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1.
M. K. Shikh Alsook N. Antoine J. Piret N. Moula V. Busoni J.‐M. Denoix A. Gabriel 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2013,42(6):461-470
The third interosseous muscle (suspensory ligament, TIOM) is composed of connective tissue (CT) with a variable proportion of muscle (MT) and adipose tissue (AT). The aim of our study is to quantify the CT, MT and AT within the body and the branches of right thoracic and pelvic limbs TIOM in sound horses to determine whether there are differences in CT, MT and AT between age, sex, limbs and levels. Right limbs from 11 sound horses were collected. Samples from 6 levels of the TIOM were embedded in paraffin or in Tissue‐Tek®. Most of the paraffin sections were shredded. Using the cryosection, some artefacts appeared. Cryoprotection was carried out, which produced the best results. Hematoxylin–phloxine–saffron and Hematoxylin–eosin gave a good contrast of colours between the tissues observed allowing the use of an image analysis programme to calculate percentage of each tissue within the TIOM. The percentage of MT and AT decreased significantly (P < 0.0001), whereas the percentage of CT increased significantly (P < 0.0001) with age and when descending from the proximal to the distal level of the TIOM. The percentage of MT was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in females than males, while the percentage of CT was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in males than females. The percentage of AT was significantly higher (P = 0.0278) in pelvic limbs than in thoracic limbs. These results confirm the variation in tissue composition within the TIOM of sound horses. 相似文献
2.
Piret Kalmus Birgit Aasm?e Age K?rssin Toomas Orro Kalle Kask 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):4
Background
The goal of this study was to estimate the distribution of udder pathogens and their antibiotic resistance in Estonia during the years 2007-2009.Methods
The bacteriological findings reported in this study originate from quarter milk samples collected from cows on Estonian dairy farms that had clinical or subclinical mastitis. The samples were submitted by local veterinarians to the Estonian Veterinary and Food Laboratory during 2007-2009. Milk samples were examined by conventional bacteriology. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with the disc diffusion test. Logistic regression with a random herd effect to control for clustering was used for statistical analysis.Results
During the study period, 3058 clinical mastitis samples from 190 farms and 5146 subclinical mastitis samples from 274 farms were investigated. Positive results were found in 57% of the samples (4680 out of 8204), and the proportion did not differ according to year (p > 0.05). The proportion of bacteriologically negative samples was 22.3% and that of mixed growth was 20.6%. Streptococcus uberis (Str. uberis) was the bacterium isolated most frequently (18.4%) from cases of clinical mastitis, followed by Escherichia coli (E. coli) (15.9%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (Str. agalactiae) (11.9%). The bacteria that caused subclinical mastitis were mainly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (20%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (15.4%). The probability of isolating S. aureus from milk samples was significantly higher on farms that had fewer than 30 cows, when compared with farms that had more than 100 cows (p < 0.005). A significantly higher risk of Str. agalactiae infection was found on farms with more than 600 cows (p = 0.034) compared with smaller farms. The proportion of S. aureus and CNS isolates that were resistant to penicillin was 61.4% and 38.5%, respectively. Among the E. coli isolates, ampicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline resistance were observed in 24.3%, 15.6% and 13.5%, respectively.Conclusions
This study showed that the main pathogens associated with clinical mastitis were Str. uberis and E. coli. Subclinical mastitis was caused mainly by S. aureus and CNS. The number of S. aureus and Str. agalactiae isolates depended on herd size. Antimicrobial resistance was highly prevalent, especially penicillin resistance in S. aureus and CNS. 相似文献3.
Piret Kalmus Toomas Orro Andres Waldmann Raivo Lindj?rv Kalle Kask 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2009,51(1):32
Background
The main objective of this study was to estimate the effect of supplementation with Saccaromyces cerevisiae (SC) (Yea-Sacc® 1026) on milk production, metabolic parameters and the resumption of ovarian activity in early lactation dairy cows.Methods
The experiment was conducted during 2005/2006 in a commercial tied-house farm with an average of 200 milking Estonian Holstein Friesian cows. The late pregnant multiparous cows (n = 46) were randomly divided into two groups; one group received 10 g yeast culture from two weeks before to 14 weeks after calving. The groups were fed a total mixed ration with silages and concentrates. Milk recording data and blood samples for plasma metabolites were taken. Resumption of luteal activity was determined using milk progesterone (P4) measurements. Uterine bacteriology and ovarian ultrasonography (US) were performed and body condition scores (BCS) and clinical disease occurrences were recorded. For analysis, the statistical software Stata 9.2 and R were used to compute Cox proportional hazard and linear mixed models.Results
The average milk production per cow did not differ between the groups (32.7 ± 6.4 vs 30.7 ± 5.3 kg/day in the SC and control groups respectively), but the production of milk fat (P < 0.001) and milk protein (P < 0.001) were higher in the SC group. There was no effect of treatment on BCS. The analysis of energy-related metabolites in early lactation showed no significant differences between the groups. In both groups higher levels of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) appeared from days 14 to 28 after parturition and the concentration of non-esterfied fatty acid (NEFA) was higher from days 1–7 post partum (PP). According to US and P4 results, all cows in both groups ovulated during the experimental period. The resumption of ovarian activity (first ovulations) and time required for elimination of bacteria from the uterus did not differ between the groups.Conclusion
Supplementation with SC had an effect on milk protein and fat production, but did not influence the milk yield. No effects on PP metabolic status, bacterial elimination from the uterus nor the resumption of ovarian activity were found. 相似文献4.
Toppets V Defaweux V Piret J Kirschvink N Grobet L Antoine N 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,141(1-2):26-32
Although the alimentary tract has been suggested as the most likely portal of entry in natural scrapie, a growing amount of data indicates that the respiratory system and more specifically the pharyngeal tonsils serve as a natural portal of entry for scrapie. This study describes for the first time the broad cell populations in the lymphoid compartment of pharyngeal tonsils and more specifically inside the lymphoid follicles where the scrapie agent accumulates during the period of latency. Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), stromal cells located in the light zone of the germinal centre of lymphoid follicles, seem to be the principal causal factor in the accumulation of the infectious agent in transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) diseases. Knowing that efficient lymphoreticular prion propagation requires PrPc expression, we analysed the expression of PrPc with the mouse monoclonal antibody Pri 909 both in situ and on FDC-cluster-enriched cell suspensions. In situ, a positive staining was observed in the germinal centre of pharyngeal lymph follicles. The germinal centre labelling was due to the presence of a follicular dendritic network as revealed after immunogold staining of isolated FDC clusters. Our results suggest that the pharyngeal lymphoreticular system and more specifically PrPc expressing follicular dendritic cells could serve as a prion "reservoir" during the latency phase, thus playing a key role during the scrapie lymphoinvasion. 相似文献
5.
Moustafa Salouci Nadine Antoine Mohamad Khir Shikh Al Sook Joëlle Piret Yvan Mignon Nathalie Kirschvink Annick Gabriel 《Veterinary research communications》2014,38(4):279-285
Astroglial account for the largest glial population in the brain and play a variety of vital functions in the development of the central nervous system (CNS). An immunohistochemical study was performed in 19 ovine foetuses ranging from 2 to 5 months of gestation, one newborn lamb and three adult sheep. Using the anit-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) marker, several variations were found in the degree of GFAP positive (GFAP+) astrocyte distribution between the different zones in the cerebellum of sheep during brain development. Our study indicates that the first appearance of astrocytes from restricted zones in the cerebellum occurs around the eighth week of gestation. Bergmann cells were found to be present from around the 15th week of gestation onwards. Our findings suggest that the maturation of astrocytes begins in the caudal parts of the cerebellum, developing from their initial ventral regions to spread first to dorsal regions radially within the white matter, then followed by the more rostral parts of the cerebellum. Astrocytes were also found to proliferate in the vermis before appearing in the cerebellar hemispheres. 相似文献
6.
Knowledge of the changes in cattle pelvic symphysis during gestation and obstetrics gives valuable information about the age of optimal primary calving of cows. The aim of the study was to investigate the histological changes of pelvic symphysis in Estonian Holstein-Frisian＇s （EHF） of different ages. Eight EHF cows up to five years of their age were divided into three age groups： calved, in-calved and after calved bovines. Material for histological and histochemical investigation was taken from four places： （1） cranial part ofpubic bone; （2） pubo-ischiadic junction; （3） symphyseal eminence; （4） body of the interischiadic bone. In all study-groups, the cranial part of pubic bone consisted of cartilage. In pubo-ischiadic junction of calves connective tissue proper, fibrous and hyaline cartilage were noted. In in-calved cattle with gestation of 4-5 months and in after calved cattle group hyaline cartilage and bone tissue were noted, however in in-calved cattle with gestation of 7.5 months fibrous cartilage and connective tissue proper prevalated. In sympyseal eminence of calves connective cartilage osseous tissue was present. The region of interischiadic tissue proper and cartilage were noted; in other groups besides bone of calves consisted of connective tissue proper and fibrous cartilage, meanwhile in in-calved and after calved EHF＇s in the region hyaline cartilage and osseous tissue prevalated. These preliminary results demonstrate that the main changes in the pelvic symphysis histology, retardation of ossification, of EHF kines occur during the second-half of gestation in the pubo-ischiadic junction. 相似文献
7.
Three all-female strains of large rainbow trout imported to Estonia (Danish, Finnish and Donaldson strain) were evaluated in a communal rearing experiment in tanks. The fish had been reared on different fish farms before the experiment started and they had an initial weight of 400–500 g. There were no significant genetic differences between the investigated strains on the basis of three allozyme loci. The total weight gain of the strains during the trial was similar but differences were revealed between seasons. The growth rate of the Finnish trout was high during the first autumn but decreased during the second summer of the trial, probably due to infestation by eye fluke Diplostomum sp. The strains differed in the percentage of immature fish and in the level of gonad development at the age of 2.5–3 years. The Donaldson strain had the highest number of immature fish of the studied strains. Mature females of the Finnish strain had the smallest gonads but also the lowest percentage of immature fish. The level of maturation was the main factor determining the quality – slaughter yield and flesh color. 相似文献
8.
Large uprooted trees are typical old-forest structures that provide distinct microsites for sessile organisms. While the habitat value of treefall pits for plants is relatively well known, the characteristic exposed root-plates of treefall mounds, which may require different management, have received less attention. The aim of the current study was to explore key factors of lichen incidence and their community characteristics on root-plates. We mapped and described treefall mounds in 24 stands (2 ha each) in a balanced design representing mixed stands of two site types (mesotrophic; drained swamp) and two management types (old growth, mature commercial forest) in hemiboreal Estonia. First, the occurrence of any lichens and of a specialized pin lichen, Chaenotheca furfuracea, was recorded on all 1207 mounds found. According to multi-level logistic regression models, their incidence depended on every mound-scale variable tested: there were independent positive effects of root-plate area and treefall age, spruce treefall, and the absence of exposed pit. In contrast, weak stand-scale effects only appeared when their interactions with mound-scale variables were included or some main effects were eliminated. C. furfuracea also occurred more frequently where other inhabited root-plates were nearby, and such dispersal limitation interacted with habitat quality. Secondly, full lichen communities were described in detail on a subsample of 84 root-plates of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Altogether 48 lichen species were recorded, including eight red-listed or nationally rare species. The communities on large fresh root-plates and in mature drained stands had distinct species composition, while communities of older mounds and in old-growth stands converged in species composition. We conclude that lichen incidence on root-plates is mostly determined by colonization probability, and commercial forests can support a diverse lichen biota when large treefall mounds, particularly of P. abies and of >10 years age are provided. However, given some differences of lichen communities in old growth, and because treefall issues conflict with other management objectives in commercial forests, optimised management of treefall areas there should be complemented by their strict protection in reserves. 相似文献
9.
Mechanoreceptors in the Anterior Horn of the Equine Medial Meniscus: an Immunohistochemical Approach 
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下载免费PDF全文 E. Nemery A. Gabriel S. Grulke J. Piret V. Toppets N. Antoine 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2016,45(2):131-139
Lameness due to stifle and especially meniscal lesions is frequent in equine species. In humans, mechanoreceptors involved in proprioceptive function are well studied. Given the high incidence of meniscal injuries in horses, and the lack of information concerning them in equine menisci, our objective was to study these corpuscles in six healthy anterior horns of the equine medial meniscus, which is the most common localisation reported for equine meniscal injuries. Immunohistochemical stainings were performed using antibodies against high molecular weight neurofilaments and glial fibrillary acidic proteins. From a purely fundamental point of view, our work highlights for the first time the presence of Ruffini, Pacini and Golgi corpuscles in equine meniscus. They were found, isolated or in clusters and always located at the vicinity of blood vessels, at the level of the anterior horn of the equine medial meniscus. This morphological approach could serve as a basis for clinical studies, to evaluate the impact of these corpuscles on the poor sportive prognosis in equine meniscal tears. 相似文献
10.
Studies on localization and distribution of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are important for better understanding of their role in the ontogenetic development of intestines. Information about the distribution of the most important endocrine cells in the digestive tract of the ostrich is very limited; therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify gastrin and somatostatin EECs in the small intestine of the ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) chicks at different ages. Six embryos along with 42 ostriches of both sexes from hatching up to 60 days post-hatching, including six embryos, were obtained from an ostrich farm in Latvia. Duodenum, jejunum and ileum were investigated using routine histology and immunohistochemistry methods. Gastrin and somatostatin EECs were examined in 10 microscopic fields of the intestinal mucosa in each tissue sample. The cells were detected in all age groups as well as the embryos. The number of both types of EEC in the mucosa of the ileum was significantly lower (p < .01–.05) than in the duodenum. The present study suggested that the EEC may have a role in the development of the mucosa of the intestinal tract of ostriches with possible involvement in the development of the digestive functions. 相似文献