排序方式： 共有11条查询结果，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
The breeding of wild animals for commercial purposes is becoming more frequent nowadays. This situation has led to an increase
in contact rates between wild and domestic animals, with subsequent reciprocal transmission of parasites. In this study, we
characterized the gastrointestinal and blood parasites of a group of 15 semi-captive guanacos (Lama guanicoe). We characterized gastrointestinal parasites by analyzing fecal samples through the sedimentation–flotation technique and
hemoparasites by using blood smears stained with Giemsa. We found several gastrointestinal parasites including Nematoda and
protozoans. The most frequently found parasites were Nematodirus sp. and Eimeria sp. In contrast with previous studies, neither Cestoda nor Fasciola were found. The only hemoparasite detected was Mycoplasma haemolamae, a parasite already described in llamas and alpacas. We conclude that the most frequent gastrointestinal parasites of semi-captive
guanacos were nematodes and protozoans. Also, the hemoparasite M. haemolamae seems to be prevalent among captive populations of South American camelids. Finally, captive guanacos share several parasites
with the traditional livestock. Therefore, keeping captive or semi-captive guanacos without an adequate sanitary protocol
might have adverse consequences to adjacent traditional cattle farming and/or for wild animals. 相似文献
2.
Peter R. Gildemacher Wachira Kaguongo Oscar Ortiz Agajie Tesfaye Gebremedhin Woldegiorgis William W. Wagoire Rogers Kakuhenzire Peter M. Kinyae Moses Nyongesa Paul C. Struik Cees Leeuwis 《Potato Research》2009,52(2):173-205
Increased productivity of potatoes can improve the livelihood of smallholder potato farmers in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia
and is required to meet the growing demand. This paper investigates the opportunities for potato system improvement that could
result in improved productivity. Through a diagnosis of the potato systems in the three countries on the basis of surveys
and stakeholder workshops, seed potato quality management, bacterial wilt control, late blight control and soil fertility
management were identified as key technical intervention topics. For effective problem solving in these areas, the functioning
of the potato innovation system requires improvement to better deliver the functions of potato marketing as well as knowledge
development and information exchange. With use of a ‘system failure framework’ the shortcomings of the potato innovation system
are identified and discussed and options for improvement are suggested. 相似文献
3.
4.
Kang&#;ethe Erastus K. Mulinge Erastus K. Skilton Robert A. Njahira Moses Monda Joseph G. Nyongesa Concepta Mbae Cecilia K. Kamwati Stanley K. 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):25-31
A total of 1,734 cattle faecal samples from 296 dairy-keeping households were collected from urban settings in Nairobi, Kenya. Modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining method and an immunofluorescence assay were used to identify those samples with Cryptosporidium oocyst infection. Oocysts from positive faecal samples were isolated by Sheather's sucrose flotation method and picked from the concentrate using cover slips. Genomic DNA was extracted from 124 of the faecal samples that were positive for Cryptosporidium and was used as template for nested PCR of the 18S rRNA gene. Twenty-five samples (20 %) were PCR-positive for Cryptosporidium, and 24 of the PCR products were successfully cloned and sequenced. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis identified 17 samples (68 %) as Cryptosporidium parvum-like, four samples (16 %) as Cryptosporidium ryanae, three samples (12 %) as Cryptosporidium andersoni and one sample (4 %) as Cryptosporidium hominis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genotyping study to report C. parvum-like, C. andersoni and C. hominis in cattle from Kenya. The results of this study show Cryptosporidium infections in calves and cattle may be potential zoonotic reservoirs of the parasite that infects humans. 相似文献
5.
Kang&#;ethe Erastus Kimani Violet Grace Delia Mitoko Grace McDermott Brigid Ambia Julie Nyongesa Concepta Mbugua Gabriel Ogara William Obutu Peninnah 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):41-46
This paper describes a trans-disciplinary process of co-generating and disseminating evidence-based messages for reducing the risk from cryptosporidiosis and other zoonoses in an urban community in Nairobi. Research findings about disease prevalence, risk factors and observed risky and risk-mitigating practices were analysed by a team comprising researchers, community members and local policy- and decision-makers. Using participatory planning, multiple strategies were developed for disseminating key information. We identified five vulnerable groups at higher risk of exposure to cryptosporidiosis and other cattle zoonoses with similar transmission pathways (women, children, elderly people, immunosuppressed people and male farm workers). For each group, targeted messages were developed. Good practices already in use, as were also practices as practices to improve environmental conditions. These messages were disseminated through printed material, in a workshop, through community campaigners and also an edutainment soap opera episode broadcast on Kenyan television. In conclusion, a participatory and trans-disciplinary process can help transform the findings of research into messages that are targeted, attractive and understandable. 相似文献
6.
EK Kang'ethe EK Mulinge RA Skilton M Njahira JG Monda C Nyongesa CK Mbae SK Kamwati 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(Z1):25-31
A total of 1,734 cattle faecal samples from 296 dairy-keeping households were collected from urban settings in Nairobi, Kenya. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method and an immunofluorescence assay were used to identify those samples with Cryptosporidium oocyst infection. Oocysts from positive faecal samples were isolated by Sheather's sucrose flotation method and picked from the concentrate using cover slips. Genomic DNA was extracted from 124 of the faecal samples that were positive for Cryptosporidium and was used as template for nested PCR of the 18S rRNA gene. Twenty-five samples (20?%) were PCR-positive for Cryptosporidium, and 24 of the PCR products were successfully cloned and sequenced. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis identified 17 samples (68?%) as Cryptosporidium parvum-like, four samples (16?%) as Cryptosporidium ryanae, three samples (12?%) as Cryptosporidium andersoni and one sample (4?%) as Cryptosporidium hominis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genotyping study to report C. parvum-like, C. andersoni and C. hominis in cattle from Kenya. The results of this study show Cryptosporidium infections in calves and cattle may be potential zoonotic reservoirs of the parasite that infects humans. 相似文献
7.
Benson Ouma Nyongesa Beatrice Ang’iyo Were Samuel Gudu Otto George Dangasuk Augustino Osoro Onkware 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2013,16(1):9-15
Genetic diversity of traditional sesame landraces and related wild species in East Africa remains largely unexplored. Knowing what fraction of the available genetic diversity is actually used by the farmers is of central importance for understanding how cultivation shapes the genetic structure of a crop and for the management of biodiversity preservation. Genetic diversity in cultivated sesame and related wild species in East Africa was determined using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR). Six reliable ISSR primers generated 51 amplification fragments of which 36 (70.6%) were polymorphic. The number of amplified fragments ranged from 7 to 12 with a mean of 8.5 fragments per primer. The overall gene diversity and Shannon’s index were 0.28 and 0.34, Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.26 to 0.96, with an average of 0.67. Forty-six accessions of sesame were divided into six clusters, although the clustering did not indicate any clear division among sesame accessions based on their geographical locations. Each wild species was more distant from cultivated sesame than from other wild species, indicating that no cross-pollination with these wild species occurred during sesame domestication. These results showed a relatively high genetic diversity in sesame and related wild species. Indian-1 and Indian-2 accessions showed a good amount of genetic divergence. The genetic diversity data uncovered in this study can be exploited to improve traditional landraces of sesame in East Africa. 相似文献
8.
Development and delivery of evidence-based messages to reduce the risk of zoonoses in Nairobi, Kenya
E Kang'ethe V Kimani D Grace G Mitoko B McDermott J Ambia C Nyongesa G Mbugua W Ogara P Obutu 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(Z1):41-46
This paper describes a trans-disciplinary process of co-generating and disseminating evidence-based messages for reducing the risk from cryptosporidiosis and other zoonoses in an urban community in Nairobi. Research findings about disease prevalence, risk factors and observed risky and risk-mitigating practices were analysed by a team comprising researchers, community members and local policy- and decision-makers. Using participatory planning, multiple strategies were developed for disseminating key information. We identified five vulnerable groups at higher risk of exposure to cryptosporidiosis and other cattle zoonoses with similar transmission pathways (women, children, elderly people, immunosuppressed people and male farm workers). For each group, targeted messages were developed. Good practices already in use, as were also practices as practices to improve environmental conditions. These messages were disseminated through printed material, in a workshop, through community campaigners and also an edutainment soap opera episode broadcast on Kenyan television. In conclusion, a participatory and trans-disciplinary process can help transform the findings of research into messages that are targeted, attractive and understandable. 相似文献
9.
Mutwedu V. B. Ayagirwe R. B. B. Bacigale S. B. Mwema L. M. Butseme S. Kashosi T. Mitima B. Manyawu G. J. Nyongesa A. W. 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(5):1195-1202
Tropical Animal Health and Production - The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of Mucuna pruriens seed meal (MSM) on sexual behavior, semen, and biochemical parameters in rabbit bucks.... 相似文献
10.
E Kange'the B McDermott D Grace C Mbae E Mulinge J Monda C Nyongesa J Ambia A Njehu 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(Z1):11-16
This paper reports a study estimating the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis, an emerging zoonosis, in people and cattle in Dagoretti, Nairobi. A repeated cross-sectional survey was carried out among randomly selected cattle keepers in Dagoretti, their dairy cattle and their non-cattle-keeping neighbours in the dry and wet seasons of 2006. A survey was also carried out among a group of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Faecal samples were examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method; 16?% of the samples were also examined using immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) technique. Quality control consisted of blind reviews of slides, examining split samples and confirming slide results with IFA. We found that members of dairy households had a dry season cryptosporidiosis prevalence of 4?% and wet season prevalence of 0.3?%, and non-dairy households, a prevalence of 5 and 0?%, respectively. The cattle dry season prevalence was 15?%, and the wet season prevalence, 11?%. The prevalence in people living with HIV was 5?%. The laboratory quality control system showed some inconsistency within and between different tests, indicating challenges in obtaining consistent results under difficult field and working conditions. In conclusion, this is the first reported study to simultaneously survey livestock, livestock keepers and their neighbours for cryptosporidiosis. We failed to find evidence that zoonotic cryptosporidiosis is important overall in this community. This study also draws attention to the importance of quality control and its reporting in surveys in developing countries. 相似文献