Effects of endurance racing on horse plasma extracellular particle miRNA     

Getúlio P. de Oliveira Jr  William F. Porto  Cintia C. Palu  Lydyane M. Pereira  Alessandra M. M. Reis  Tatiana G. Marçola  Antonio R. Teixeira-Neto  Octavio L. Franco  Rinaldo W. Pereira 《Equine veterinary journal》2021,53(3):618-627

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Effect of the Nixtamalization Process on the Dietary Fiber Content,Starch Digestibility,and Antioxidant Capacity of Blue Maize Tortilla     

Luis A. Bello‐Prez  Pamela C. Flores‐Silva  Gustavo A. Camelo‐Mndez  Octavio Paredes‐Lpez  Juan de Dios Figueroa‐Crdenas 《Cereal Chemistry》2015,92(3):265-270

Nixtamalization is an ancient process developed by the Mesoamerican cultures. Initially, volcanic ashes were used and then calcium hydroxide in commercial production, and more recently nixtamalization with calcium salts (NCS) has been proposed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of NCS on carbohydrate digestibility and antioxidant capacity in the elaboration of blue maize tortillas. NCS in blue tortillas showed a high amount of total dietary fiber (14.27 g/100 g), the main fraction being insoluble dietary fiber. The contents of resistant starch and slowly digestible starch did not change with the nixtamalization process. The predicted glycemic index value was lower in blue tortillas with the NCS process (58) than with the traditional nixtamalization process (71). In general, NCS in blue tortillas presented a higher antioxidant capacity than traditional tortillas (ferric reducing antioxidant power method), indicating that phenolics present in blue maize maintain their activity after cooking. It can be concluded that the nutraceutical features (high dietary fiber content and antioxidant capacity) of blue maize tortillas are enhanced when they are elaborated with the NCS process.  相似文献   

In vivo bioinsecticidal activity toward Ceratitis capitata (fruit fly) and Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) and in vitro bioinsecticidal activity toward different orders of insect pests of a trypsin inhibitor purified from tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica) seeds     

Araújo CL  Bezerra IW  Oliveira AS  Moura FT  Macedo LL  Gomes CE  Barbosa AE  Macedo FP  Souza TM  Franco OL  Bloch-J C  Sales MP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(11):4381-4387

A proteinaceous inhibitor with high activity against trypsin-like serine proteinases was purified from seeds of the tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica) by gel filtration on Shephacryl S-200 followed by a reverse-phase HPLC Vidac C18 TP. The inhibitor, called the tamarind trypsin inhibitor (TTI), showed a Mr of 21.42 kDa by mass spectrometry analysis. TTI was a noncompetitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 1.7 x 10(-9) M. In vitro bioinsecticidal activity against insect digestive enzymes from different orders showed that TTI had remarkable activity against enzymes from coleopteran, Anthonomus grandis (29.6%), Zabrotes subfasciatus (51.6%), Callosobruchus maculatus (86.7%), Rhyzopertha dominica(88.2%), and lepidopteron, Plodia interpuncptella (26.7%), Alabama argillacea (53.8%), and Spodoptera frugiperda (75.5%). Also, digestive enzymes from Diptera, Ceratitis capitata (fruit fly), were inhibited (52.9%). In vivo bioinsecticidal assays toward C. capitata and C. maculatus larvae were developed. The concentration of TTI (w/w) in the artificial seed necessary to cause 50% mortality (LD50) of larvae was 3.6%, and that to reduce mass larvae by 50.0% (ED50) was 3.2%. Furthermore, the mass C. capitata larvae were affected at 53.2% and produced approximately 34% mortality at a level of 4.0% (w/w) of TTI incorporated in artificial diets.  相似文献   

Influence of abomasal carbohydrates on small intestinal sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter activity and abundance in steers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rodriguez SM  Guimaraes KC  Matthews JC  McLeod KR  Baldwin RL  Harmon DL 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(10):3015-3023

Most animals adapt readily to increased supplies of carbohydrate in the intestinal lumen by increasing enzymes for degradation and increasing glucose transporter activity. However, the extent of upregulation of Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) activity and content in response to increased delivery of carbohydrate to the small intestinal lumen of ruminants is unclear. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of glucose and starch hydrolysate on the activity and abundance of SGLT1 in the small intestine of steers. In a randomized complete block design, 40 crossbred beef steers (243+/-2 kg BW) were fed 0.163 Mcal of ME/(kg BW0.75(d; W), 0.215 Mcal of ME/(kg BW0.75 x d; 2M), or 0.163 Mcal ME/(kg BW0.75 x d) and infused for 35 d into the rumen (R) or abomasum (A) with 12.6 g/(kg BW0.75 x d) of starch hydrolysate (S) or into the abomasum with 14.4 g/(kg BW0.75 x d) of glucose (G). Steers were slaughtered, and brush-border membrane vesicles were prepared from the small intestinal samples obtained from five equidistant sites along the intestine. Maltase activity in vesicles and homogenates differed with intestinal sampling site (quadratic, P < 0.001). Steers on the AG treatment yielded a greater intestinal maltase activity (38 nmol glucose x mg protein(-1) x min(-1)) compared with the AS, RS, W, or 2M treatments (34, 26, 23, and 23 nmol glucose x mg protein(-1) x min(-1) respectively [SEM = 3; P = 0.02]). Sodium-dependent glucose uptake averaged 18.4+/-3.94 pmol glucose/(mg protein x s) and was not affected by treatment, but uptake decreased distally along the intestine (P < 0.001). There was no effect of treatment on SGLT1 protein abundance, but SGLT1 protein abundance increased linearly from the duodenum to the ileum (P = 0.05). The inverse relationship between glucose uptake and SGLT1 abundance suggests that the regulation of brush border Na+-dependent glucose transport capacity is complex, involving factors other than the presence of luminal carbohydrate.  相似文献   

Serologic survey for Leptospira spp. in captive neotropical felids in Foz do Igua?u, Paraná, Brazil     

Ullmann LS  Hoffmann JL  de Moraes W  Cubas ZS  dos Santos LC  da Silva RC  Moreira N  Guimaraes AM  Camossi LG  Langoni H  Biondo AW 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2012,43(2):223-228

Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis of worldwide distribution and is endemic in tropical countries, where rodents and other wild mammals are abundant and may act as reservoirs. Leptospirosis has become a concern in captive wild animals, due mostly to their exposure to contaminated urine or environment. Although domestic cats (Felis catus) have been reported refractory to leptospirosis, serology and disease in captive wild felids is still unclear. In this study 57 adult, clinically healthy felids, including 1 Geoffroy's cat (Leopardus geoffroyi), 3 jaguarundis (Puma yagouaroundi), 17 margays (Leopardus wiedii), 22 little spotted cats (Leopardus tigrinus), and 14 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) kept in captivity at the Sanctuary at the Itaipu Binacional hydroelectric power plant (Bela Vista Biological Sanctuary), Foz do Iguacu City, Paraná State, Brazil, were serologically surveyed for the presence of antibodies against 28 serovars of Leptospira spp. by microagglutination test (MAT). Two animals (3.5%) were seropositive: one male ocelot to the serovar Cynopteri (titer 100) and one female margay to Autumnalis (100) and Butembo (200). The captive-born, 5-yr-old ocelot had been solitary housed in an individual cage. The approximately 21-yr-old wild-caught margay was also kept individually. None of the tested animals showed signs ofleptospirosis. During a study conducted 4 yr previously in the same facility, this particular margay also tested positive for the same two serovars, among others. The present study indicates that the felids tested for Leptospira spp. by MAT were exposed to serovars, but did not demonstrate clinical signs of disease. Comparison with a previous study suggests that serovar titers may vary over time and that leptospirosis dynamics remains unclear in wild felids.  相似文献   

Ultra‐thin sectioning and grinding of epoxy plastinated tissue     

Mircea Constantin Sora  Christoph von Horst  Octavio Lpez-Albors  Rafael Latorre 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(6):564-571

With classical sheet plastination techniques such as E12, the level and thickness of the freeze‐cut sections decide on what is visible in the final sheet plastinated sections. However, there are other plastination techniques available where we can look for specific anatomical structures through the thickness of the tissue. These techniques include sectioning and grinding of plastinated tissue blocks or thick slices. The ultra‐thin E12 technique, unlike the classic E12 technique, starts with the plastination of a large tissue block. High temperatures (30–60°C) facilitate the vacuum‐forced impregnation by decreasing the viscosity of the E12 and increasing the vapour pressure of the intermediary solvent. By sectioning the cured tissue block with a diamond band saw plastinated sections with a thickness of <300 μm can be obtained. The thickness of plastinated sections can be further reduced by grinding. Resulting sections of <100 µm are suitable for histological staining and microscopic studies. Anatomical structures of interest in thick plastinate slices can be followed by variable manual grinding in a method referred to as Tissue Tracing Technique (TTT). In addition, the tissue thickness can be adapted to the transparency or darkness of tissue types in different regions of the same plastinated section. The aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages of techniques based on sectioning and grinding of plastinated tissue (E12 ultra‐thin and TTT) compared to conventional sheet‐forming techniques (E12).  相似文献   

E12 technique: Conventional epoxy resin sheet plastination     

Rafael Latorre  Kees de Jong  Mircea‐Constantin Sora  Octavio Lpez‐Albors  Carlos Baptista 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(6):557-563

Epoxy plastination techniques were developed to obtain thin transparent body slices with high anatomical detail. This is facilitated because the plastinated tissue is transparent and the topography of the anatomical structures well preserved. For this reason, thin epoxy slices are currently used for research purposes in both macroscopic and microscopic studies. The protocol for the conventional epoxy technique (E12) follows the main steps of plastination—specimen preparation, dehydration, impregnation and curing/casting. Preparation begins with selection of the specimen, followed by freezing and slicing. Either fresh or fixed (embalmed) tissue is suitable for epoxy plastination, while slice thickness is kept between 1.5 and 3 mm. Impregnation mixture is made of epoxy E12 resin plus E1 hardener (100 ppw; 28 ppw). This mixture is reactive and temperature sensitive, and for this reason, total impregnation time under vacuum at room laboratory temperature should not last for more than 20–24 hr. Casting of impregnated slices is done in either flat chambers or by the so‐called sandwich method in either fresh mixture or the one used for impregnation. Curing is completed at 40°C to allow a complete polymerization of the epoxy‐mixture. After curing, slices can be photographed, scanned or used for anatomical study under screen negatoscope, magnification glass or fluorescent microscope. Based on epoxy sheet plastination, many anatomical papers have recent observations of and/or clarification of anatomical concepts in different areas of medical expertice.  相似文献   

Macromolecular Features of Amaranth Starch     

Luis Arturo Bello-Prez  Paul Colonna  Philippe Roger  Octavio Paredes-Lpez 《Cereal Chemistry》1998,75(4):395-402

High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), static light scattering (SLS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques were used for the structural characterization of amaranth starch, solubilized in water by microwave heating in a high-pressure vessel. Apparent average molar mass (M _w) gyration radius (R _G), and hydrodynamic radius (R _H) values were obtained from Berry and Zimm treatment of light-scattering data. When heating time increased from 35 to 90 sec, the M _w, R _G, and R _H decreased, demonstrating a possible polymer degradation due to temperature. Apparent M _r values from HPSEC at 35 sec (27 ± 2 × 10⁷ g/mol) and 50 sec (20 ± 2 × 10⁷ g/mol) were lower than those determined by SLS (35 sec = 69 × 10⁷ g/mol, 50 sec = 56 × 10⁷ g/mol). However, at 70 and 90 sec, the inverse pattern was obtained. The fractal dimensions (d′_f) from HPSEC study for samples dissolved for 35 (3.26), 50 (3.24), and 70 sec (3.14) are characteristic of a particle that has the internal structure of hard sphere, and for samples dissolved for 90 sec (2.19), are characteristic of a fully swollen, randomly branched macromolecule. From SLS, d′_f decreased with increasing treatment time (d′_f = 2.44, 2.18, 1.50, and 1.03 for 35, 50, 70, and 90 sec, respectively). The particle-scattering factors and Kratky plots, well-suited for studying the internal structure of a macromolecule, showed a sample degradation when treatment time increased. Results from DLS showed bimodal distributions with differences in the peak locations when treatment time increased. The ratio of R _G to R _H (ρ) for samples analyzed were between 0.88 and 1.3; these values are characteristic of a sphere or globular structure.  相似文献   

Phenolic Compounds,Antioxidant Activity and Lipid Profile of Huitlacoche Mushroom (Ustilago maydis) Produced in Several Maize Genotypes at Different Stages of Development     

Maribel Valdez-Morales  L. Céspedes Carlos  María Elena Valverde  Enrique Ramírez-Chávez  Octavio Paredes-López 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2016,71(4):436-443

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Muscle development and body growth in larvae and early post-larvae of shi drum, Umbrina cirrosa L., reared under different larval photoperiod: muscle structural and ultrastructural study     

Maria D. Ayala  Emilia Abellán  Marta Arizcun  Alicia García-Alcázar  F. Navarro  Alfonso Blanco  Octavio M. López-Albors 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(4):807-827

Shi drum specimens were maintained under four different photoperiod regimes: a natural photoperiod regime (16L:8D), constant light (24L), equal durations of light and dark (12L:12D) and a reduced number of daylight hours (6L:18D) from hatching until the end of larval metamorphosis. Specimens were then kept under natural photoperiod conditions until 111 days post-hatching. Muscle and body parameters were studied. During the vitelline phase, there was little muscle growth and no photoperiod effects were reported; however, a monolayer of red muscle and immature white muscle fibres were observed in the myotome. At hatching, external cells (presumptive myogenic cells) were already present on the surface of the red muscle. At the mouth opening, some presumptive myogenic cells appeared between the red and white muscles. At 20 days, new germinal areas were observed in the apical extremes of the myotome. At this stage, the 16L:8D group (followed by the 24L group) had the longest body length, the largest cross-sectional area of white muscle and the largest white muscle fibres. Conversely, white muscle hyperplasia was most pronounced in the 24L group. Metamorphosis was complete at 33 days in the 24L and 12L:12D groups. At this moment, both groups showed numerous myogenic precursors on the surface of the myotome as well as among the adult muscle fibres (mosaic hyperplastic growth). The 16L:8D group completed metamorphosis at 50 days, showing a similar degree of structural maturity in the myotome to that described in the 24L and 12L:12D groups at 33 days. When comparing muscle growth at the end of the larval period, hypertrophy was highest in the 16L:8D group, whereas hyperplasia was higher in the 24L and 16L:8D groups. At 111 days, all groups showed the adult muscle pattern typical of teleosts; however, the cross-sectional area of white muscle, white muscle fibre hyperplasia, body length and body weight were highest in the 24L group, followed by the 12L:12D group; white muscle hypertrophy was similar in all groups. Larval survival was higher under natural photoperiod conditions compared to all the other light regimes.  相似文献