infrared photography to that collected by infrared transducers (IRTs) mounted on a center pivot, (3) evaluate canopy temperature changes between irrigation regimes and their relationship to lint yield with IRTs and/or IR photography, and (4) explore the use of deficit irrigation and the use of crop coefficients for irrigation scheduling. Pivot-mounted IRTs and an IR camera were able to differentiate water stress among irrigation regimes. The IR camera distinguished between biotic (root rot) and abiotic (drought) stress with the assistance of groundtruthing. The 50% ET_c regime had significantly higher canopy temperatures than the other two regimes, which was reflected in significantly lower lint yields when compared to the 75% and 100% ET_c regimes. Deficit irrigation down to 75% ET_c had no impact on lint yield, indicating that water savings were possible without reducing yield.  相似文献   

SONOGRAPHY OF THE EQUINE PALMAR METACARPAL SOFT TISSUES   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

John W.  Pharr  DVM  MS  Thomas G.  Nyland  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1984,25(6):265-273

It was hypothesized that ultrasonography may be a sensitive method for identifying pathologic changes in the tendons and ligaments of the palmar metacarpus of the horse. The palmar meta-carpi of equine cadavers and live horses were examined sonographically. The advantages and disadvantages of various ultrasound scanning techniques and the normal appearance of longitudinal and transverse palmar metacarpal sonograms are described.  相似文献   

Antegrade pyelography for suspected ureteral obstruction in cats: 11 cases (1995-2001)     

Adin CA  Herrgesell EJ  Nyland TG  Hughes JM  Gregory CR  Kyles AE  Cowgill LD  Ling GV 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(11):1576-1581

OBJECTIVE: o determine sensitivity and specificity of radiography, ultrasonography, and antegrade pyelography for detection of ureteral obstructions in cats. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 11 cats. PROCEDURE: Medical records of cats that had radiography, ultrasonography, and antegrade pyelography performed for suspected ureteral obstructions were examined. Ultrasound-guided pyelocentesis and fluoroscopic-assisted antegrade pyelography were performed on 18 kidneys in 11 cats. Obstructive ureteral lesions were confirmed in all cats by surgical or necropsy examination. Sensitivity and specificity of survey radiography, ultrasonography, and antegrade pyelography for identification of ureteral obstructions were calculated. Surgical or necropsy findings were used as the standard for comparison. RESULTS: All cats were azotemic. Mean +/- SD serum creatinine and BUN concentrations were 10.2 +/- 6.1 and 149 +/- 82 mg/dL, respectively. Fifteen of 18 ureters were found to be obstructed at surgery or necropsy. Sensitivity and specificity were 60 and 100% for radiography and 100 and 33% for ultrasonography, respectively, in identification of ureteral obstructions. Leakage of contrast material developed in 8 of 18 kidneys during antegrade pyelography and prevented diagnostic interpretation in 5 of 18 studies. For the 13 diagnostic studies, specificity and sensitivity were 100% by use of the antegrade pyelography technique. Correct identification of the anatomic location of the ureteral obstruction was obtained in 100% of diagnostic antegrade pyelography studies and in 60% of radiography or ultrasonography studies. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Antegrade pyelography can be a useful alternative in the diagnosis and localization of ureteral obstructions in azotemic cats, although leakage of contrast material may prevent interpretation of the study.  相似文献   

Sonography of the liver, gallbladder, and spleen     

T G Nyland  D A Hager 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1985,15(6):1123-1148

Focal hepatic and splenic lesions, vascular abnormalities, and disorders of the biliary system can readily be detected with ultrasonography. The sonographic appearance in certain cases may be nonspecific, but the differential diagnosis can be substantially narrowed when the presenting clinical signs are considered. Ultrasonography is less helpful when the liver or spleen is diffusely involved without parenchymal abnormalities. However, certain diseases may also be eliminated from diagnostic consideration on the basis of this finding. Percutaneous ultrasound guided biopsy markedly improves the success and safety of obtaining a definitive diagnosis when either diffuse or focal lesions are present. Sonography has also been very beneficial for serially evaluating the response to therapy once focal lesions of the liver or spleen have been identified.  相似文献   

HIGH-RESOLUTION PARATHYROID SONOGRAPHY     

Erik R.  Wisner  D V M  Dominique  Penninck  DVM  David S.  Biller  DVM  Edward C.  Feldman  DVM  Christiana  Drake  PhD  Thomas G.  Nyland  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1997,38(6):462-466

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of parathyroid ultrasonography to differentiate causes of hypercalcemia in dogs. We analyzed qualitative and quantitative ultrasound imaging findings and clinical pathology data from 33 dogs that underwent parathyroid ultrasound examination as part of the diagnostic evaluation for hypercalcemia. Diagnoses of the diseases causing hypercalcemia included parathyroid carcinoma (n = S), parathyroid adenoma (n = 15), parathyroid adenomatous hyperplasia (n = 6), chronic renal insufficiency (n = 3), and hypercalcemia of malignancy (n = 4). All parathyroid lesions were round or oval and hypoechoic compared with surrounding thyroid parenchyma. Adenomatous and adenocarcinomatous glands were 4 mm or larger in longest linear measurement on US examination and were statistically significantly larger than hyperplastic glands. (p < 0.001) Linear measurements of parathyroid glands acquired at the time of ultrasound examination correlated well with direct siz determination after surgical excision. (r²= 0.9, p < 0.0001) Parathyroid lesions <4 mm are highly suspicious for parathyroid adenoma or carcinoma, while US lesions <4 mm most likely represent primary adenomatous hyperplasia or secondary parathyroid hyperplasia. Parathyroid size estimation from ultrasound examination is an accurate predictor of true size.  相似文献   

Manipulation of Domestic Animal Embryos and Implications for Development   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

TG McEvoy 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2003,38(4):268-275

Assisted reproductive technologies, as applied to domestic animals, can exert both novel and wide‐ranging influences on the development, viability and welfare of offspring. Some of the changes are evident immediately or soon after the time at which a manipulative procedure is carried out, while other changes may not be evident until later in development or, perhaps, may remain undetected throughout an animal's lifetime. The present review explores some of the consequences – in terms of foetal, placental, neonatal and post‐natal effects – of exposing embryos of cattle, sheep and other species to in vitro culture per se or, during culture, to physically invasive technologies including gene injection and nuclear transfer. The innate sensitivity of oocytes and recently fertilized eggs to their in vitro environment is illustrated by an examination of the later developmental repercussions resulting from apparently innocuous choices related to in vitro culture medium formulations. In contrast, an inherent resilience and paradoxical readiness to resume development following the traumas of nuclear transfer procedures is also in evidence. The extent to which assisted reproductive technologies will succeed, where relevant, in the domestic animal sector will be influenced by our appreciation of embryo requirements, for both short‐ and long‐term developmental fitness, during their earliest developmental stages. Evidence of species‐specific needs is testimony to the challenges ahead. Ultimately, our ability and inclination to resolve the limitations associated with current procedures will probably be greatly enhanced if predictive indicators (genetic, epigenetic or functional markers) of later developmental fitness can be identified.  相似文献   

HEPATIC ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN DOGS WITH CANINE SURPERFICIAL NECROLYTIC DERMATITIS     

Thomas G.  Nyland  DVM  Paul Y.  Barthez  DVM  Theresa M.  Ortega  DVM  Corrine R.  Davis  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1996,37(3):200-205

A unique, "honeycomb" pattern was found on ultrasonographic evaluation of the liver of 5 dogs with canine superficial necrolytic dermatitis (hepatocutaneous syndrome). This pattern consisted of variably-sized, hypoechoic regions measuring 0.5–1.5 cm in diameter surrounded by highly echogenic borders. Histologically, the hypoechoic regions corresponded to distinct regenerative nodules bounded by severely vacuolated (fat-laden) hepatocytes, numerous bile ductules, and a network of reticulin and fine collagen fibers representing remnants of collapsed hepatic lobules. While certain features of the architectural disruption were characteristic of cirrhosis, the lesion lacked the extensive fibrosis and reduced liver size usually associated with chronic cirrhosis. To our knowledge, this hepatic ultrasonographic pattern has only been seen with canine superficial necrolytic dermatitis. Therefore, it appears to be pathognomonic in a dog with questinable skin lesions. A liver biopsy is required to confirm the unique histopathologic features of the hepatopathy found in this syndrome.  相似文献   

ULTRASONIC DETERMINATION OF KIDNEY VOLUME IN THE DOG     

Thomas G.  Nyland  DVM  Brett M.  Kantrowitz  DVM  †Paul  Fisher  Harvey J.  Olander  DVM  PHD‡  William J.  Hornof  DVM  MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1989,30(4):174-180

Canine kidney measurements were obtained in vivo using ultrasound before and after anesthesia and were compared with direct caliper measurements at laparotomy. Following excision, the kidney dimensions were also measured ultrasonically in a water bath and the results were used to calculate kidney -volume by a modified parallel planimetric method and three variations of a prolate ellipsoid method. The calculated volume was compared with actual kidney volume determined by volume displacement. All methods were found to underestimate actual volume so that a linear correction of ultrasonically calculated volume was required to predict actual volume. The modified parallel planimetric method and a prolate ellipsoid method using height and width determinations cranial and caudal to the renal pelvis were the best models. The prolate ellipsoid model was chosen for subsequent kidney volume calculations because of its simplicity. The noninvasive calculation of kidney volume using ultrasound was sufficiently accurate to be clinically useful, particularly when serially evaluating kidney size changes in the same dog.  相似文献   

ESTIMATION OF PORTAL BLOOD FLOW USING DUPLEX REAL-TIME AND PULSED DOPPLER ULTRASOUND IMAGING IN THE DOG     

Brett M.  Kantrowitz  DVM  Thomas G.  Nyland  DVM  Paul  Fisher  BS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1989,30(5):222-226

A duplex ultrasound system incorporating a pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound probe with conventional B-mode real-time imaging was used to evaluate portal vein blood flow in eight normal dogs. Adequate visualization of the cranial abdominal vessels was obtained from the right lateral 11th or 12th intercostal space. Doppler spectral analysis showed non-pulsatile flow with a wide range of linear flow velocities across the vessel lumen typical of laminar blood flow. Results for portal vein blood flows were 49.8 ± 13.5 ml/min/kg body weight (mean ± SD) with a range of 37.8 - 76.8 ml/min/kg body weight. These values overestimate portal blood flow by approximately 2 times when compared with published studies using invasive techniques. This overestimation is primarily due to the use of the maximal flow velocity in the blood flow calculations.  相似文献   

Assessment of tetracycline and Babesia culture supernatant as prophylactics for moderating reactions in cattle to live Babesia and Anaplasma vaccines     

WK JORGENSEN  RE BOCK  TG KINGSTON  AJ DE VOS  SJ WALDRON 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(1):35-36

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