Association of a Geminivirus with a Leaf Curl Disease of Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea) in India     

S.K. Raj  R. Singh  S.K. Pandey  B.P. Singh 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(5):467-470

Natural occurrence of a geminivirus causing severe leaf curl disease on sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) was recorded in India. The association of a geminivirus with the disease was demonstrated by whitefly transmission tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA fragments of expected sizes with three pairs of degenerate geminivirus primers. The PCR-amplified viral DNA fragments were further characterized by Southern hybridization with a geminivirus probe consisting of the cloned coat protein (CP) gene of Indian tomato leaf curl virus (ITLCV). Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a PCR-amplified CP fragment revealed that the geminivirus from sunn hemp was different than ITLCV.  相似文献   

Organic zinc and copper supplementation on antioxidant protective mechanism and their correlation with sperm functional characteristics in goats          下载免费PDF全文

M Narasimhaiah  A Arunachalam  S Sellappan  VK Mayasula  PR Guvvala  SK Ghosh  V Chandra  J Ghosh  H Kumar 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(3):644-654

Trace minerals feeding had significant effects on sperm production and fertility with better absorption and proper utilization within the body for optimum reproductive function. Several studies have shown that more influenced trace elements in the diets of animals are copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Bucks showing deficiency of this mineral might affect the quality of semen production which in turn would affect the fertility. This experiment was thus designed to test the effects of organic Cu and Zn supplementation on antioxidants enzyme activities and sperm functional attributes in fresh semen of bucks. Forty bucks (n = 40, Aged 5 months) were assigned to ten groups of four animals in each group, supplemented (for a period of 8 months) with different levels of organic Zn: 20 mg (T2), 40 mg (T3) and 60 mg (T4), organic Cu: 12.5 mg (T5), 25 mg (T6), 37.5 mg (T7) and combined organic Zn and Cu: 20 + 12.5 mg (T8), 40 + 25 mg (T9), 60 + 37.5 mg (T10), respectively, per kg dry matter and no additional mineral diet (control; T1). One hundred and sixty semen samples were collected through electro‐ejaculator and analysed for sperm quantity, quality, acrosome intactness and plasma membrane integrity and correlated with the catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzyme activities in seminal plasma. The results indicated organic Cu and zinc supplemented bucks produced more sperm cells, had higher sperm concentrations, maintained higher (p < .01) sperm livability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, more motility and velocity. The increased antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced oxidative stress and lowered lipid peroxidation were positively correlated (p < .05) with the sperm functional attributes. In conclusion, organic Cu and Zn supplement to male goats showed protective roles against oxidative damage and maintained better fresh semen characteristics.  相似文献   

Saccharum spontaneum: an underutilized tall grass for revegetation and restoration programs     

Vimal Chandra Pandey  Omesh Bajpai  Deep Narayan Pandey  Nandita Singh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2015,62(3):443-450

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Studies on production performance and toxin residues in tissues and eggs of layer chickens fed on diets with various concentrations of aflatoxin AFB1   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pandey I  Chauhan SS 《British poultry science》2007,48(6):713-723

1. An experiment on 1-week-old, White Leghorn female chicks was conducted to study the effect of aflatoxin AFB1 on weight gain, feed intake, feed gain ratio, age at sexual maturity, production and quality of eggs, retention of nutrients, pathoanatomical and histopathological parameters, and also on AFB1 residues in eggs and muscles of hens. The chicks were assigned to 4 dietary treatments: D1 (without AFB1), D2 (2.50 mg/kg AFB1), D3 (3.13 mg/kg AFB1), D4 (3.91 mg/kg AFB1) up to the age of 40 weeks. 2. At the end of the experiment, the mean body weight gain and feed intake were significantly lower in all aflatoxin-fed groups compared to control. The feed gain ratios were noted as 13.41, 13.59, 13.82 and 14.71, with the group fed the highest concentration of AFB1 showing a significantly poorer ratio than other groups. 3. Age at sexual maturity was also affected adversely by dietary AFB1: 193 d for D4 as compared to as early as 148 d for D1. Hen-d egg production was recorded as 96.92, 74.67, 65.98 and 50.75 in D1, D2, D3 and D4, respectively. 4. Average egg weights at the end of the experiment were 57.77, 57.49, 57.54 and 54.66 for D1, D2, D3 and D4, respectively. Shape index was significantly lower in D4 as compared to control. Contrary to this, albumen index was significantly higher in D4 as compared to D1. The values of yolk indices and eggshell thickness did not differ significantly among treatment groups. However, colour of yolk was reduced in all aflatoxin-fed groups compared to control. 5. Retentions of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, calcium and metabolisable energy were adversely affected at various levels of AFB1 compared to control. 6. Pathoanatomical and histopathological studies showed various adverse changes in liver, kidney, heart, ovaries and bursa of Fabricius in AFB1-fed groups. 7. Different amounts of aflatoxin residues were detected in eggs and breast muscles of hen in all AFB1-fed groups.  相似文献   

Comprehensive transcriptional profiling and functional study of lymphangiogenic growth factor in placentome of early-stage pregnant water buffalo     

Pooja A. R.  Yogesh Pandey  Meeti Punetha  Anju Kala  Hari Abdul Samad  Gyanendra Singh  Vikrant Singh Chouhan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2023,58(1):60-72

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression and localization of lymphangiogenic factors (VEGF-C and VEGF-D), their receptor (VEGFR3) and lymphatic endothelial marker (LYVE1) in buffalo placenta during early pregnancy [EP], and to investigate the functional role of lymphangiogenic growth factors in placental lymphangiogenesis. The mRNA and protein expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, their receptor VEGFR3 and LYVE1 showed significant expression in EP1 (29–42 days) and EP2 stages (51–82 days) both in caruncle (maternal part) and cotyledon (foetal part) of the buffalo placenta. Immunoreactivity of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and LYVE1 was observed around the endometrial gland, in lymphatics and trophoblast cells, whereas VEGFR3 mainly localized in lymphatics of the caruncle and cotyledons. Cultured trophoblast cells were treated with VEGF-C/VEGF-D (50, 100 and 150 ng/ml) and combined doses of VEGF-C and VEGF-D (150 ng/ml) each for different time durations (24, 48 and 72 h). The mRNA expression of LYVE1 and PCNA was significantly (p < .001) upregulated with VEGF-C and VEGF-D and combined treatment (@150 ng/ml), as well as significantly downregulating Caspase-3 at 48 and 72 h. Thus, the present study provides evidence that lymphangiogenic factors are expressed in buffalo placental compartments and they may play a significant role in the regulation of placental function in water buffaloes.  相似文献   

Surface drainage requirement of crops: Application of a piecewise linear model for evaluating submergence tolerance     

S. K. Gupta  R. K. Singh  R. S. Pandey 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1992,6(3):249-261

Crop tolerance to land submergence is an important criterion for designing a surface drainage system for agricultural lands. This paper collates the available data from various places in India related to the studies on the submergence tolerance of crops. The paper hypothesizes that a piecewise linear model could be used to describe crop response to land submergence. According to this hypothesis, there would be no yield decline for a few initial days of submergence. If submergence continues beyond this period then there would be linear decline in yield. The unknown parameters in the model are: optimum yield, threshold time and the slope which represents the per cent yield reduction per day of additional submergence beyond the threshold.Data in respect of wheat, pigeon peas, cowpeas, pearlmillet, maize and groundnuts indicate that the model describes the data well, although in many cases the threshold is 0.0. The yield reduction varies from 5.3 to 23.2% for each day of submergence beyond the threshold. It appears that to allow for more than 1–2 days of submergence will result in more than 10% reducation in yield of dryfoot crops. For the maize crop, the seedling stage is the most sensitive stage followed by the silking stage. The grain formation stage is the least sensitive, although even at this stage the threshold is 0.0 and yield reduction is 9.3% for each day of submergence beyond the threshold. The data for 9 test crops from Texas and Venezuela were well described by the model. It is concluded that the piecewise linear model is a useful tool for describing submergence tolerance of crops and for working out surface drainage requirements for a given level of yield reduction. Frequency analysis of the daily rainfall data from some selected locations indicates that there is every likelihood of submergence at most of the stations. It is suggested that there is an urgent need for developing wet farming techniques analogous to dry farming techniques.  相似文献   

Influence of crop establishment methods on yield,economics and water productivity of rice cultivars under upland and lowland production ecologies of Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains     

Rishi Raj  Anil Kumar  I. S. Solanki  Shiva Dhar  Anchal Dass  Ashish Kumar Gupta  Vikash Kumar  C. B. Singh  R. K. Jat  U. C. Pandey 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(4):861-877

A field study on assessment of crop establishment methods on yield, economics and water productivity of rice cultivars under upland and lowland production ecologies was conducted during wet seasons (June–November) of 2012 and 2013 in Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. The experiment was laid-out in a split-plot design (SPD) and replicated four times. The main-plot treatments included three crop establishment methods, viz. dry direct-seeded rice (DSR), system of rice intensification (SRI) and puddled transplanted rice (PTR). In sub-plots, five rice cultivars of different groups like aromatic (Improved Pusa Basmati 1 and Pusa Sugandh 5), inbreds (PNR 381 and Pusa 834) and hybrid (Arize 6444) were taken for their evaluations. These two sets of treatments were laid-out simultaneously in two production ecologies, upland and lowland during both years. In general, lowland ecology was found favourable for rice growth and yield and resulted in 13.2% higher grain yield as compared to upland ecology. Rice grown with SRI method produced 19.4 and 7.0% higher grain yield in 2012 and 20.6 and 7.1% higher in 2013, over DSR and PTR. However, PTR yielded 13.1 and 14.5% higher grain over DSR during 2012 and 2013, respectively. On an average, Arize 6444 produced 26.4, 26.9, 28.9 and 54.7% higher grain yield as compared to PS 5, P 834, PNR 381 and IPB1, respectively. Further, the interaction of production ecologies × crop establishment methods revealed that, in upland ecology, SRI recorded significantly higher grain yield as compared to PTR and DSR, but in lowland, grain yield resulting from SRI was similar to the yield obtained with PTR and significantly higher than DSR. The latter two methods (PTR and DSR) yielded alike in lowland ecology in both study years. The production ecologies × crop establishment methods × cultivars interaction on grain yield showed that the growing of Arize 6444 cultivar using SRI method in upland ecology resulted in the higher grain yield (8.87 t/ha). But the cost of production was also highest in SRI followed by PTR and DSR across production ecologies and cultivars. Cultivation of hybrid (Arize 6444) involved higher cost of production than all other cultivars. Irrespective of crop establishment methods and cultivars, gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio were significantly higher in lowland compared to upland ecology. Owing to higher grain yield, SRI method fetched significantly higher gross returns and net returns over PTR and DSR. Average increase in net return with Arize 6444 was 68.8, 41.0, 37.7 and 33.1% over IPB 1, PNR 381, P 834 and PS 5, respectively. There was a saving of 30.7% water in SRI and 19.9% in DSR over PTR under upland ecology. Similarly in lowland ecology, water saving of 30.2% was observed in SRI and 21.2% in DSR over PTR. Due to higher yield and saving on water, SRI returned significantly higher total water productivity (TWP) (5.9 kg/ha-mm) as compared to DSR (3.5 kg/ha-mm) and PTR (3.6 kg/ha-mm) under upland ecology. In lowland ecology, also SRI (6.2 kg/ha-mm) resulted in higher TWP as compared to other two methods. However, DSR gave significantly higher TWP as compared to PTR. Among cultivars, hybrid Arize 6444 recorded the highest TWP in both upland and lowland production ecologies across crop establishment methods. Hence, growing of hybrid Arize 6444 with SRI method can enhance rice productivity and water-use efficiency in lowland and upland production ecologies of Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains and in other similar regions.  相似文献   

Biocontrol potential of Pseudomonas azotoformans,Serratia marcescens and Trichoderma virens against Fusarium wilt of Dalbergia sissoo     

Sabyasachi Banerjee  Seema Singh  Shailesh Pandey  Maneesh S. Bhandari  Amit Pandey  Krishna Giri 《Forest Pathology》2020,50(2)

Wilt disease caused by Fusarium solani is a serious constraint to Dalbergia sissoo (shisham) plantations in northern India. In this study, the antagonistic potential of 40 bacterial isolates recovered from rhizophere soil of healthy shisham trees, and a well‐characterized Trichoderma species (Trichoderma virens) were tested for their possibility as biocontrol agents for F. solani. Two promising isolates (S1 and S15) were identified which inhibited pathogen growth, caused chitin degradation, produced siderophores and solubilized phosphate in vitro. Isolate S15 scored highest for hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production while isolate S1 was a non‐HCN producer. These two isolates were identified as Serratia marcescens (S1) and Pseudomonas azotoformans (S15) following sequence analysis of 16S rDNA. In dual culture assays, T. virens caused 80% inhibition of mycelial growth of the test fungus. The three selected antagonists when tested in planta in the glasshouse completely suppressed production of wilt symptoms on 12‐month‐old shisham plants. Further work is needed to ascertain the potential of these isolates to be used as biocontrol agents to manage shisham wilt under field conditions.  相似文献   

Exploring phosphorus fertilizers and fertilization strategies for improved human and environmental health     

Bindraban  Prem S.  Dimkpa  Christian O.  Pandey  Renu 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2020,56(3):299-317

Biology and Fertility of Soils - Mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers support high crop yields and contribute to feeding the teeming global population. However, complex edaphic processes cause P to...  相似文献   

First report of a geminivirus causing leaf curl disease on Trigonella corniculata evidenced by PCR using degenerate primers     

S. K. Raj  S. K. Pandey  G. Chandra  B. P. Singh  R. K. Gupta 《EPPO Bulletin》2001,31(1):115-117

A leaf curl and mottle disease was observed naturally affecting plants of Trigonella corniculata. A geminivirus was detected in infected plants by PCR using degenerate geminivirus primers and by Southern hybridization with a probe specific to tomato leaf curl begomovirus. This is the first report of a member of the Geminiviridae naturally occurring in T. corniculata.  相似文献