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Liuwei Wang Yong Sik Ok Daniel C. W. Tsang Daniel S. Alessi Jörg Rinklebe Ondřej Mašek Nanthi S. Bolan Deyi Hou 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):14-38
Engineered biochars are promising candidates in a wide range of environmental applications, including soil fertility improvement, contaminant immobilization, wastewater treatment and in situ carbon sequestration. This review provides a systematic classification of these novel biochar composites and identifies the promising future trends in composite research and application. It is proposed that metals, minerals, layered double hydroxides, carbonaceous nanomaterials and microorganisms enhance the performances of biochars via distinct mechanisms. In this review, four novel trends are identified and assessed critically. Firstly, facile synthesis methods, in particular ball milling and co-pyrolysis, have emerged as popular composite fabrication strategies that are suitable for large-scale applications. Secondly, biochar modification with green materials, such as natural clay minerals and microorganisms, align well with the on-going green and sustainable remediation (GSR) movement. Furthermore, new applications in soil health improvement and climate change mitigation support the realization of United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Finally, the importance of field studies is getting more attention, since evidence of field success is critically needed before large-scale applications. 相似文献
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Fungal decomposition of and phosphorus transformation from spruce litter needles (Picea abies) were simulated in systems containing litter needles inoculated with individual saprotrophic fungal strains and their mixtures. Fungal strains of Setulipes androsaceus (L.) Antonín, Chalara longipes (Preus) Cooke, Ceuthospora pinastri (Fr.) Höhn., Mollisia minutella (Sacc.) Rehm, Scleroconidioma sphagnicola Tsuneda, Currah & Thormann and an unknown strain NK11 were used as representatives of autochthonous mycoflora. Systems were incubated for 5.5 months in laboratory conditions. Fungal colonization in systems and competition among strains were assessed using the reisolation of fungi from individual needles. After incubation, needles were extracted with NaOH and extracts were analysed using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Needle decomposition was determined based on the decrease in C:N ratio. Systems inoculated with the basidiomycete S. androsaceus revealed substantial decrease in C:N ratio (from 25.8 to 11.3) while the effect of ascomycetes on the C:N ratio was negligible. We suppose that tested strains of saprotrophic ascomycetes did not participate substantially in litter decomposition, but were directly involved in phosphorus transformation and together with S. androsaceus could transform orthophosphate monoesters and diesters from spruce litter needles into diphosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates. These transformations seem to be typical for saprotrophic fungi involved in litter needle decomposition, although the proportion of individual phosphorus forms differed among studied fungal strains. Phosphonate presence in needles after fungal inoculation is of special interest because no previous investigation recorded phosphonate synthesis and accumulation by fungi. Our results confirmed that the 31P NMR spectroscopy is an excellent instrumental method for studying transformations of soil organic phosphorus during plant litter decomposition. We suggest that polyphosphate production by S. androsaceus may contribute to the phosphorus cycle in forest ecosystems because this fungus is a frequent litter colonizer that substantially participates in decomposition. 相似文献
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Invasive Chinese pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana threatens native mussel reproduction by inducing cross‐resistance of host fish 
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下载免费PDF全文 Seth W. Donrovich Karel Douda Věra Plechingerová Kateřina Rylková Pavel Horký Ondřej Slavík Huan‐Zhang Liu Martin Reichard Manuel Lopes‐Lima Ronaldo Sousa 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(6):1325-1333
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Matys Grygar Tomáš Sedláček Jan Bábek Ondřej Nováková Tereza Strnad Ladislav Mihaljevič Martin 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(2):739-753
Regional contamination by Pb and Zn in southern Moravia (south-east part of the Czech Republic) in the twentieth century was
analysed in Brno Dam lake sediments and in floodplain sediments of the Morava River near Strážnice. The age model for the
Brno Dam lake sediments has been obtained by 137Cs (maxima corresponding to the nuclear tests in atmosphere and the 1986 Chernobyl accident) and the construction of the dam
(1940); the time constraints for the Morava River sediments was the erection of flood defences (1930s) and 210Pb dating. In the case of floodplain sediments, profiles exhibiting post-depositional mobilisation of heavy metals by pedogenic
processes (gleying) must be excluded to reconstruct the history of contamination. There was a relatively fast joint onset
of Pb and Zn load since the early stages of industrialisation in the first half of the twentieth century, but then the concentrations
of these two metals developed in a different manner. Pb load only slightly increased till its peak in 1960s and 1970s. The
increase of Zn load was rather stepwise: Soon before 1930s (Morava River floodplain) and in 1940s and 1950s (in Brno Lake),
the relative contamination by Zn was much lower than during its peak in the 1970s to the present days. The offset of Pb and
Zn contamination curves could have been caused by three different artificial sources of these heavy metals. The temporal shift
of Pb and Zn loads can be used for dating sediments. 相似文献
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Martin Mihaljevi? Vojt��ch Ettler Ond?ej ?ebek Ondra Sracek Bohdan K?��bek Tom��? Kyncl Vladim��r Majer Franti?ek Veselovsky 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,216(1-4):657-668
The composition of tree rings and soils was studied at several locations affected by smelting and transportation in the vicinity of Kitwe (Copperbelt, Zambia). The contents of cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb) and the 206Pb/207Pb isotope ratios in the tree rings were interpreted in relation to potential sources of contamination such as smelter production, acidification of the environment, soil composition, raw material processing, and atmospheric suspended particulate matter (SPM). The highest Co contents in the tree rings correspond to maximum ore production in the mid-1970s. Acidification through SO2 emissions is documented in the increased Mn contents from the mid-1980s. The isotopic composition of the tree rings of the studied tree species varies in the interval 1.16?C1.34 and the youngest parts of all the studied trees exhibit a low 206Pb/207Pb ratio (<1.17). The soil isotope composition varies in the range 206Pb/207Pb?=?1.18?C1.35. The Pb isotope composition in the soils and tree rings was formed by a combination of lithogenic Pb (206Pb/207Pb????1.3), Pb in processed ores (206Pb/207Pb????1.2), and SPM (automobile) Pb (206Pb/207Pb??1.1). As the soils in the distant region have high 206Pb/207Pb ratios (>1.3) in the whole profile and simultaneously the youngest parts of the tree rings of tree species growing in this soil have a low 206Pb/207Pb ratio (<1.17), it can be assumed that the Pb in the youngest parts of the tree species is derived from absorption of SPM Pb through the bark rather than root uptake. The absence of Pb with a low 206Pb/207Pb ratio in soils in the distant area is probably affected by fires in the herbaceous and bush undergrowth and plant litter, which prevents Pb from biomass from entering the soil and mobilize it back into the atmosphere. 相似文献
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Lubica Pospíšilová Markéta Komínková Ondřej Zítka René Kizek Gabriela Barančíková Tadeáš Litavec 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(6):517-528
Composition of humic acids (HA) is a function of plant-derived inputs, degradation processes regulated by microorganisms, organo-mineral interactions and age. Characterization of different origin humic substances is important for evaluation of their contribution to stabile and labile carbon pool in the environment. The relative abundance of chemical components in HA isolated from soils, compost, commercial lignohumates, alginite, acadiane and lignite was studied with aim to quantify content of important biomarkers such as amino acid, lipids and polyphenols. HA were considered as a heterogeneous complex and high concentration of peptides, polyphenols and lipids was determined in acadian-HA to compare with soil-HA. Compost-HA contained much more amino acids to compare with soil-HA samples. Alginite-HA and lignite-HA were similar in biomarkers content to soil-HA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that chemical composition and functional groups content differs with the origin, humification degree and the age of studied samples. Soil-HA are typically composed of a variety of ?OH, COOH?, C–O, C–H2, (aliphatic and aromatic) groups, quinines, lignin fragments, polysaccharide, monosaccharide and proteins fragments, which are linked together by ?O?, ?NH?, ?H=, >C=O, metal ions and –S? groups. 13C NMR spectroscopy showed that aromatic carbon content was the highest in lignite-HA and soil-HA. 相似文献
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Vacek Zdeněk Cukor Jan Vacek Stanislav Linda Rostislav Prokůpková Anna Podrázský Vilém Gallo Josef Vacek Oldřich Šimůnek Václav Drábek Ondřej Hájek Vojtěch Spasić Marko Brichta Jakub 《European Journal of Forest Research》2021,140(5):1243-1266
European Journal of Forest Research - In the time of ongoing climate change and the increasing area of post-mining landscape, the successful afforestation of reclamation sites by suitable adaptive... 相似文献
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Previous studies of oribatid mite feeding preferences for different saprotrophic fungi were limited to ubiquitous fungal species, whereas saprophytes specialized to decompose particular substrates have been neglected. We examined the preference of seven oribatid mite species (Adoristes ovatus, Eniochthonius minutissimus, Eueremaeus silvestris, Nothrus silvestris, Oppiella subpectinata, Porobelba spinosa and Spatiodamaeus verticillipes) for nine autochthonous saprotrophic fungi from Scots pine litter (Pinus sylvestris). Among the fungal species offered were specific coniferous litter colonizers (Allantophomopsis lycopodina, Ceuthospora pinastri, Hormonema dematioides, Scleroconidioma sphagnicola, Verticicladium trifidum, Marasmius androsaceus and Sympodiella acicola) and two ubiquitous species (Cladosporium herbarum and Oidiodendron griseum). The fungi were inoculated on fragments of pine needles and offered simultaneously and separately to the mites. Our main hypothesis, that oribatid mites (usually occurring in more than one type of ecosystems) would prefer the ubiquitous fungal species rather than those specific to pine litter, was supported only partly. The ubiquitous C. herbarum was highly preferred by all studied mites, but most of them preferred one or more of the specialized fungi with similar intensity. The basidiomycete M. androsaceus along with sterile needles were consistently avoided by all mites in all experiments. Our results do not support the hypothesis, that the “true” fungivorous oribatid mites in traditional sense are more selective fungal feeders than are the “unspecialized” panphytophagous ones. We observed no gradation in preference of fungi for oribatid mites as a group, but rather a discontinuous and dynamic mosaic with particular mites preferring particular fungal species. This heterogeneous mosaic shapes the feeding niches occupied by particular oribatid mite species and probably reduces competition for food source among numerous species coexisting in a given habitat and time. 相似文献